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楼主: RichardVeritas
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Richard 770 逻辑答题讨论

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41#
发表于 2017-8-28 10:24:35 | 只看该作者
"In recent years, a village outside Osaka, Japan has taken to hosting a ninja festival, a celebration of Japan’s heritage that reflects on its feudal past while exalting its pop culture driven present. But clearly only children take this festival seriously, for they are the only attendees who bother to dress up as ninjas.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A, Any attendee who dresses up as a ninja takes the festival seriously.
B, No attendee who takes the festival seriously would fail to dress up as a ninja.
C, Anyone who is not dressed up as a ninja is not attending the festival
D,The festival organizers have instituted a ninja-themed dress code.
E, If an attendee is not dressed as a ninja, then that attendee will not be taken seriously by other attendees."

楼主请问下这道题!看看怎么思考的哈!
42#
 楼主| 发表于 2017-8-28 11:02:07 | 只看该作者
会长美美哒 发表于 2017-8-28 10:24
"In recent years, a village outside Osaka, Japan has taken to hosting a ninja festival, a celebratio ...

我会选B

论点论据,注意for

clearly only children take this festival seriously, for they are the only attendees who bother to dress up as ninjas.

这个要读出必要关系。
只有children do 1(take this festival seriously),因为只有children do 2(dress up as ninjas)

言下之意,
所有do 1(take this festival seriously)的人,必须要do 2(dress up as ninjas)
同样
只有do 2(dress up as ninjas)的人,才算do 1(take this festival seriously)的人

2 是 1 的必要条件。

A 2是1 的充分条件,没有这个假设
B 没有一个do 1(take this festival seriously)的人,会不do 2(dress up as ninjas)

所有do 1(take this festival seriously)的人,必须要do 2(dress up as ninjas)
是同一个意思

C 不do 2的人,脱离这个必要关系,无关
D 无关
E that attendee will not be taken seriously by other attendees. 和do 1(take this festival seriously)无关
43#
发表于 2017-8-28 12:40:17 | 只看该作者
RichardVeritas 发表于 2017-8-28 11:02
我会选B

论点论据,注意for

答案对的!还是有问题
1,我觉得原文的逻辑,是 dress--》seriously
所以选项A就顺着推了。

2,开始搞不懂充分必要了。。之前做assumption的题,完全没想过具体充分必要条件的定义。只是在想这个选项有没有必要出现,A-B成立是否需要它。

其实有一种挑一个选项,补gap的感觉呢。 A--B   A+任意选项--B
这样的情况下,正确选项不该是充分条件吗。。




现在倒还弄混了。

谢谢!


44#
发表于 2017-8-28 16:56:03 | 只看该作者
会长美美哒 发表于 2017-8-28 12:40
答案对的!还是有问题
1,我觉得原文的逻辑,是 dress--》seriously
所以选项A就顺着推了。

我刚开始这个题也选的C(第一遍看的时候),后来看到大牛的解释发现C选项attend festival和take festival seriously完全不是一码事。
你的问题我有些没看懂,期待大牛的回复。
大家在一起交流,这个帖子会造福越来越多的人,
再次感谢牛牛!
45#
发表于 2017-8-29 08:35:06 | 只看该作者
小仙女rachel 发表于 2017-8-28 16:56
我刚开始这个题也选的C(第一遍看的时候),后来看到大牛的解释发现C选项attend festival和take festival ...

哈 我没选C哟。我只是说平时推理的话,A-B,加任意一个条件或选项 ,代号C  改改~
我当时选的A。
46#
 楼主| 发表于 2017-8-29 08:58:56 | 只看该作者
But clearly only children take this festival seriously, for they are the only attendees who bother to dress up as ninjas.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A, Any attendee who dresses up as a ninja takes the festival seriously.
B, No attendee who takes the festival seriously would fail to dress up as a ninja.
C, Anyone who is not dressed up as a ninja is not attending the festival

没明白你们问题在哪。

只有children 1(take this festival seriously),因为只有children 2(dress up as ninjas)
这个必要关系要先确定。
举个例子,我们那时大学毕业要过英文四级才能拿毕业证。所以过英文四级, 是拿毕业证的必要条件。这个可以几种表达:
只有这些人可以拿毕业证,因为只有他们过了英文四级。

只有过了英文四级,才能拿毕业证

所有毕业证的人,一定英文过了四级

没有一个拿毕业证的人,英文没过四级 (这个就和答案B是一样的说法)

1 是2的充分条件 == 1-》2 但不保证 2-》1
2是1的必要条件==1-》2 但不保证 2-》1

C是无关, not attending the festival和take this festival seriously 逻辑范畴不一样,题中没说。

所谓逻辑漏洞,如果增强或减弱,就是补充或找出漏洞。
如果题目让我们从已给条件推导,我们的思维就不能跳跃,一定是像三段论那样推导,例如1 是2的充分条件 , 拿我们可以从1 推到2.

这个题目说法的假设就是 2是1的必要条件。

也不知道说清楚了没有,try 了



47#
发表于 2017-8-29 12:23:28 | 只看该作者
RichardVeritas 发表于 2017-8-29 08:58
But clearly only children take this festival seriously, for they are the only attendees who bother t ...

