【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-1】

Donts

要想攻克某块，就必须先爱上它  T3T
1.计时28’’
Premises
He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion
Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
推断
The cases assigned to him are normally difficult.
(A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.
正确。符合推测。
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.
C的曾经和他受尊重与他的能力无关
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.
Carl部门里的人资源是一样的，没有落差。
但如果别人资源比C多，应该可以weaken吧
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.
类似于B选项，Carl的曾经与他能力无关。而且一个Only貌似有点加强的意味在里头~
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.
无关。但是脑子开始YY：这选项算不算别人资历比较高所以carl不能说没能力呢。。。
千万不要用手头上的信息去拓展去YY
2. 计时45’’虽然这题在prep上做过，还是花了好长时间，泪奔。这次在脑子里过了一下assumption，当时做prep的时候没怎么理解，所以纠结了很久。
Background
Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Premise
laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
conclusion
this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed
隐藏的assumption（这个是看过SDCAR大神爪印留下的印象TAT）
the results are the same in both lab and nature控制对照组变量
以后看到同一东西在不同的地方或者以不同形式得到同样或不同的结果就可以建立它们此时可比与否的假设。
推断
把assumption破掉
(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.无关
(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.额外的东西，除非在因果型削弱出现，可以有额外的C来解释，否则额外的东西一律为错。还有没有别的类型也可以有额外的信息出现呢。。。?
(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.
(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.控制对照组变量失败，此时有两个变量：一个是lab、natural的区别，另外多了structure 的区别。
(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.又没有告诉我们shungite的要求会不会影响fullerenes的要求。但是没读仔细很容易把shungite和fullerenes等同起来，或者模模糊糊，做prep的时候就是这么悲剧的。
3.计时22’’
Background
Economist:  On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.  A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.  
Premise
this treatment program will cost $12,500
conclusion
thus cannot be justified
推测
有long-term benefits，比如这个program可以避免摔个好几次神马的，有点诡异的赶卓。
Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.应该比有follow和没follow的吧，怎么能在有follow的里面进行比较呢，无关。
(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.
与program完全脱节了，无关。
(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.正确，有LR benefits，符合推测。
(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.有点迷惑人的选项，也没有说不follow的话就要focus on medication。算无关吧。
(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.
这个貌似是加强。
4.计时43’’
Background
The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters. Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.  
Conclusion
The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.

这题是没有premise么……或者就是削弱题特殊体型中传说的“premise和conclusion联系不紧密”？那么答案就是直接削弱结论咯？
推测
不是seasonal variation mortality among young voles导致的。
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the explanation offered?
(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.无关选项。
(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year. year和season也差太多，无关。
(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.有点关系，但仔细一看，那不是spring的时候应该会in large group吗，而且是单一的spring，不是spring  to autumn
(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.无关，除非说habitat会猎杀prairie voles.
(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.正确，别的东西导致而不是seasonal variation mortality导致。
5.计时40’’
Background
A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.  Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
算是新东方说的现象解释吧。
推测
温室里的花朵捕食能力差。
(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in the open seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas where dolphins congregate.那adult dolphin不是也活的好好的么。
(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach are females that nurse their offspring there.与性别无关。
(C) The fish given to the dolphins at the beach are the same types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.与鱼的种类相同无关。
(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with their offspring come to the beach only a few times a month.无关。
(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much less time teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult dolphins.正确，符合推测。

Donts

总结：答案是做对了，但是做题速度实在有待提高，另外不要无端YY。要提高对重要细节的记忆和筛选能力。补充精炼题B选项有个人倾向问题，C选项，没有落差，因此是加强非削弱。

showysimple

第一天参加小分队的练习，自己在速度上很吃亏，所以好奇大家是如何做到的，特别当题干很难读懂的时候。自己找的一个方法是: 在结论和问题中找到关键词（化复杂信息为单一信息），然后到选项中做验证（按照我的阅读速度，已经没时间做推测了）；依靠关键词也比较容易排除不相关的选项。

