Richard 770 逻辑答题讨论

RichardVeritas

再贴个从我带同学训练中的题

Theater Critic: The play La Finestrina, now at Central Theater, was written in Italy in the eighteenth century. The director claims that this production is as similar to the original production as is possible in a modern theater. Although the actor who plays Harlequin the clown gives a performance very reminiscent of the twentieth‐century American comedian Groucho Marx, Marx’s comic style was very much within the comic acting tradition that had begun in sixteenth‐century Italy.

The considerations given best serve as part of an argument that
(A) modern audiences would find it hard to tolerate certain characteristics of a historically accurate performance of an eighteenth‐century play
(B) Groucho Marx once performed the part of the character Harlequin in La Finestrina
(C) in the United States the training of actors in the twentieth century is based on principles that do not differ radically from those that underlay the training of actors in eighteenth‐century Italy
(D) the performance of the actor who plays Harlequin in La Finestrina does not serve as evidence against the director’s claim
(E) the director of La Finestrina must have advised the actor who plays Harlequin to model his performance on comic performances of Groucho Marx

首先看清the consideration指代的是什么。是TC Although...后面这句话。
看懂TC对Director claim是一个什么态度。

提干：
Director： 戏剧演意大利18世纪演的原汁原味
TC： 尽管演H像20世纪美国喜剧家GM，但是GM风格也是符合意大利16世纪以来的喜剧风格。

所以TC态度是支持Director的，先让步肯定比别人可能提出的一个疑问，然后反驳这个疑问。意大利18世纪的原剧在意大利16世纪以来的范畴之内。

这题如果考黑体字作用，也要看清TC这种做法逻辑。

D正确
A, B 无关这个consideration
C,E 不一定成立，也不是TC的论点

RichardVeritas

Mel: The official salary for judges has always been toolow to attract the best candidates to the job. The legislature's move to raisethe salary has done nothing to improve the situation, because it was coupledwith a ban on receiving money for lectures and teaching engagements. Pat: No,the raise in salary really does improve the situation. Since very few judgesteach or give lectures, the ban will have little or no negative effect.

Pat's response to Mel is inadequate in that it

A. attempts to assess how a certain change will affectpotential members of a group by providing evidence about its effect on thecurrent members.

B. mistakenly takes the cause of a certain change to be aneffect of that change

C. attempts to argue that a certain change will have apositive effect merely by pointing to the absence of negative effects

D. simply denies Mel's claim without putting forward anyevidence in support of that denial

E. assumes that changes that benefit the most able membersof a group necessarily benefit all members of that group.

这个题有一定难度。先读懂M和说的话。

M说工资太低，吸引不到人才。最近的加工资决定改善不够，因为有限制不允许法官去做收费讲座

P反驳：加工资决定可以，不允许法官去做收费讲座的限制没什么问题，因为大部分法官都不去做讲座。

提干问P反驳M什么地方不够好？

这个题问的角度还是有些难度。刚读过去P反驳的不错，但提干问P反驳的问题。我想了以后意识到P说”因为大部分法官都不去做讲座”这有问题，因为现在的法官不去做不代表要吸引来的人才/新法官没有这个需要。

正确答案：A说的就是这个错误currentmembers vs potential members

这题预想不一定可以想到，更重要是看答案时要能看懂指代。像A的意思，即使没想到，看到答案要能看懂

B. 本末倒置，但P没这个错误

C. 凭说没问题就说一个东西好，P没这个错误

D. 只是反驳而不提供证据，P没这个错误

E. 说一个对最能干的成员有力的变化会适用于所有成员，P没这么说

Coolblue

楼主，请教一个问题

A recent survey of all auto accident victims in Dole County found that, of the severely injured drivers and front-seat passengers, 80% were not wearing seat belt at the time of their accidents. This indicate that, by wearing seat belt, drivers and front-seat passengers can greatly reduce their risk of being severely injured if they are in an auto accident.
The conclusion above is not properly drawn unless which of the following is true?
(a) Of all the drivers and front-seat passengers in the survey, more than 20% were wearing seat belt at the time of the their accidents.
(b) Considerably more than 20% of drivers and front-seat passengers in Dole County always wear seat belts when traveling by car.
(c) More drivers and front seat passengers in the survey than rear-seat passenger were very severely injured.
(d) More than half of the drivers and front-seat passengers in the survey were not wearing seat belt at the time of their accidents.
(e) Most of the auto accidents reported to police in Dole County do not involve serious injury.


[conclusion]   in accidents, wearing seat belt can greatly reduce the risk of being severely injured for drivers and front-seat passengers
问strengthen
[gap]
不系安全带受重伤的人多 & 系安全带受重伤的人不一定少
不系安全带受重伤 & 系了安全带不一定受轻伤

(a) 比较对象错了，应该是重伤的人里20%系了安全带。所以从人数更少上说，系安全带可以降低风险。但A说整个survey的人中有超过20%的人系了安全带，但又怎么样呢？又没有说这些人受的是轻伤啊？
(b) 没出事故，无法看出安全带的作用加强结论
(c) 没说后排乘客的安全带，结论里也没有后排乘客
(d) survey里超过一半的人没系安全带。这个有意思，因为survey的都是交通事故的人，可以得出发生事故时，没系安全带的人比系了安全带的人多，但也不能说安全带就是原因。
(e) 没有提到安全带

不知道为什么正确答案选A，谢谢~

RichardVeritas

Coolblue 发表于 2017-11-18 11:12
楼主，请教一个问题

A recent survey of all auto accident victims in Dole County found that, of the s ...

这个题目考的还是挺tricky的。
论据：对所有出车祸人调查。前排乘客人群中严重受伤的，80%没寄安全带。
论点：如果他们寄安全带，就不会严重受伤。

题目是问一个必要条件，就是假设。
A 正确。调查中所有前排乘客，>20%是寄安全带的。
相对论据中"前排乘客人群中严重受伤的", 所有前排乘客是个全集.如果A否定，那么全集中>80%人没寄安全带，就是说比子集合"前排乘客人群中严重受伤的"80%没寄安全带，还要高。这样子集合"前排乘客人群中没有严重受伤的"要>80%人没寄安全带。如果这样的话，没寄安全带这个行为就从数据上无法决定严重受伤。
归纳一下：
说子集合中某个特有属性是因为某个数据高。那如果这个数据总集合中平均值比子集合中还要高，那怎么能说子集合中这个特有属性是因为这个数据高造成的呢？

答案换种写法是：所有前排乘客中<80%人没寄安全带. D 不对，说的是高于50%。那有可能高于80%，错误。

Coolblue

说是个assumption ，用否定法来排除，我就理解了，谢谢！

w76o09n21e48a

感谢分享！               

w76o09n21e48a

感谢分享！               

1984NY

Mark一下！               

vicccgo

RichardVeritas 发表于 2017-8-6 10:08
Springfield Fire Commissioner: the vast majority of false fire alarms are prank calls made anonymous ...

同意！