【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-1】

fpd

从今天开始每天一篇CR。
先贴上自己的作业：
he is less efficiency than others----he is not a good detective.

he is not uneficiency.
A


premise: the fulerene requires distincitve conditions of tempreture and pressure. nature fulerence exists in shungite.
conclusion : it can help geologist make a hypotheisis about the crust of the earth.
the fullerene in labotory is unsimilar with the one in nature.

the treatment is costly---it can't be justified.
it is not costly when compared with the cost of elderly people.
C

the group amount from A-W is larger than from S-A, ----the mortality rates of youth.
E.

the dolphin can be feed in pools, but the adult dolphin is healthy, young dolphin is not live as long as the wide dolphins.
there must be some disadvantages in young dolphin than the wide dolphin.

E.

蛮莫莫

solde

一、Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective
Premise: He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any
other detective on the police force.
Prephrase:1.though he has solved smaller percentages but the number of cases assigned to him is large.
2.his working time is short
Answer:A(割断因果)
二、background：Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite
premise：laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
Conclusion：this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
Prephrase: what the find of the laboratory is wrong.
Answer：D（他因）
三、background：On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.
premise：Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500
Conclusion：thus cannot be justified
Prephrase:the new progam can help to maintain good contion for a longer time
Answer：C(割断因果)
没时间了，剩下的明天来补~

solde

四、background: The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters. Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Premise: a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
Conclusion: The seasonal variation in group size
Prephrase:the voles do not suffer disease seariously to die
Answer:E(弥补gap)
五、background:A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
Premise: dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived
Conclusion: their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
Prephrase:the young’s competence of preying is poor
Answer:E(结合因果)
完了才发现弄得太冗长了哈，分析也不够细，下次要改进呢！

annieliu830

2012/12/20
1.
1）逻辑链
结论：Carl无能
原因：破案率比其他的都低
2）推测
类似于explain题？
从其他角度说明：破的案子难度都特别高
从原因处去攻击
3）选项分析
A正确
B无关（与题中提到的破案率无关）
C说carl与其他人一样，没有说明他们的不同，无法解释题中现象
D加强无能观点
E无关

2.
1）逻辑链
现象：实验室条件下，F物质需要特别的温度和压力
推理：可推论自然条件下形成F的地壳也有相同的状态（即温度和压力）
2）推测
问削弱
关键是要说明实验室条件下和自然条件下有什么不同，使得两者合成F的状态不同
应该与自然条件下发现时与shungite物质有关吧
3）选项分析
A无关
B无关
C正确
D无关
E加强

3.
1）逻辑链
原因：要花费12500，比原来的11000多
结论：不一定更理想，更好
2）推测
问削弱
原题是只从价格上来比，那么便从价格之外的其他原因来比，比如不会让人受摔伤精神上的折磨，因而很划算；或者说老人摔伤通常还会导致其他毛病，花的钱往往不止这么多。
3）选项分析：
A无关
B无关
C正确
D加强
E加强或无关

4.
1）逻辑链
现象：夏季到冬季，群居；春秋季，个体居
推论：以上是由季节性不同的死亡率所决定
2）推测
问支持
说明不同季节的死亡率不同，或者是有什么原因导致了不同季节的死亡率不同
3）选项分析
A春夏与题目中的现象不符，而且年轻的比例无关
B以年为单位做比较，无关，题目中是以一年中的不同季节做比较
C与题中的现象矛盾，题中说春秋季数目少，而选项里说数目多
D与题中现象矛盾
E正确，说明了是蛇的原因导致春秋季数目少

5
1）逻辑链
对比题型
第一批喂食的海豚健康且长寿
但这些喂食海豚的后代也野生海豚的后代寿命短的多
2）推测
Explain，要说明两者有什么不同才导致了不同的结果
比如说喂食导致第一代缺乏机会告诉自己后代自己找食的能力，而又只有一半的食物，所以使其寿命短
3）选项分析
A无关
B无关
C说两者相同的地方，无法得出两者不同的结论，无关
D无关，没有把喂食与后代存活率联系在一起。而且用only一词，更是为了强调喂食海豚与野生海豚差别不大。
E正确

flyhighest

云水

mark下 做完 错一个 时间不计

miffyhui

精炼：
Conclusion: carl is a incompetent detective
Premise1: carl only solved the smaller percent of the cases than other detectives
Stem: weaken
the cases that carl resolved are different from that of any other detectives
逻辑链：
1. background: the F first discovered in the lab, now they are discovered in nature
Premise: in the laboratory, synthesizing F need distinctive temperature and pressure
the Conclusion: evaluating the state of earth by using this case
stem: weaken
these two cases is incomparable.
A.out of scope B. out of scope  C.shungite, out of scope D.yeah E. shungite, out of scope
2.premise1: treatment for an elder people for injuries resulting from a fall cost 11000
Premise2: a equipment will decrease the elder people’ chances of falling, but it cost 12500
Conclusion: it cannot be justified
Stem: weaken
focus on the cost; maybe there are other thing influence the cost
A. opposing; B. out of scope; C. yeah; D.out of scope; E. opposing
3. Background : V has two or more litters
 remise: From spring through autumn, V lives in small groups. But , From autumn through winter, V lives in large groups
Conclusion: the seasonal variation in the mortality among young V
Stem: support
Seasonal variation------mortality
A.out of scope; B.out of scope; C.can’t explain the phenomenon; D. can’t explain the phenomenon; E.yeah
4.Fact1: there are feeding program that fish can be given to the dolphin many times
Fact2: the dolphins get half of their food
Fact3: these dolphins are healthy and long lived
Fact4: the offspring of these dolphins has a lower life expectancy than those of wild dolphins
Difference
A.out of scope ,this will influence both type of dolphin; B.out of scope; C.out of scope; D.out of scope; E.yeah

xuhailong

尝试

zxppx

1.    remise: He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years- only 1 out of 25- than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
Q: weaken
Inference: an incompetent detective≠ a smaller percentage of the cases
A: the most capable detective= the most difficult cases= a smaller percentage of the cases
B: There is no relationship with the condition about that he became the detective.
C: It strengthens the argument, instead of weakening.
D: Although we can see that Carl made progress during the 7 years, the answer provides no evidence to prove that he is not an incompetent detective.
E: Nothing provided can prove Carl is not an incompetent detective.

2.    Background: F can be found both in the laboratory and in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Premise: laboratory synthesis of F requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure.
Conclusion: the discovery helps geologists evaluate hypotheses about the state of crust at the time these naturally occurring F were formed.
Q: weaken
Inference: distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure in laboratory can not reveal the state of crust

3.    Background: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.
Premise: A new therapeutic program can reduce an elderly person’s chances of falling.
Conclusion: this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.
Q: weaken
Inference: even though $12,500 is greater than $11,000, the program is still justified.

4.    The seasonal variation, variation that most voles live in far smaller groups from spring through early autumn, can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
A: The seasonal variation influence snakes, a major predator of young voles. Thus, the fact results the variation of the population of voles.

5.    Because the dolphins that benefit from the program as adults spend much less time teaching their offspring to survive in the wild than do other adult dolphins, the young have a lower life expectancy than those of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.