【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-2】

daisyの小夢想

hope明天考试噜~^^ 我代hope发。祝hope这次考试顺利，与G说拜拜！


关于练习的问题：
我要说明一下哦呵呵。
计时是计看题干和题目的时间，先不看选项。
精练题的步骤是：
1. 计时看问题和题干，一般在45s内。
2. 不看选项、不看题干按自己的理解写出逻辑链。（逻辑链是需要思考提炼的，不是简单的复制粘贴题干内容哦）
3. 合理推测正确选项的可能方向
4. 看选项，选出正确答案
5. 校对答案，对错误选项给出错误原因和类型的解释，对正确选项分析其与题干逻辑链的关系。


关于练习还有什么不清楚的地方可以跟帖问我们噢，不用害羞哈哈，这里鼓励提出问题。






1. Beverage company representative: The plastic rings
that hold six-packs of beverage cans together
pose a threat to wild animals, which often
become entangled in the discarded rings and
suffocate as a result. Following our lead, all
beverage companies will soon use only those
rings consisting of a new plastic that
disintegrates after only three days’ exposure to
sunlight. Once we all complete the switchover
from the old to the new plastic rings, therefore,
the threat of suffocation that plastic rings pose
to wild animals will be eliminated.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the representative’s argument?  
--BIBLE WEAKEN NO.2
(A) The switchover to the new plastic rings will
take at least two more years to complete.
(B) After the beverage companies have switched
over to the new plastic rings, a substantial
number of the old plastic rings will persist
in most aquatic and woodland environments.
(C) The new plastic rings are slightly less
expensive than the old rings.
(D) The new plastic rings rarely disintegrate
during shipping of beverage six-packs
because most trucks that transport canned
beverages protect their cargo from sunlight.
(E) The new plastic rings disintegrate into
substances that are harmful to aquatic
animals when ingested in substantial
quantities by them.




2.


Tiger sharks are common in the waters surrounding Tenare Island.  Usually tiger sharks feed on smaller sharks, but sometimes they have attacked tourists swimming and surfing at Tenare's beaches.  This has hurt Tenare's tourism industry, which is second only to its fishing industry in annual revenues.  In order to help the economy, therefore, the mayor of the island has proposed an ongoing program to kill any tiger sharks within a mile of the beaches.


Which of the following, if true, most strongly calls into question the likelihood that implementation of the mayor's proposal will have the desired consequence?
-- PREP07 CR1 NO.5

(A) Even if not all the tiger sharks that come close to the beaches are killed, the existence of the program would reassure tourists.
(B) Business owners who depend on tourism are willing to pay most of the cost of implementing the program.
(C) Tourists come to Tenare Island for its beaches, even though the island features a number of other tourist attractions.
(D) The small sharks on which tiger sharks prey feed on fish that are commercially important to the island's fisheries.
(E) Not all tourists who come to Tenare Island enjoy swimming or surfing.


3.


The country of Ertland has never imported apples in any significant quantity because consumers there generally prefer the unique texture of Ertland-grown apples.  Nevertheless, apple growers from Kosolia, a neighboring country, plan to sell their apples in Ertland by selling Kosolia-grown apples at half the price of local apples and promoting them as a nourishing, low-cost alternative.


Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the viability of the plan by Kosolia's apple growers to sell their apples in Ertland?
-- PREP07 CR1 NO.6

(A) Most of the varieties of apples grown in Ertland were originally derived from common Kosolian varieties.
(B) Consumers in Ertland tend to spend about the same proportion of their income on fresh fruits and vegetables as do consumers in Kosolia.
(C) At times in the past, Ertland has exported significant quantities of apples to Kosolia.
(D) Some varieties of apples grown in Kosolia can be harvested throughout most of the year, whereas the varieties grown in Ertland can be harvested only during two months of the year.
(E) Profiles of Ertland-grown apples are high enough in Ertland that growers, wholesalers, and retailers there could easily afford to reduce the price at which these apples are sold.


