Richard 770 逻辑答题讨论

半夏冬忍

RichardVeritas 发表于 2017-8-31 23:23
答案是D?

个人意见：

是的答案是D 谢谢详细的解答 感觉这道题逻辑链的提取有点难，原文提供的信息太丰富了就不知道怎么取舍了……

RichardVeritas

这题，再写一下如果没读懂怎么排除：
The gill lining of lobsters in which the disease-causing parasite An. haemophila resides is completely regenerated every 30 days. The An. haemophila parasite typically produces moderate discoloration of the gills of infected lobsters, and can occasionally lead to more chronic symptoms. However, because these parasites cannot transfer directly from infected gill lining to newly generated gill lining in their host lobster, any discoloration appearing on the gills of lobsters more than 30 days after they have been moved to parasite-free water is not due to infection by An. haemophila.

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?

(A) Other parasites are found more frequently in lobsters than An. haemophila.
(B) Lobsters that remain in parasite-rich waters can be re-infected by new An. haemophila parasites once newly generated gill lining has been produced.
(C) An. haemophila can also cause digestive and respiratory distress in infected lobsters.
(D) In some cases An. haemophila migrates from the gill lining to the stomach, where it can then re-infect its original host.
(E) Once infected by a particular parasite, lobsters frequently develop a strong immunity to that parasite allowing them to better resist re-infection.

1. 至少看到结论部分, 注意结论型关键词because
However, because these parasites cannot transfer directly from infected gill lining to newly generated gill lining in their host lobster, any discoloration appearing on the gills of lobsters more than 30 days after they have been moved to parasite-free water is not due to infection by An. haemophila.

2. 看出结论中谈论事物：
discoloration... parasite-free water... not due to infection by An. haemophila.
答案要涉及这几个事物之间的关系

3. 筛选答案
A- Other parasites vs An. haemophila  无关
B- Lobsters ... in parasite-rich waters 无关  （结论说的是parasite-free water)
C- An. haemophila cause other problem in lobsters  无关 (结论说的是discoloration)
E- lobsters ... immunity ... better resist re-infection 和怎么导致discoloration无关
D- An. haemophila migrates from the gill lining to the stomach, where it can then re-infect its original host.
不能明显看出相关，但不像其它答案明显无关。至少这里谈虫A转移地方，和结论中作者用的证据相关。

所以没时间时就选D了。这里也可以看出，题目本身难，出题人在选项上可能会配以容易排出的答案。如果读不出整个逻辑链，没时间了，也可以试着排除。

Sueyu

谢谢~ 有个逻辑题想要请教一下，谢谢~
First-time computer buyers buying PXC home computers typically buy models that cost much less and have a smaller profit margin per computer than do PXC computers bought by people replacing their computers with more powerful models. Last year PXC's profits from computer sales were substantially higher than the previous year, although about the same number of PXC computers were sold and the prices and profit margins for each computer model that PXC sells remained unchanged.

If the statements above are true, which of the following is most strongly supported by them?
A
PXC's competitors raised the prices on their computers last year, making PXC computers more attractive to first-time computer buyers.

B
The number of people buying PXC computers who also bought PXC computer-related products, such as printers, was larger last year than the previous year.

C
Among computer buyers who bought a PXC computer to replace their existing computer, the proportion who were replacing a computer made by a competitor of PXC was greater last year than the previous year.

D
The proportion of PXC computers bought by first-time computer buyers was smaller last year than the previous year.

E
PXC's production costs for its computers were lower last year than they had been the previous year.

想知道C和D之间 为什么最后选D

RichardVeritas

Sueyu 发表于 2017-9-2 10:03
谢谢~ 有个逻辑题想要请教一下，谢谢~
First-time computer buyers buying PXC home computers typically b ...

此题没给论点，陈述一些事实。但其中有逻辑关系
First-time computer buyers - smaller profit margin per computer
People replacing their computers - higher profit margin per computer
Last year profits from computer sales were substantially higher 尽管其它都没变 the same number of PXC computers were sold，the prices and profit margins for each computer model that PXC sells remained unchanged。卖的数量不变。每台卖的电脑价格利润没变。

问必然推导出什么？
顺着这些逻辑关系，必然推导出去年买主中有更多的People replacing their computers。如果这个也没变，不好解释为什么利润增加。
就是D The proportion of PXC computers bought by first-time computer buyers was smaller last year than the previous year. 换了一个说法 - 去年买主中有更少的 first-time computer buyers.

