Richard 770 逻辑答题讨论

karen0128

RichardVeritas 发表于 2017-10-3 23:55
看下John的逻辑链：
早上没看见练举重/肌肉的，只看见练健身操/减肥的。
Blown 主要生产练肌肉的保健品

明白了！灰常感谢~

找漏洞这个思路好，非常感谢~ 我再做几道题感受感谢~~

Lunafang

In setting environmental standards for industry and others to meet, it is inadvisable to require the best results that state-of-the-art technology can achieve. Current technology is able to detect and eliminate even extremely minute amounts of
contaminants, but at a cost that is exorbitant relative to the improvement achieved. So it would be reasonable instead to set standards by taking into account all of the current and future risks involved.
The argument given concerning the reasonable way to set standards presupposes that
A. industry currently meets the standards that have been set by environmental authorities
B. there are effective ways to take into account all of the relevant risks posed by allowing different levels of contaminants
C. the only contaminants worth measuring are generated by industry
D. it is not costly to prevent large amounts of contaminants from entering the environment
E. minute amounts of some contaminants can be poisonous

Richard 麻烦你帮忙看下这个题目的提问方式？The argument given concerning the reasonable way to set standards presupposes that 我怎么找不到谓语，囧。。。

Lunafang

Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains at many archaeological sites in Europe and Asia. The only place where the wild form of emmer wheat has been found growing is a relatively narrow strip of southwest Asia. Since the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip, it is clear that emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A.  The present-day distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.
B.  Wild emmer wheat can easily be made to yield nearly as much as modern domestic strains.
C.  At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated.
D. In the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.
E.  It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia

楼主你好：这道逻辑题干我的理解如下：
一些农业遗迹中发现有种植小麦的痕迹， 而仅仅在南亚的一个狭小地带发现了野生小麦， 同时目前发现的最古老的种植小麦也是在那里种植的，
结论：因此种植小麦第一次培育就是在这个狭小地带被培育出来的。

说实在的我不太理解这其中的逻辑链，为什么能得出这个结论呢？
目前发现的最早的不代表就是最早的呀。如果还有更早的种植小麦残骸没被发现，而这些小麦可能在其他地方有呢。麻烦楼主分析下这个因果逻辑链呢。

还有正确答案说的气候问题，我感觉很容易被当成无关选项pass掉呢，请问下楼主是怎么思考这个题的呢，感谢！！

RichardVeritas

Lunafang 发表于 2017-10-11 10:57
In setting environmental standards for industry and others to meet, it is inadvisable to require the ...

The argument given concerning the reasonable way to set standards presupposes that

given concerning the reasonable way to set standards 一起修饰The argument。谓语就是presupposes ，应该和assumes 一个意思问。就是问逻辑假设什么。

我会选B。作者论点是So it would be reasonable instead to set standards by taking into account all of the current and future risks involved.
B 说的是可以这么做到的。如果实际不可行，当然论点也不成立。
老实说B中的risks posed by allowing different levels of contaminants，我没有看特别明白放在这里的含义。这个是OG题吗？

RichardVeritas

Lunafang 发表于 2017-10-11 18:09
Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains at many arc ...

你对题干的理解都是对的。

“说实在的我不太理解这其中的逻辑链，为什么能得出这个结论呢？目前发现的最早的不代表就是最早的呀。如果还有更早的种植小麦残骸没被发现，而这些小麦可能在其他地方有呢。”
你想的没错。作者根据这些线索做出一个判断，当然有假设。像你说的，如果还有更早的种植小麦残骸如果在其它地方被发现，自然推翻这个结论。

你为什么对这有困惑呢？如果题干没有任何漏洞，怎么可能出题呢？没有任何漏洞的逻辑像3段论那样，现实生活中事物却要复杂的多。

正确答案
D. In the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.

排除我会选D，因为其它更明显无关。但我也没想明白为什么气候有支持。看了下英文网上一些解释，理解了。
题干说野麦在这块被发现，并没有说是在远古农业开始时被发现，而是现在在这块。那就有这个疑问了，远古农业开始时，在最古老的种植小麦之前，野麦也长在在这块吗？答案说气候没变，支持这个条件野麦那时就可以长在这里。
逻辑有时还是很绕的。有比较好的逻辑观后，考时正面想不出来，就排除更有把握的无关，然后跟着感觉走了

Lunafang

RichardVeritas 发表于 2017-10-12 02:50
The argument given concerning the reasonable way to set standards presupposes that

given concerni ...

谢谢Richard 明白了，原来是对presuppose这个词不熟悉。

这是og 2017 verbal上的一道题。

risks posed by allowing different levels of contaminants这个直译确实有点绕口，意思应该就是：存在有效的措施可以考虑到所有的由不同程度的污染物造成的相关风险。   不知道对不对？

Lunafang

RichardVeritas 发表于 2017-10-12 04:17
你对题干的理解都是对的。

“说实在的我不太理解这其中的逻辑链，为什么能得出这个结论呢？目前发现的最 ...

谢谢Richard，我想我明白了自己为什么会有这样的疑问了。我读这个题目的时候发现它有很多的gap,如果让我削弱我可能会比较好理解，可是这个题目是让我们加强，所以我第一反应是这么多gap怎么加强呢？意识上感觉就有困难。
现在我理了一下自己的思路就完全理解了。  d选项是通过弥补argument的一个gap来加强的。

这个argument主要有两个大gap:
gap1.目前发现野生小麦仅出现在南亚的一个狭小地带，并不能证明野麦最早就在这个狭小地带。万一在发现之前由于各种原因比如气候突变等问题导致野麦从其他适应它生长的地方迁到了这块适应它生长的地方，那么就会削弱原文的结论。
gap2:目前发现的最古老的种植小麦也在这个狭小地带种植出来的,不能证明最早的种植小麦就在这里。如果还有更早的种植小麦残骸没被发现，则可能最早的种植小麦是在其他地方呢。那么也会削弱原文的结论。

选项d说发现野麦的狭小地带气候条件改变很小。弥补了第一个gap.证明野麦一直有条件生长在这个狭小地带，加强结论。

RichardVeritas

Lunafang 发表于 2017-10-12 14:54
谢谢Richard，我想我明白了自己为什么会有这样的疑问了。我读这个题目的时候发现它有很多的gap,如果让我削 ...

?

如你所说，GMAT里题干肯定要有GAP。不然没有可能分析逻辑。然后可以考削弱或增强。削弱你就找茬，增强就帮补漏洞／补茬。

RichardVeritas

Lunafang 发表于 2017-10-12 14:04
谢谢Richard 明白了，原来是对presuppose这个词不熟悉。

这是og 2017 verbal上的一道题。

重要是看懂given 修饰The argument ，concerning the reasonable way to set standards 是说关于什么的argument， 之后哪怕没见过presupposes，也能猜出词大概意思。词有pre 词头，有单数结尾，都帮助猜

all of the relevant risks posed by allowing different levels of contaminants 好翻译。只是它和前面所说的事物之间的逻辑关系不是特别明显。Current technology is able to detect and eliminate even extremely minute amounts of contaminants, but at a （really expensive）cost.....then... taking into account all of the current and future risks. 所以different levels of contaminants关系不是特别明显。应该就是说允许所有大小污染物（包括前面提到的微小污染物，看上去越小越难检测）。但是这个也不是特别重要，不影响这题做题。

Lunafang

RichardVeritas 发表于 2017-10-12 20:59
重要是看懂given 修饰The argument ，concerning the reasonable way to set standards 是说关于什么的ar ...

是的，应该是你这样理解的感谢耐心解答