4.


As part of major renovations to Flowertown's Main Street train station, consultants to the train company proposed moving the station's entrance from its current valuable Main Street location to a low-rent adjoining side street and then leasing the high-rent entrance space to retail businesses.  In that way, the train company could easily pay for those and all other proposed renovations without negative impact on its tight budget.


Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the consultants' proposal?
-- PREP07 CR1 NO.7

(A) More train commuters are employed in businesses located on Main Street than in businesses located on the adjoining side street.
(B) A reliable survey of Flowertown's commuters showed that virtually none of them would use the train any less frequently if the station's entrance were moved.
(C) The high-rent block of Flowertown's Main Street includes several buildings whose owners currently seek to replace long-standing tenants lost in recent months.
(D) If the station's entrance were moved, the train company would need to begin costly renovations to its Main Street entrance space.
(E) Ridership on Flowertown trains declined only slightly from 1970 to 1985 while other train companies lost large numbers of commuters.


5.


Automobile Dealer's Advertisement:


The Highway Traffic Safety Institute reports that the PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class.  This shows that the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today.


Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement?
-- PREP07 CR1 NO.8

(A) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had more injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000.
(B) In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its class.
(C) Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents than are other types of cars.
(D) The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quite pronounced.
(E) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year.

daisyの小夢想

Key: B DEBC

【精练题解释】（Bible的解释真心到位。4道PREP的题目没有官方解释）
The conclusion of this argument is the final sentence, which contains the
conclusion indicator “therefore,” and the conclusion contains a qualification that
the threat of suffocation will be eliminated after the switchover is complete. The
premises supporting this conclusion are that the new plastic rings will be used
by all companies and that the rings disintegrate after three days’ exposure to
sunlight. Personalize this argument and ask yourself—are there any holes in this
argument? Yes, there are several. The most obvious is, “What if an animal
becomes entangled in the new rings before they can disintegrate?” In this
question, however, that avenue of attack is not used (this was a two-question
stimuli and that idea was used in the other question) but there is no way to
know this prior to attempting the question.
Answer choice (A): This answer does not hurt the argument because the author
qualified the conclusion to account for the date of the switchover, thereby
inoculating against this avenue of attack. From a personalizing standpoint,
imagine what would happen if you raised this issue to the beverage company
representative—he or she would simply say, “Yes, that may be the case, but I
noted in my conclusion that the program would be effective once the switchover
is complete.” This is an attractive answer because it raises a point that would be
a difficult public relations issue to address. Regardless, this does not hurt the
argument given by the beverage company representative, and that is the task at
hand.
Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer. Most people select answer
choice (E), but as you will see, (E) is incorrect. This answer undermines the
representative’s conclusion by showing that even after the switchover is
complete, the threat to animals from plastic rings will persist. Note the carefully
worded nature of the conclusion—the representative does not say the threat
from new plastic rings will be eliminated, but rather the threat from plastic rings,
which includes both old and new rings.

Answer choice (C): This out-of-scope answer addresses an issue that is
irrelevant to the representative’s argument.

Answer choice (D): While this is nice information from a customer service
standpoint (you do not want your six-pack of beer falling apart as you walk out
of the store), this answer does not affect the conclusion because it does not
address the threat of suffocation to animals.

Answer choice (E): This is the most commonly chosen answer, and it is a
perfect example of a Shell Game. In this case, the answer preys upon test takers
who fail to heed Primary Objective #4: “Read closely and know precisely what
the author said. Do not generalize!” Many test takers read the conclusion and
think, “So when they start using these new rings, it will make things better for
the animals.” When these test takers get to answer choice (E), the answer looks
extremely attractive because it indicates that the implementation of the new
rings will also have a harmful effect. With this thinking in mind, many test
takers select answer choice (E) thinking it undermines the conclusion and they
are certain they have nailed the question. However, the conclusion is
specifically about suffocation, and answer choice (E) does not address
suffocation. Instead, answer choice (E) is a shell game that attacks a conclusion
that is similar but different than the actual conclusion. Remember, one of the
rules for weakening arguments is to focus on the conclusion, and knowing the
details of the conclusion is part of that focus.