谢谢楼主!
充分啊必要啊,时不时一左一右已经拎不清了。没习惯这个方法。

所以。还是采用一招致命,取反搞定!今天想起搜搜这题,有了~
取反:Not every attendee who dresses up as a ninja takes the festival seriously.
Here, it is still possible that the children dressed as ninjas are the only attendees who take the festival seriously.

48#
 楼主| 发表于 2017-8-30 10:37:58 | 只看该作者
取反思路是对的,可以帮助理解。
看下这个图,表达这个题的必要关系。里面小框是外面大框的充分条件,外面大框是里面小框的必要条件。
为什么说"Dress up"是“take seriously"的必要条件呢?
题目说:只有孩子“take seriously", 因为他们"Dress up".
第一个"只有"表达了必要的关系,后面给出的原因是必须要满足的。否则就没有前面的”只有“了。
如果取反理解,就是说: 如果人不"Dress up",就不“take seriously"。用图来理解,在外面大框外面,自然不可能在小框里。所以大框是小框的必要条件。
但是大框不是小框的充分条件,因为还是可以有"Dress up"的人,并不“take seriously"。
尽管这个题目说事实上只有孩子"Dress up",没有提到其它"Dress up"的人, 所以题目中没说这些人会不会“take seriously",但逻辑上没有表达这个充分关系,也不需要这个充分关系。答案问的是作者这么推论,逻辑上需要什么假设?必要关系就是这个假设了。

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49#
发表于 2017-8-31 11:21:46 | 只看该作者
你好楼主~
想请教您一道题
The gill lining of lobsters in which the disease-causing parasite An. haemophila resides is completely regenerated every 30 days. The An. haemophila parasite typically produces moderate discoloration of the gills of infected lobsters, and can occasionally lead to more chronic symptoms. However, because these parasites cannot transfer directly from infected gill lining to newly generated gill lining in their host lobster, any discoloration appearing on the gills of lobsters more than 30 days after they have been moved to parasite-free water is not due to infection by An. haemophila.

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?

(A) Other parasites are found more frequently in lobsters than An. haemophila.

(B) Lobsters that remain in parasite-rich waters can be re-infected by new An. haemophila parasites once newly generated gill lining
has been produced.

(C) An. haemophila can also cause digestive and respiratory distress in infected lobsters.

(D) In some cases An. haemophila migrates from the gill lining to the stomach, where it can then re-infect its original host.

(E) Once infected by a particular parasite, lobsters frequently develop a strong immunity to that parasite allowing them to better resist re-infection.感觉这道题原文涉及的信息非常多,虽然看了答案能够理解,可是第一遍做题的时候应该怎么才能快速的理清逻辑关系呢?
请楼主指教谢谢

50#
 楼主| 发表于 2017-8-31 23:23:44 | 只看该作者
半夏冬忍 发表于 2017-8-31 11:21
你好楼主~
想请教您一道题
The gill lining of lobsters in which the disease-causing parasite An. haemo ...

答案是D?

个人意见:
此题应该是难题。目标可以是不看答案2-3分钟做出来。题目比较难读懂,但读懂之后,答案选项中还是比较好排出。

我也是题目读了几遍才读清楚里面的逻辑链。读题是看这些关键信息:
gill is regenerated every 30 days
parasite A discolors the gill
parasite A can't transfer directly from infected gill to newly generated gill
30 days after in parasite-free water.

把这些关键信息在脑海里一块分析,可以理解作者的论点,论据
论点:
30 days after in parasite-free water, the discoloration on the gills is not due to parasite A.
龙虾放在无虫水域中30天后,gills上产生的褪色不是虫造成的

论据/逻辑链:
gill 每30天重生-> 30天后的gill是新产生出来的
parasite A can't transfer directly from infected gill to newly generated gill -> 虫不能直接从已感染gill爬到新产生出来的gill
两个条件结合->在无虫水中,原来可以有虫在gill上,但gill30天后会新长出(原来有虫的gill不管,可能会死掉),而虫又不能直接爬到新gill上,所以新gill上应该没虫->褪色不是虫的原因

找茬:
读出逻辑链后,琢磨一下,好像漏洞不明显,看答案

D 针对的是假设中的直接parasite A can't transfer directly from infected gill to newly generated gill
D说:虫可以从gill爬到胃里,然后再爬回gill里。那这样就可以从病gill爬到胃里,新gill产生后,在从胃里爬到新gill.
没有反对作者假设(不能直接从病gill爬到新gill),但指出一种可能性让作者的假设无法推到结论.
其它答案无关特性明显,和之前帖子分析类似,从逻辑链中事物之一往别的方向衍生,而和逻辑链思路无关。

总结:
这种难读懂的题应该会多花时间,所以把简单题做快做准,多点时间给这种题。
如果想做出来,肯定要读懂作者的论点和论据(逻辑链,为什么论据可以推到论点)。读题时要有敏感,什么是相关信息,什么不是可以忽略,第一遍不一定看出来,可以逐步筛选。把逻辑相关信息看明白了结合想其中逻辑。
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