【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-1】

我心匪席

1)Time: 19”

2)Situation:

Premise: Carl hassolved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned tohim in the last 3 years —only 1 out of 25—than anyother detective on the police force.
Conclusion: Carlis clearly an incompetent detective.

3)Prephrase: Carl took some extremely difficult cases to detect

4)A----right

B----irrelevant

C----support

D----irrelevant

E----irrelevant

【逻辑链】

2.Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.  Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.


Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.1

(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.
(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.
(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.
(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.
(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.





1)Time: 30”

2)Situation:

Background: Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.

Premise: Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure

Conclusion: This discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

3)Prephrase: Lab cannot simulate the same condition under which the fullerenes formed.

4)A----support

B----irrelevant

C----irrelevant

D----right

E----irrelevant

3.
Economist:  On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.  A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.  Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.


Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion of the argument?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.2

(A) Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.
(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.
(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.
(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.
(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.

1)Time: 24”

2)Situation:

Background: Emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries costs $11,000

Premise:A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling

Conclusion. This treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.

3)Prephrase: Program still has its advantage on cost.

4)A----support

B----irrelevant

C----right

D----irrelevant (not direct)

E----irrelevant

4.
The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.  Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.  The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.


Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the explanation offered?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.3

(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.
(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.
(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.
(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.
(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.

1)Time: 29”

2)Situation:

Background: The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.  Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter;

Premise: from spring through early autumn, most voles live in far smaller groups.

Conclusion. The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.

3)Prephrase: food shortage for seasonal variation

4)A----irrelevant

B----irrelevant

C----not direct support

D----irrelevant

E----right

5.
A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.  Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.


Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the lower life expectancy of offspring of dolphins feeding at the beach compared to other young dolphins?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.4

(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in the open seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas where dolphins congregate.
(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach are females that nurse their offspring there.
(C) The fish given to the dolphins at the beach are the same types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.
(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with their offspring come to the beach only a few times a month.
(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much less time teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult dolphins.

1)Time: 23”

2)Situation:

Background: A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.

Premise: Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived

Conclusion. Their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.

3)Prephrase: Off-springs lose their capability of preying

4)A----irrelevant

B----irrelevant

C----irrelevant

D----irrelevant

E----right

乖宝宝猪

1. Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has
solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any
other detective on the police force.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument above?
--BIBLE WEAKEN NO.1

P:  Carl only solve 1 out of 25 cases in the past 3 years.
C: Carl is incompetent detective.
analyze： case数量----incompetent detective--------------weaken

(A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.
---------------------------------------------------------correct.

(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.
--------------------------------------------------------neighborhood police officer  ---------irrelevant

(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.
-----------------------------------------------------------extensive resources-----------irrelevant/support .

(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.
----------------------------------------------------------Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city--------------irrelevant .

(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.
---------------------------------------------------------------Many of the officers---------irrelevant


2.
Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.  Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?

P： fullerenes  in the laboratory requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
C：the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
ana： F in lab(condition)--------F in natural (condition)---------the Earth's crust
        weaken:  lab与natural 不同

(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.--------------careful experimentation------------------irrelevant/support

(B) Some fullerenes have alsobeen found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.
-------------------------Some fullerenes---------irrelevant

(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.
------------------shungite contains carbon--------irrelevant

(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure
----------------------------weaken

(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.
-------------------------support



3.
Economist:  On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.  A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.  Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion of the argument?

P： the emergency treatment costs $11,000，A new therapeutic program will cost $12,500
C：cannot be justified.
ana： fall cost<A new program ------------cannot be justified-------------weaken


(A) Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.
---------------------------falls reported was higher ------------support

(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.------------elderly people living in nursing homes > elderly people who live alone at home-------irrelevant

(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.------------------weaken

(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.----------focuses on therapies other than medication---irrelevant

(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.----------other elements-------irrelevant


4.
The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.  Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.  The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.

Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the explanation offered?

P：large groups from late autumn through winter；smaller groups from spring through early autumn
C:  The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
ana：winter大--spring小--------------mortality among young voles------support

(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.---------------------highest proportion of young voles---------irrelevant
(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.------------dramatically in size from year to year-----irrelevant

(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.------plants-------irrelevant

(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.-----------------------------------------------------------temperatures-- ------------------weaken/irrelevant
(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.--------------support



5.
A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.  Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the lower life expectancy of offspring of dolphins feeding at the beach compared to other young dolphins?

P: many dolphins get asmuch as half of their food each day when they perform in the program
C: their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild
ana： program----------offspring have a lower life  that feed exclusively in the wild

(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in theopen seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas where dolphins congregate.
--------------------------Sharks--------irrelevant

(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach are females that nurse their offspring there.
-------------------------------------nurse their offspring there------------irrelevant

(C) The fish given to the dolphins at the beach are thesame types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.
----------------------------fish-------------irrelevant

(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with their offspring come to the beach only a few times a month.
----------------------------- a few times a month---------------------irrelevant

(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much lesstime teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult dolphins.--------------------------correct

huang2610

premise: Carl sloved the smallest number of cases compare with other people, 1:25

Conculsion: he is a lousy detective.

dyasd111

lizhengai

dddddd

dyasd111

dyasd111

woshiluhaodong

Great！！！

liyan25257758

第四题，有天敌蛇的存在不还是导致死亡率降低么？也是support啊

ElenW

谢谢楼主