Finally, the placement of answer choice (E) is no accident. Most students do not
immediately identify answer choice (B) as the correct answer, and even those
that keep it as a Contender often feel it could be stronger. Then, just when
things are starting to look bleak, answer choice (E) pops up sounding fairly
reasonable. Most people breathe a sigh of relief and select the answer without
carefully examining the contents. Never choose answer choice (E) just because
the first four answers are not overly attractive! Always make a thorough
analysis of every answer choice and remember that the test makers know that
people get nervous if none of the first four answer choices jump out at them. Do
not let the test takers draw you into a trap!

fox0923

谢谢daisy，第一次坐沙发~~

一会回来作~

精练----1'00-----Weaken
B: The old 6 pack can can suffocate the animals.
P: The proposed plan is to switch the old 6 pack can to the new ones, and the rings of can will disintegrate in 3 days after exposing under the sun.
C: Therefore, the number of animals suffocated by the rings of cans will be eliminated after this switchover.
Pre: Some of these new rings of cans will not disintegrate in 3 days.
      After switchover, new rings of cans can cause more dangerous to the animals.
Analysis:
(A) The switchover to the new plastic rings will
take at least two more years to complete.
--------------------------------------------------------Although the switchover has to take 2 more years to complete, this new plan can be effective as well.
(B) After the beverage companies have switched
over to the new plastic rings, a substantial
number of the old plastic rings will persist
in most aquatic and woodland environments.
--------------------------------------------------------this can be contender at first.
(C) The new plastic rings are slightly less
expensive than the old rings.
--------------------------------------------------------the price is not irrelevant here.
(D) The new plastic rings rarely disintegrate
during shipping of beverage six-packs
because most trucks that transport canned
beverages protect their cargo from sunlight.
--------------------------------------------------------this doesn't help since the cans will eventually be exposed under the sun after shipping, so this plan can still work.
(E) The new plastic rings disintegrate into
substances that are harmful to aquatic
animals when ingested in substantial
quantities by them.
--------------------------------------------------------I think choice E is better than B. since it mentions the side effect of this new plan.


非常的幸运，这道题目错了~终于找到自己的又一个缺陷：不扣准结论，凭空想象。

解释的这句话非常重要:
Instead, answer choice (E) is a shell game that attacks a conclusion
that is similar but different than the actual conclusion. Remember, one of the
rules for weakening arguments is to focus on the conclusion, and knowing the
details of the conclusion is part of that focus.

经过分析：
(B) After the beverage companies have switched
over to the new plastic rings, a substantial
number of the old plastic rings will persist
in most aquatic and woodland environments.--------------------说明大量的old plastic rings still exist in woodland environments,所以很容易还会继续suffocate animals.

(E) The new plastic rings disintegrate into
substances that are harmful to aquatic
animals when ingested in substantial
quantities by them.----------------------------------------------------E说new plan will be harmful to the aquatic animals首先文中没有特定指出什么样的animals，其次这个选项并没有说是怎样的harm，即有可能不是suffocated造成的，那么就和结论不符了。

南瓜0729

1.40s
P：old plastic poses threat to wild animals.
P：the company will replace new plastic with the old one.
C：after switchover to new plastic, the threat of suffocation will be eliminated.
P(weaken): old plastic will still exist, which will entangle suffocate.
B
A doesn't focus on the conclusion.
B right answer
C irrelevant
D irrelevant
E shell game
这个题我前天才做的 印象深刻
当时选的E


2.34s
P：tiger sharks feed small sharks and sometimes kill the people at the beach.
P: tourism will be affected, which is the second industry.
c:the mayor decides to kill the shark near the beach to boost the economy.
p(weaken): some people went there to see the tiger shark.
D
A support
B irrelevant
C irrelevant
D right answer
E irrelevant


