- UID
- 1546699
- 在线时间
- 小时
- 注册时间
- 2023-7-11
- 最后登录
- 1970-1-1
- 主题
- 帖子
- 性别
- 保密
|
逐句分析:
第一段
1 The Mission Inn in Riverside, California, is a luxury hotel constructed in 1902 to evoke “the Old California of missions and ranchos,” according to its promotional pamphlet.
这句话是介绍,交代了这个是个酒店 并且把 according to its promotional pamphlet放在句末是很有意思的。
2 Consistent with this image, the builders filled an entire city block with arches, bell towers, flying buttresses, domes, fountains, wrought-iron balconies, and Tiffany stained-glass windows.
由于上句话的结尾是用promotional pamphlet的,这句话开头的this image就是指代promotional pamphlet里面的。需要熟悉的是这里的builders肯定是指the builders of the hotel,所以这句话还是在描述这个酒店的样子,并且排比的建筑元素肯定是呼应着第1句中的”the Old California of missions and ranchos”
3 An ornate, turn-of-the-century fantasy of Hispanic architecture, the Inn is completely unlike the unornamented adobe structures that existed in the Southwest before the Americans came.
这句话其实还是在描写这个酒店的建筑色彩,并且区别于其他建筑。
第二段
4 Similarly, late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century state courts developed elaborate theories of water rights ostensibly based on Hispanic law, but which bore no resemblance to actual Spanish and Mexican legal traditions.
Similarly,这个词在这里给句子奠定了类比的基调。于是就要思考了这里类比的是上述的什么,那肯定是建筑。这里细读过来意思是又在讲国家法院发展是依靠西班牙法律,但和实际上西班牙和墨西哥的立法传统毫无相关。这里的but 也是有助于理解的,类比的句子肯定是第3句,其中but后面的内容基本上就等于unlike前面的内容,类比的是建筑虽然是西班牙建筑,但与传统的建筑很不一样,法律发展虽然是基于西班牙法律的,但是跟传统的西班牙法律没有啥关系。
5 Despite their awareness of the historical reality of communal water-sharing practices, American judges asserted that municipal and riparian water rights originating in the Hispanic period were absolute and exclusive.
Despite后面是一个consideration,。这句话的理解其实难度很大,需要一定的英美法系的基础。这里despite的内容是是尽管法官知道过往分享水的司法实践(common law体系中的司法一致性consistent with past practice),但是他们还是认为水权是私有的(拥有所有权的)。
所要知道的是ownership is an absolute and exclusive.所以这里认为的就是水权就算有所有权的,是私有的。这也符合国外水资源私有的客观事实。
这句话的意思其实就是过去虽然有司法实践的case law说水是共享资源,但是美国的法官认为源于西班牙时期的水权是有所有权私有的。
读完这句话其实就可以发现第4句是在为这一句在做铺垫。是从宏观到微观的一个过程
6 These doctrines of absolute water rights, legitimated water monopoly and accumulation in the hands of a few cities and landowners.
这句话是在讲第5句所导致的结果是导致了合法了水的垄断和积累在一些地方
7 In some states, this version of Hispanic law persists: in 1975, the California Supreme Court reaffirmed Los Angeles’s paramount “pueblo water right” to its local watershed on the basis of stare decisis, despite extensive trial court findings that the right had no historical basis.
这句话用了更加具体的例子来阐述第6句导致的现实结果。
this version of Hispanic law persists:就是指代了法院坚持认为水是有所有权的,并不是公有的。这里的:后面就是具体的例子,despite 表达出的还是一种consideration,尽管没有过去的法律依据。
第三段
8 In contrast to the common law water regime of riparian and prior appropriation rights emphasizing individual property interests, a communal water system prevailed in the Hispanic Southwest.
这里直接in contrast to开头,说明主句的内容和in contrast to引导的内容是相反的。
In contrast to引导的内容很明显在强调水是私有的个人财产的制度,那主句说的内容就是相反强调水是公用的。
这个句子是第三段的开头,很好的承上启下的作用。
9 Legal historians of the Spanish and Mexican periods have shown that far from being absolute and exclusive, water rights were shared between municipalities and other users, especially in times of shortage.
印证了上面承上启下的猜想,这句话就是在具体讲述Hispanic Southwest 这些地方的水权不是所有权,而是公共共享的资源(a communal water system)
10 This communal water system also restricted the private sector, for riparian owners did not automatically have the right to irrigate their own property, but needed an express or implied grant of water in addition to land.
这句话还是在具体在介communal water system 的内容。用私有部门,河滨的所有者的权力限制的内容,更加来佐证communal water system并不是私有的事实。
11 These communal water use patterns can be traced back to regional sharing arrangements in medieval Spain and are still practised in parts of the contemporary Southwest.
用发展的眼观来描述communal water,交代了起源和如今的情况,更加来说明这种公用水系统的客观存在。
12 Based on this historical evidence, many scholars of Western water law in the American period have criticized nineteenth- and twentieth-century state courts for distorting Hispanic traditions.
上述历史事实,导致学者批评法院扭曲了法律传统。这句话其实跟第4句有一定的关联,其实是在讲同一件事,法院违背传统法律,造成了司法先例,从而影响后世。
13 However, the legal historians who have attempted to explain this distortion have attributed it to a judicial “loss of Hispanic learning” or to parties failing to present documents on Spanish and Mexican water to the courts.
However, 并且出现了另外的人物the legal historians 这种结构很明显是另外一类人要表达一个不同的观点。第12句学者认为的是法院扭曲了西班牙的传统法律,批判的是法院,把责任归咎于的也是法院。
这句话的however,就是把责任归咎于其他因素了,不能仅仅是法院一家的错,还有西班牙语学习的不好和当事人的原因。
14 None of these scholars has examined the contemporary background of the key nineteenth- and early twentieth-century cases to evaluate the context of these decisions, and none has researched court files to determine the extent to which judges knowingly misused Hispanic law.
这里是however后面的内容,这里的these scholars是指第12句中的,这里主要说明了这些学者的调查是不充分的,并且没有搞清楚一些当时的事实情况和背景。因此第12句的得出的观点是草率的,这句话是对第12句学者观点的直接削弱。
|
|