Richard 770 逻辑答题讨论

小仙女rachel

RichardVeritas 发表于 2017-8-22 10:55
"下午做题做的很好了！！时间也控制在1‘40‘’左右！"
很高兴能有所帮助，恭喜恭喜！找到感觉时，要趁热打 ...

谢谢！！
还有一个问题，就是还是昨天那道题：
(B) The first is a consideration raised to support the strategy that the argument recommends; the second presents that strategy.
C) The first is a consideration raised to help explain the popularity of a certain strategy; the second presents that strategy.
请问这B/C两个选项，后面都说B2是the strategy，为什么B选项里的B2表示的就是c呢？
如果是B1 is one reason why B2的话为什么不可以说成是B1 support B2呢？

小仙女rachel

再次感谢，顶！

RichardVeritas

小仙女rachel 发表于 2017-8-22 21:26
谢谢！！
还有一个问题，就是还是昨天那道题：
(B) The first is a consideration raised to support the ...

"为什么不可以说成是B1 support B2呢？"
是可以，这不是错的地方。
错的地方是B2不是作者推荐的。
答案B. the strategy that the argument recommends; the second presents that strategy
但是作者推荐的是
Consequently, the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price. 利润最大化其实应比最高价降低些

这类题型最重要是把抽象的指代对好号。第一看出几个事物之间的关系，像B1支持B2，但作者推荐的是另一个c.  第二答案中把抽象指代对号题目中的事物。

RichardVeritas

OG 18 CR 68
In the past, most children who went sledding in the winter snow in Verland used wooden sleds with runners and steering bars. Ten years ago, smooth plastic sleds became popular; they go faster than wooden sleds but are harder to steer and slow. The concern that plastic sleds are more dangerous is clearly borne out by the fact that the number of children injured while sledding was much higher last winter than it was ten years ago.

Which of the following, if true in Verland, most seriously undermines the force of the evidence cited?
A. A few children still use traditional wooden sleds.
B. Very few children wear any kind of protective gear, such as helmets, while sledding.
C. Plastic sleds can be used in a much wider variety of snow conditions than wooden sleds can.
D. Most sledding injuries occur when a sled collides with a tree, a rock, or another sled.
E. Because the traditional wooden sled can carry more than one rider, an accident involving a wooden sled can result in several children being injured.


1. 找出argument & line of argument
去年儿童滑雪受伤人数高于10年前，（近来塑料滑板比木板更流行），所以塑料滑板比木板更危险

2. 分析逻辑
两个逻辑事物
a 塑料滑板使用更多造成儿童滑雪受伤人数高于10年前（那时用木板）
b 塑料滑板比木板更危险

GAP 找茬 - (有什么原因a推不到b) 例如，如果去年滑雪儿童人数大大高于10年前。

3. 答案
C - 答案 这个和想到的Gap类似。塑料滑板比木板可用的滑雪天气更广泛。也就是说同样冬天时间，儿童滑雪人次数更多。
如果按归类学习逻辑错误，可以把这个归纳为总量和百分比的类别内。但是底层还是一样，说的是两个不一样的东西。总量和百分比只是这两样东西之间的一个重要区别而已。如果读出这两个东西是什么，想想有什么不一样，看到C时，会比较容易看到C指出的区别。

其它无关答案，A,B,D,都之和a或者b相关，更像context.  好比说塑料滑板如何漂亮，滑雪如何舒适爽快，价格如何之类。或和滑雪安全相关，但并不比较塑料滑板和木板之间的安全。
想想出题者，出安全的错误选项，大部分只能从这些角度找。此外，权威也可以混淆。一个常见错误就是权威不决定逻辑。

E 看似说木板更危险，同时可以有几个孩子受伤。但是1）它不是针对作者论据来反对。题目问undermines the force of the evidence cited。2）不管同时可以有几个孩子受伤，前提假设"去年儿童滑雪受伤人数高于10年前"是成立的。分开受伤或同时受伤，如果总数多，还是可以说更危险。

如果用正确的逻辑思维去聚焦在a和b,以及它们之间的gap上，C是一个明显好很多的答案，所以不用在E这样的答案上过多推敲。考试中更重要的是思路感觉，快速准确地做题，把时间挤出来给更难的题目和部分，像语法。

Martingu

顶楼主！               

小仙女rachel

Experts estimate that insurance companies' tardiness in paying doctors for legitimate medical claims adds approximately 10 percent in overhead costs for physicians. Insurance companies counter that the tardiness sometimes results from billing errors made by the doctors themselves. Since dealing with these billing errors costs the insurance companies time and money, it is clear that insurance companies do not have a significant economic incentive to delay claim payments to doctors.

Which of the following pieces of information, if true, weakens the conclusion above?



  Some doctors who submit accurate bills to insurance companies still receive tardy payments.