3.35s
p:E doesn't import many apples because customers in E prefer E-grown apples.
C:K plans to sell K-grown apples at half price.
P(weaken):customer in E would rather buy apples grown in E.
E
A irrelevant
B irrelevant
C irrelevant
D support
E right


4.40s
p:the company plans to switch the entrance to a low rent side and rent the original side to retail business.
C: this plan will not have negative effect and the train company will easily pay for the cost.
P(support):the retail business will attract people and this will help the train company maintain the customer.
B
A weaken
B right
C
D weaken
E irrelevant


5.16s
P: PZ1000 has the fewest injuries.
C: it is the safest car.
P(weaken): the injuries happened is more serious.
C??
A support
B irrelevant
c
d irrelevant
e irrelevant

Jane412

1[weaken]
Time:32’’
Premise: a kind of plastic rings pose athreat to wild animals,  suffocate
Premise: a new plastic that disintegratesafter three days’ exposure will be used only
Conclusion: the threat of suffocate to wildanimals will be eliminated

Prephrase: if animals become entangled bythe new plastic before it’s disintegrated
  (看完选项发现自己prephrase的好弱。。。@#￥)

(A) The switchover tothe new plastic rings will
take at least two more years to complete.
----irrlevant.
(B) After the beverage companies have switched
over to the new plastic rings, a substantial
number of the old plastic rings will persist
in most aquatic and woodland environments.
----这题B E纠结了。。。
(C) The new plastic rings are slightly less
expensive than the old rings.
----irrelevant. Nothing todo with the prices
(D) The new plastic rings rarely disintegrate
during shipping of beverage six-packs
because most trucks that transport canned
beverages protect their cargo from sunlight.
---- irrelevant. justrepeat info from stimuli.
(E) The new plastic rings disintegrate into
substances that are harmful to aquatic
animals when ingested in substantial
quantities by them.
----correct！！++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
仔细看了bible，悟了。。FOCUS ON THE CONCLUSION
B:conclusion说的是threat from plastic rings会减少，而不是threat from NEW plastic rings会减少，所以这里的threat=old+new！！！
E：这是个shell game。还是因为对conclusion不细致，the conclusion is specifically about suffocation, and the answer E doesn't address suffocation.

2.[weaken]
Time：26’’
Premise: tiger sharkshurt tourism industry.
Premise: T’s tourismindustry is very important for the economy
Conclusion: kill anytiger sharks near the beaches can help the economy
Prephrase: the deceaseof tiger shark has some negative effect on tourism

A) Even if not all thetiger sharks that come close to the beaches are killed, the existence of theprogram would reassure tourists.
----support
(B) Business owners who depend on tourism are willing topay most of the cost of implementing the program.
----support→→→→ 应该是个irrelevant选项
(C) Tourists come to Tenare Island for its beaches, eventhough the island features a number of other tourist attractions.
----irrelevant
(D) The small sharks on which tiger sharks prey feed onfish that are commercially important to the island's fisheries.
----correct! Tiger shark↓→small shark↑→fish↓→hurt the economy
(E) Not all tourists who come to Tenare Island enjoyswimming or surfing.
----irrelevant

3.[weaken]
Time: 40’’
Premise: consumersprefer E-grown apples
Premise:K’s growers willsell K-grown apples lower than the local apples
Conclusion: there willbe a market for K’s-grown apples.
Prephrase: consumers don’tlike K-grown apples. Or, it’s expensive to grow K-grown apples.


