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- 2020-11-22
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阅读时间:6 mins
P1:
提出问题-what is to keep males from cheating in order to appear more aggressive
理论情景-handicap hypothesis: the costs of signals are crucial to enforcing their honesty.
几种讨论的局限性-
1. Energy costs
2. Developmental cost
3. Vulnerability cost
P2: 解释soft songs的特点
1. reliable aggressive signal
2. unambiguous and costly signal of attention
3. costly to the singer
P3:一个实验
过程:
intruder正常音量-owner正常音量
intruder正常音量-owner soft songs level
结果:
intrusions by other male song sparrows were more common and more serious when the simulated owner sang soft songs than when he used loud song.
结论:
by using soft song to signal his focused attention to one intruder, the territory owner sacrifices his ability to ward off other potential intruders.
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