看下C的问题
Among computer buyers who bought a PXC computer to replace their existing computer, the proportion who were replacing a computer made by a competitor of PXC was greater last year than the previous year.

1. 逻辑推理中我们不能跳跃。没有条件让我们去判断在People replacing their computers这个范围内是什么情况，所以任何关于这个范围内的猜测都是无法从题干中得到的。2. C的逻辑也不对。在People replacing their computers中，这些人原本是用PXC还是竞争对手，都没有关系，她们带给PXC的利润都是一样的。题干中并没有说原本用PXC的买电脑有优惠。

简单说下别的答案问题：
A 前提已说the same number of PXC computers were sold， 和销量无关
B 无关，考核的是profits from computer sales were substantially higher，其它销售无关
E 前提已说profit margins for each computer model that PXC sells remained unchanged， 和成本无关


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https://forum.chasedream.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1304934&fromuid=1294035

会长美美哒

来一题～
Capital punishment is a barbaric and outdated practice. If it were possible to ascertain guilt without a shadow of doubt， certain situations would surely warrant the death penalty; as it is, however, capital punishment is never justified _______

(A) because out legal system offers alternative punishments.
(B) because it eliminates the possibility of rehabilitation.
(C)considering the cultural and political implications of the death penalty.
(D) as long as the possibility exists of convicting an innocent party.
(E) due to our culture's lack of uniform morality.

===
这题，一来意思就没看懂。death penalty 跟capital punishment 没联系上来呀。谢谢！OA：D

RichardVeritas

会长美美哒 发表于 2017-9-3 12:59
来一题～
Capital punishment is a barbaric and outdated practice. If it were possible to ascertain gu ...

我选D

death penalty 跟capital punishment 是同一个意思 - capital 这里指的是人头  （经常看到大家说这个词那个用法没看懂。其实capital punishment这个说法我以前也没见过，但是从句中语义逻辑来猜，应该这两个是同一意思。可以按这个假设去解题，不应该被一个用法或词语挡住。capital我们常见资本，首都，都是重要的东西，那读过这句话，发现还有capital punishment这样说法，可以看这样语言符合逻辑，我们就学习了这个语言用法，而不是卡壳在这。）

Conclusion:　死刑不好。
Logic：
1.
a. 如果能完全确认，
b. 一些情况可以完全适用(warrant)死刑。

2)　但是，在现实中(as it is )死刑从来都不能被完全合理化(justified), 因为?

1中a->b是充分条件。要反驳，必须得反驳1a.  D就是指出现实不能完全确认，有错判的可能性。
如果辩论的话，应该看到D是针锋相对，而其它答案都没有。

会长美美哒

RichardVeritas 发表于 2017-9-3 23:46
我选D

death penalty 跟capital punishment 是同一个意思 - capital 这里指的是人头  （经常看到大家说 ...

嗨呀谢谢！恁是没有去搜那个词。原来如此。一来就傻傻以为是罚钱！
维基如下：Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a government sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime.

这样这道题瞬间通了～ 其实是个削弱题，找”不能完全确认“

RichardVeritas

会长美美哒 发表于 2017-9-4 10:35
嗨呀谢谢！恁是没有去搜那个词。原来如此。一来就傻傻以为是罚钱！
维基如下：Capital punishment, also  ...

但是重点是要能根据上下语义猜出它的意思，你懂的

会长美美哒

Columnist: In these times of fiscal correctness, it is heresy to call for expansionary fiscal policy to revive the economy. Yet sound economic principles call for such a prescription, even if it sounds like the wild cry of a slump-struck corporation bothered only about its bottom line.

Which of the following, if true, would most support the author’s views on fiscal policy?

A. In the past, most governments have adopted a conservative attitude in the face of an economic slump.
B. An expansionary fiscal policy would be welcomed by companies that have been overwhelmed by the slump.
C. An expansionary fiscal policy leading to more expenditure would encourage the revival of a depressed economy
D. Sound economic principles suggest that to increase fiscal expenditure during a depression would raise the import bill and adversely affect the trade deficit.
E. Fiscal policy is often used to provoke a reaction in the market.

OA :C楼主，这题又是读不懂题意

会长美美哒

这道题，楼主看选啥？看了答案 不服～！