(A) Most of the varieties of apples grown in Ertland wereoriginally derived from common Kosolian varieties.
----irrelevant
(B) Consumers in Ertland tendto spend about the same proportion of their income on fresh fruits andvegetables as do consumers in Kosolia.
----irrelevant
(C) At times in the past,Ertland has exported significant quantities of apples to Kosolia.
----irrelevant
(D) Some varieties of applesgrown in Kosolia can be harvested throughout most of the year, whereas thevarieties grown in Ertland can be harvested only during two months of the year.
----support
(E) Profiles of Ertland-grownapples are high enough in Ertland that growers, wholesalers, and retailersthere could easily afford to reduce the price at which these apples are sold.
----排除就剩它了。。。但木看明白这个选项啥意思。。。→→→→第一个单词应该是profits吧。。这样我就看明白了。。。

4.[support]
Time:42’’
Premise:station’s entrance is part of major renovation
Premise:moving the entrance from the valuable main street location to a
low-rent side street.
Premise:lease the high-rent entrance space to retail business
Conclusion:the high-rent spacewill be rented and train company can pay for all renovations without negativeimpact on its tight budget

Prephrase: the company will earn more moneyand can pay for the renovation

(A) More train commutersare employed in businesses located on Main Street than in businesses located onthe adjoining side street.
----weaken
(B) A reliable survey of Flowertown's commuters showed thatvirtually none of them would use the train any less frequently if the station'sentrance were moved.
----correct！
(C) The high-rent block of Flowertown's Main Streetincludes several buildings whose owners currently seek to replace long-standingtenants lost in recent months.
----weaken(这个解释不确定)
(D) If the station's entrance were moved, the train companywould need to begin costly renovations to its Main Street entrance space.
----weaken
(E) Ridership on Flowertown trains declined only slightlyfrom 1970 to 1985 while other train companies lost large numbers of commuters.
---irrelevant

5[weaken]
Time：20’’
Premise: PZ1000 has thefewest injuries per accident in its class
Conclusion: PZ1000 isone of the safest cars today

Prephrase: compared toall the other cars available today, the performance of PZ isn’t really good.
A) The Highway TrafficSafety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had moreinjuries per accident than did the PZ 1000.
----support
(B) In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold thanhave any other kind of car in its class.
----irrelevant
(C) Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are morelikely to be involved in accidents than are other types of cars.
----correct!
(D) The difference between the number of injuries peraccident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quitepronounced.
----irrelevant
(E) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reportsonly once a year.
----irrelevant

qiuhua01234567

精炼：

1weaken 1’08

Background：The plastic things pose a threat to wild animals

Ways：switch from old to news：

Result：threat will be eliminated。

(A)The switchover to the new plastic rings will
take at least two more years to complete.

---------------------------------------------------------threat not times，
(B) After the beverage companies have switched
over to the new plastic rings, a substantial
number of the old plastic rings will persist
in most aquatic and woodland environments.
(C) The new plastic rings are slightly less
expensive than the old rings.

-------------------------------------------------------have nothing to do with cost.
(D) The new plastic rings rarely disintegrate
during shipping of beverage six-packs
because most trucks that transport canned
beverages protect their cargo from sunlight.
(E) The new plastic rings disintegrate into
substances that are harmful to aquatic
animals when ingested in substantial


quantities by them.

这题挺难，待会看答案。

逻辑链

2:weaken36S

Background：tiger sharks kill people who swim and surf at beach.

Ways:kill tigers

Result:this way will protect the tourism instury.


(A) Even if not all the tiger sharks that come close to the beaches are killed, the existence of the program would reassure tourists.

------------------------------------------------------------support,not weaken.
(B) Business owners who depend on tourism are willing to pay most of the cost of implementing the program.

-------------------------------------------------------------irrelevant
(C) Tourists come to Tenare Island for its beaches, even though the island features a number of other tourist attractions.

-------------------------------------------------------------irrelevant
(D) The small sharks on which tiger sharks prey feed on fish that are commercially important to the island's fisheries.

--------------------------------------------------------------correct
(E) Not all tourists who come to Tenare Island
enjoy swimming or surfing.
------------------------------------------------------------but most.

3.weaken25S
background:E never imported apples.

Ways:K plan to sell apples at half prices

Result:promote K apples


(A) Most of the varieties of apples grown in Ertland were originally derived from common Kosolian varieties.