  The cost to the insurance companies to process incorrect bills from doctors' offices is roughly equivalent to the increased costs that physicians accrue as a result of tardy payments from insurance companies.


  A rising proportion of medical claims submitted by doctors to insurance companies are deemed illegitimate by those insurance companies.


  The billing errors made by doctors' offices are typically very minor, such as the submission of a claim with an outdated patient home address.


  The overhead costs incurred by doctors as a result of delayed insurance payments result in an increase in the premiums paid by consumers to health insurance companies that far exceeds any increase in the fees paid to doctors by insurance companies.

小仙女rachel

又来麻烦大牛了，今天第一次做曼哈顿模考，错了一半的CR。
感觉在考试计时这种条件下就看不进去题了，看到一个题，两分钟做不出来就开始乱选了。
9.7就考试了。

上面是我模考的时候做错的一道题，但是不知道为什么选E，
现在大脑一片空白，
望指教

RichardVeritas

小仙女rachel 发表于 2017-8-26 17:02
Experts estimate that insurance companies' tardiness in paying doctors for legitimate medical claims ...

先读出结论和论据

结论 - 注意 Since。之前两句话都是context。
因为这些延误会让保险公司花钱/时间，保险公司不会因为经济原因来延误给医生的付账

简单看下前面思路：
a 这些延误会让保险公司花钱/时间
b 保险公司不会因为经济原因来延误给医生的付账 （如果不延误，会给保险公司省钱）

答案E填补中间漏洞。延误造成“消费者为保险公司支付的保险金的增加”，超过“保险公司付给医生的费用的增加”。那这样保险公司不是还是有利可图吗？

别的错误答案和以前思路类似，不和a和b之间的连接发生关系，无关。
这段时间上CD不是很勤。有问题也可以私信我。

关于B选项：
bill错误让保险公司多花的费用，和bill延误让医生多花的费用，相当
B是比较“保险公司多花的费用”和“医生多花的费用”。不解决问的问题"保险公司有没有经济动机来延误给医生的付账"。十字路口，往左走，bill错误，保险公司多花费用. 它不干。往右走，bill延误，医生多花费用，而保险公司费用不增加（它没付）。保险公司当然选择延误。这个没有任何削弱

做题中看到E这么好的选项，其它选项可以扫一下就move on.

小仙女rachel

Prep2012-Pack1-CR-064 VCR003810 Hard
Agricultural societies cannot exist without staple crops. Several food plants, such as kola and okra, are known to have been domesticated in western Africa, but they are all supplemental, not staple, foods. All the recorded staple crops grown in western Africa were introduced from elsewhere, beginning, at some unknown date, with rice and yams. Therefore, discovering when rice and yarns were introduced into western Africa would establish the earliest date at which agricultural societies could have arisen there.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. People in western Africa did not develop staple crops that they stopped cultivating once rice and yams were introduced.
B. There are no plants native to western Africa that, if domesticated, could serve as staple food crops.
C. Rice and yams were grown as staple crops by the earliest agricultural societies outside of western Africa.
D. Kola and okra are better suited to growing conditions in western Africa than domesticated rice and yams are.
E. Kola and okra were domesticated in western Africa before rice and yams were introduced there.

我觉得牛牛这个帖子如果一直这么写下去，早晚会被斑竹看到加精的，现在才几天就已经有1000多的浏览量了。
不过如何私信牛牛呢?私信是微信吗？能否方便留下联系方式？
上面的一道题，B选项，我知道是重复了stimulus, 那么assumption题目是不可以重复stimulus吗？
如果把B选项取非了的话，好像直接和stimulus相反，是不可以出现这种情况吗？
感谢！

RichardVeritas

小仙女rachel 发表于 2017-8-28 09:29
Prep2012-Pack1-CR-064 VCR003810 Hard
Agricultural societies cannot exist without staple crops. Sever ...

先读出结论和论据

结论 - 注意 Therefore。 还要读出kola an okra和主题是无关的信息，因为它们不是staple corps （所以选项D和E可以让容易排出）

论点：找出啥时rice/yarns到西非，就知道西非的农业社会什么时候开始
论据：
1. 农业社会必须要有staple corps
2. 西非被记录的最早的staple corps就是rice/yarns到西非

简单看下前面思路：
a 西非被记录的最早的staple corps就是rice/yarns到西非,  农业社会存在又必须要有staple corps
b 西非的农业社会最早就是从rice/yarns到西非时开始

第一遍读过去感觉逻辑还严密。再仔细看下“被记录的”就是一个漏洞。那如果还有没被记录下的更早的staple corps?

我选答案A. 就是这个gap.  在rice/yarns到西非之前，已经有staple corps，只是后来停了。
注：上面回复我加上了对你B选项的解释