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12 - 员工持股
P1 - US corporations seeking to improve productivity relied largely on cost-cutting measures, resulting in the erosion of workers' benefits and job security.
=> Less successful than anticipated -
/ 1977-1987, plants with productivity increased but employment decreased accounted for slightly more of the productivity improvement than did plants with both productivity and employment increased.
/ 1990 onwards, <50% raised profits and 1/3 increased productivity
/ 40% of executives were unhapy with the results
=> Survey showed productivity from such measures simply be limited because -
/impact company morale and the workers who subsequently leave the company
/ remaining workers are susceptible to burnout from increased workloads => explans why the shares of firms outperform in the 1st 6 months but tend to underperform after 3 years
P2 - An alternative to boost productivity: profit sharing and employee stock-ownership plans.
/ give employees increased decision-making responsibilities and link their compnsation to performance
/ workers are given assurances that layoffs will be used only as a last resort
=> in the companies in which measures have been tried,
/employees tend to be happier, more productive and better paid
/ difficult to implement
1) workforce must be reeducated
2) managers must be persuaded to acccept diminished authority
=> many firms relied on downsizing and outsourcing to boost productivity instead
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