----------------------------------------------------------support.
(B) Consumers in Ertland tend to spend about the same proportion of their income on fresh fruits and vegetables as do consumers in Kosolia.

----------------------------------------------------------support.
(C) At times in the past, Ertland has exported significant quantities of apples to Kosolia.

-----------------------------------------------------------irrelevant
(D) Some varieties of apples grown in Kosolia can be harvested throughout most of the year, whereas the varieties grown in Ertland can be harvested only during two months of the year.

----------------------------------------------------------support
(E)Profiles of Ertland-grown apples are high enough in Ertland that growers, wholesalers, and retailers there could easily afford to reduce the price at which these apples are sold.

----------------------------------------------------------correct.

4.support 30S

Ways: moving the station's entrance from its current valuable Main Street
location to a low-rent adjoining side street
Result:then leasing the high-rent entrance space to retail businesses


(A) More train commuters are employed in businesses located on Main Street
than in businesses located on the adjoining side street.
----------------------------------------------------------------weaken
(B) A reliable survey of Flowertown's commuters showed that virtually none of them would use the train any less frequently if the station's entrance were moved.

-----------------------------------------------------------------weaken
(C) The high-rent block of Flowertown's Main Street includes several buildings whose owners currently seek to replace long-standing tenants lost in recent months.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(D) If the station's entrance were moved, the train company would need to begin costly renovations to its Main Street
entrance space.
----------------------------------------------------------------weaken
(E) Ridership on Flowertown trains declined only slightly from 1970 to 1985 while other train companies lost large numbers of commuters.

------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevant.

5weaken10S

Premise: PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class

Conclusion: PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today

(A)The Highway Traffic Safety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had more injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000.

-----------------------------------------------------------correct
(B) In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its class.

-----------------------------------------------------------irrelevant
(C) Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents than are other types of cars.

-------------------------------------------------------------support
(D) The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quite pronounced.

-----------------------------------------------------------irrelevant
(E) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year.

-----------------------------------------------------------irrelevant

fox0923

占楼作剩下的~
2----35s------weaken
P: The tiger sharks harm the tourists.
C: In order to regenerate the economy of tourism, the mayor is planning to kill the tiger sharks.
Pre: The reduction of tiger sharks will cause the increase of other animals that tiger sharks feed on, so that these animals will harm the tourists as well.
Analysis:

(A) Even if not all the tiger sharks that come close to the beaches are killed, the existence of the program would reassure tourists.---------support
(B) Business owners who depend on tourism are willing to pay most of the cost of implementing the program.-----support the program
(C) Tourists come to Tenare Island for its beaches, even though the island features a number of other tourist attractions.----this is irrelevant with the kills of tiger sharks
(D) The small sharks on which tiger sharks prey feed on fish that are commercially important to the island's fisheries.---contender!这个fish就是最终的逻辑链，也就是说tiger sharks减少，small sharks增加，然后fish就减少了，而fish也是带来经济的一个重要环节。
(E) Not all tourists who come to Tenare Island enjoy swimming or surfing.----this is irrelevant. in the case, people who enjoy swimming or surfing would still possible to get harm from tiger sharks.

CHRISTINE2010

哇哇~~这么快就有人来了~~占座先~~

CHRISTINE2010

小小的问一句。。。能不能像以前一样，把题号也发上来呢？？？

xeyyxzty

第一题在后面...点错了...
2.
background information:Tiger sharks are common in the waters surrounding Tenare Island. Usually tiger sharks feed on smaller sharks, but sometimes they have attacked tourists swimming and surfing at Tenare's beaches.  This has hurt Tenare's tourism industry, which is second only to its fishing industry in annual revenues.  
premise: the mayor of the island has proposed an ongoing program to kill any tiger sharks within a mile of the beaches.

