A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
77. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump
(B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping
(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump (D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump
(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities
其实对于为何是are allowed,看了英文解释后,我已经知道了
但是对于C解释当中说“have been allowed should be are allowed"不懂啊。。。为啥现在完成时不对呢~~?
求NN帮忙解决~~
amount of phosphates had been allowed to dump into Great Lakes
单看这句话,是什么意思呢?
是 在过去,被允许倒进大湖的磷肥的数量
=>用过去完成时,表明过去允许被倒进去,因为had been allowed,被允许这个动作在过去已经完成了,也就是说现在不允许被倒进去了,被禁止了;
前面半句 reduced the amount of phosphates
是 过去时态,表明该动作发生在had been allowed之后,但是根据句意,在reduced这个动作发生的时候,被允许到磷肥的这个动作已经被禁止了,那就不存在reduce它的数量的这个可能性,两个动作之间的先后顺序有问题
我觉得这题挺难得,时态是真心难捉摸,如果考到我错的概率蛮大的。
往简单了想,其实应该是, 被倒这个动作(be allowed to dump)应该是一直允许的,至少到reduced的当下是允许的,那么它才有可能去改变被倒的amount,相当于说这个动作是个eternal truth,改变的不是be allowed to dump动作本身,而是数量
前两天也在纠结这个问题,后来搞懂了。
have been表示发生在reduces这个动作之前,也许从语法上来看是可以成立的,但是纵观逻辑意思,发现是很荒谬的。
这个agreement只能对它生效之后的行为进行约束,而不能改变它之前的amount of phosphates that municipalities have dumped. 所以逻辑不成立。