请教OG11-62

phoezi

A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.

(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump

(B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping

(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump

(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump

(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities

该题的答案,ETS认为答案不是A,而是D.

ETS是这么解释的(下面原文照抄):

Verb form + Idiom

An agreement that occurred in 1972 is correctly described with the past tens verb reduced.Since the dumping continues into the present, the past perfect verb had been allowed should instead be the present are allowed.

A Had been allowed should be are allowed.

B The phosphbates amount should be the amount of phosphates;the meaning of the sentence is changed by the omission of any form of allow.

C The present tense reduces should be the past tense reduced;the phosphate amount should be the amount of phosphates;have been allowed should be are allowed

D Correct.The past tense reduced is correctly used in this sentence to describe a past action,and the present tense are allowed is used to describle the present situation.

E The present tense reduces should be the past tense redueced;allowed for dumping is an incorrect idiom;allowed for dumping by municipalities is awkward

The correct answer is D.

我这样理解A答案：1972年之前，允许了一个倾倒量，在1972年协议达成之后，减少了这个允许的倾倒量，“减少”发生在过去（1972），则用reduced，那么allow用过去完成事态表示允许（allow）这个动作发生在1972年之前。

我哪里理解错了？请nn们指教！

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-11-30 14:38:18编辑过]

phoezi

nn们呢？

cavinmontrea

A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.

(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump

浅见： 表面上看，应该用过去完成时而选择A。但是想想过去允许的倾倒量怎么可以在之后的时间，也就是1972年，通过协议的方式减少呢？

题目的希望表达意思是：美加之间通过一个协议，协议做什么的呢？---- 减少phosphates的量。这是什么样的量？周边城市被允许向大湖中倾倒phosphates的量。这个条款在协议发布后一直生效，所以用一般现在时。

lsw

以下是引用cavinmontrea在2006-12-4 9:40:00的发言：

A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.

(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump

浅见： 表面上看，应该用过去完成时而选择A。但是想想过去允许的倾倒量怎么可以在之后的时间，也就是1972年，通过协议的方式减少呢？（我想，过去完成时强调的是：1972年以前的倾倒量多，1972年协议之后，减少了以前的较多的倾倒量，这样讲用过去完成时挺合适的）

题目的希望表达意思是：美加之间通过一个协议，协议做什么的呢？---- 减少phosphates的量。这是什么样的量？周边城市被允许向大湖中倾倒phosphates的量。这个条款在协议发布后一直生效，所以用一般现在时。（用一般现在时，强调的是倾倒量和倾倒的行为一直存在，1972年协议减少了倾倒量，而这个倾倒量从过去一直持续到现在。）

我觉得，这两个答案都可以，无非是强调的重点不同而已，想不明白！

helenyu529

我同意cavinmontrea的观点

刚开始我也选A，但是看了OG的解释才明白：这句话的本意是想说一项1972年的协议对后世的影响，也就是说1972年的协议本身的动作reduce应为过去时——和1972年对应；而关于定语从句的动作allow是过去完成时还是现在时呢，可以这样考虑：一个协议之所以被制定出来，一定是为了改善什么，那么它肯定是应该作用于现在和将来而不是作用于该协议产生之前，因为过去的倾倒量已经是事实了，不可能再被reduced了。还有,XDF老师说过“政策决策的内容用一般现在时”。 

不知我这个理解是否正确呀

amywangwei

以下是引用lsw在2007-1-1 21:49:00的发言：

我觉得，这两个答案都可以，无非是强调的重点不同而已，想不明白！

我也这么认为，感觉上两者都解释得通，我觉得对A的解释可以这么看，协议达成不是瞬间就能减少倾倒量的，必然有个过程呀，在倾倒量减少发生之前这个被允许的量就已经存在了，然后这个协议的实施把量给减低了。

对D的解释，可以想成被允许的倾倒量一直有效，在过去的一个时间里它减少了，但减少后就没变了，所以现在不能再减少了。

其实我觉得最好是都用现在时，协议允许的倾倒量作为一个客观事实（假设这个agreement现在还有效）确实应该用现在时，这一行为事实上减少了倾倒的量。

好像越解释越复杂了。。。考试时时间就那么点，哪有时间这么想来想去的，NN们出来指点一下吧

yf1369

以下是引用phoezi在2006-11-30 14:36:00的发言：

A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.

(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump

(B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping

(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump

(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump

(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities

该题的答案,ETS认为答案不是A,而是D.

ETS是这么解释的(下面原文照抄):

Verb form + Idiom

An agreement that occurred in 1972 is correctly described with the past tens verb reduced.Since the dumping continues into the present, the past perfect verb had been allowed should instead be the present are allowed.

A Had been allowed should be are allowed.

B The phosphbates amount should be the amount of phosphates;the meaning of the sentence is changed by the omission of any form of allow.

C The present tense reduces should be the past tense reduced;the phosphate amount should be the amount of phosphates;have been allowed should be are allowed

D Correct.The past tense reduced is correctly used in this sentence to describe a past action,and the present tense are allowed is used to describle the present situation.

E The present tense reduces should be the past tense redueced;allowed for dumping is an incorrect idiom;allowed for dumping by municipalities is awkward

The correct answer is D.

我这样理解A答案：1972年之前，允许了一个倾倒量，在1972年协议达成之后，减少了这个允许的倾倒量，“减少”发生在过去（1972），则用reduced，那么allow用过去完成事态表示允许（allow）这个动作发生在1972年之前。

我哪里理解错了？请nn们指教！

提一个新问题，我开始也想到了楼上的解释，按这个解释C得后面是太部分也应该正确啊，现在完成时也应该正确啊，表示过去发生并对现在有影响的动作。为什么og说C后面的时态也不对了？

nn解答一下

yf1369

nn呢，理睬一下啊

redall

A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.

我是这样理解的：

根据这句话给出的信息，自己造一句句子（不考虑句意重心转移），可以是：Municipalities are allowd to dump into the Greak Lakes phosphates,the amount of which was reduced by a 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States.

而如果用过去完成时的话，Municipalities had been allowd to dump into the Greak Lakes phosphates...含义就和由reduce所暗示的实际情况矛盾了 

dreamermm

我的理解如下:

reduced 要用simple past tense, 它是针对过去某一时点-1972年.

一个句子中有2个动词, 一个是一般过去时-reduced, 另一个是过去完成时-had been allowed to dump, 根据时态, allow to dump 这个动作如果用过去完成时, 这说明该动作是发生在 reduce这个动作之前--也就是所发生在1972年之前.

如果1972年之后,  不可以再dump的话, 这句话的意思就变的很奇怪了, 一个动作已不再发生了, 也就无所谓reduce了. 原句的话则应改为: A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States stopped dumping phosphates that municipalities had been allowed.

所以, 用了reduced, 则imply that the action "allow to dump" continues into the present.所以"allow to dump"要用present tense. 要从时态和句子的意思这两方面考虑.

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-5-26 22:17:11编辑过]