conclusion: to help the economy
whether tiger sharks are the only problem that influences the tourism industry?
and whether more sharks will go to the shore once the sharks are killed?
or whether the advantages of killing the sharks outweigh the disadvantages (especially in concern of costs)?
(A) Even if not all the tiger sharks that come close to the beaches are killed, the existence of the program would reassure tourists.
--irrelevant???
(B) Business owners who depend on tourism are willing to pay most of the cost of implementing the program.
--support the proposal
(C) Tourists come to Tenare Island for its beaches, even though the island features a number of other tourist attractions.
--irrelevant--it's about the beaches and sharks~not other attractions
(D) The small sharks on which tiger sharks prey feed on fish that are commercially important to the island's fisheries.
--it will hurt the fishing industry~the proposal is to help the economy--right
(E) Not all tourists who come to Tenare Island enjoy swimming or surfing.
--irrelevant
又一次游离在正确思路之外~~~it's about the whole economy,not only about the tourism economyWhich of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the viability of the plan by Kosolia's apple growers to sell their apples in Ertland?
3.background information:The country of Ertland has never imported apples in any significant quantity because consumers there generally prefer the unique texture of Ertland-grown apples.
premise:apple growers from Kosolia, a neighboring country, plan to sell their apples in Ertland by selling Kosolia-grown apples at half the price of local apples
conclusion: kolsoli-grown apples become a nourishing, low-cost alternative
whether the features ( e.g. tastes, color) are the same, or can the kosolia's apple become the alternative?
(A) Most of the varieties of apples grown in Ertland were originally derived from common Kosolian varieties.
--it means apples from the two places are almost same--support
(B) Consumers in Ertland tend to spend about the same proportion of their income on fresh fruits and vegetables as do consumers in Kosolia.
--it has nothing to do with the proportion of income --irrelevant
(C) At times in the past, Ertland has exported significant quantities of apples to Kosolia.
--export to K-irrelevant
(D) Some varieties of apples grown in Kosolia can be harvested throughout most of the year, whereas the varieties grown in Ertland can be harvested only during two months of the year.
--maybe it supports the conclusion~~
(E) Profiles of Ertland-grown apples are high enough in Ertland that growers, wholesalers, and retailers there could easily afford to reduce the price at which these apples are sold.
--the advantages of K apples are prices. but when the E apples decrease their prices, more people would prefer the E ones--right
正确思路...又不一样
4.premise:As part of major renovations to Flowertown's Main Street train station, consultants to the train company proposed moving the station's entrance from its current valuable Main Street location to a low-rent adjoining side street and then leasing the high-rent entrance space to retail businesses.
conclusion: the train company could easily pay for those and all other proposed renovations without negative impact on its tight budget.
would the change about the entrance influence the number of passengers-->influence the revenue?
(A) More train commuters are employed in businesses located on Main Street than in businesses located on the adjoining side street.
--influence the number of passengers--influence the revenue--weaken
(B) A reliable survey of Flowertown's commuters showed that virtually none of them would use the train any less frequently if the station's entrance were moved.
--passengers don't change minds--support--right
(C) The high-rent block of Flowertown's Main Street includes several buildings whose owners currently seek to replace long-standing tenants lost in recent months.
--irrelevant???
(D) If the station's entrance were moved, the train company would need to begin costly renovations to its Main Street entrance space.
--more costs~the tight budget--weaken
(E) Ridership on Flowertown trains declined only slightly from 1970 to 1985 while other train companies lost large numbers of commuters.

the period 1970-1985 is irrelevant~the company's revenue is also irrelevant
premise:The Highway Traffic Safety Institute reports that the PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class.
conclusion:the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today
"the fewest injuries per accident" is not the least injured per accident~what about the degree of injuries?
"in its class"~vehicles have many "classes"~it may be not the safest of all classes
(A) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had more injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000.
--more accidents~worse than the PZ--support
(B) In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its class.
--the sales have nothing to do with the quality--irrelevant
(C) Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents than are other types of cars.
--weaken--right
(D) The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quite pronounced.
--pronounced--in its class--maybe it is right, maybe not
(E) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year.
--maybe the report is not precise, maybe it's precise