比如说第三题，
step 1: ［求关键词］ 结论——》Therapeutic program贵，不值得——》求削弱结论——》TP有其优势，值得
step 2:   [验证选项]   (A) “follow the program的时间”是一个新概念，与关键词无关。（B）“谁更容易摔得惨烈”也是一个新概念，与关键词无关。（C）正确选项，它攻击了¥11000其实不够cover到病的痊愈，long-term pain需要更长久的药物治疗，承托出TP的¥12500价格虽高但价值感也强。（D）迷惑选项，但仔细想想，TP只focus在therapies，但药还是要吃，还是要花钱；所以TP既单价高，又价值低，也没什么优势。（E）“TP收费中的某部分可能会涨价”——仅仅是可能，不是确定的事情。

第一次回贴，应该会有人理我吧。我这个方法可不可取，有没有需要改进的地方。

cathy11ff

想问问除了第一题答案在哪里呀？

cathy11ff

1\premise:Carl solved a smaller cases than other detective
conclusion:Carl is an incompetent detective.
weakenther reason
answer:A
) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.断桥
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.无关
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.无关
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.无关
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.混淆，仔细看无直接关系

2\ background:found in lab,have been found in nature
premise:laboratory requires temperature and pressure
conclusion: the discovery can help evaluate hypotheses about state of the Earth's crust
weakenther reason
answer
(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.无关
(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.加强
(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.
(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.他因
(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.

3\background:treatment for elderly person for injuries result 11000
premise:program reduce falling cost 12500
conclusion:can't be justified
anwser:    C
(A) Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.与时间无关
(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.无关
(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.明显他因
(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.
(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.


4\background:voles live in large groups from autumn to winter
premise:most live in smaller group
conclusion:seasonal variation in group size expained by seasonal variation
support:cases
anwser:A
(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.事实加强
(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.无关
(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.
(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.
(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.


5\premise:first benefit from program
conclusionffspring have a lower life
explenation:gap
answer:E
(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in the open seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas where dolphins congregate.无关
(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach are females that nurse their offspring there.无关
(C) The fish given to the dolphins at the beach are the same types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.与鱼的种类无关
(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with their offspring come to the beach only a few times a month.与次数无关
(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much less time teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult 弥补gap

cyl723

Premise: carl solved 1 case out of 25
Conclusion: carl has solved a smaller percentage of the cases than any other detective
Prephrase: we don’t’ know the rate other detective solved
选项分析
A case is difficult so it’s hard to solved so the rate will be low
B whether the case solved has nothing to do with carl is respected
C a lot resources should help carl solve more cases strengthen
D the former experience has nothing to do with his currently performance
E the other detective promoted has nothing to do with case solved
这是第一次在逻辑小分队发帖子，不知道正确的格式是怎么样。。。而且预测的时候错了。。。希望以后越来越好吧~~~

cyl723

2  
Background: fl found in the lab, they formed in fi
Premise: fl requires distinctive conditions of tem&pressure
Conclusion: ge can evaluate hypotheses about the state of Eath’s crus at time these naturally occurring fl formed.
Prephrase:  state of Eath’s crust has nothing to do with the conditions of tem&pressure
A 麻烦不是问题。。。
B 我觉得是正解，这样就能保证环境都是crust创造的了。。。
C不知道错在哪里
D 结构不知道与造成他的环境不相关
E 那两个都可以分别研究
3
Premise: emergency treatment for fall cost $11,000 program reduces chance of fall cost$12,500 exceed the cost of emergency treatment
Conclusion: not implement the program
Prephrase: If a person falsl he doesn’t just need a emergency treatment he needs the next treatment which requires more money
A  not mentioned money
B  nothing to do with program
C 正确
D 并没有涉及到Cost 没有直接从原因上反驳
E 并没有讨论treatment 的费用
4 strengthen
Background: vole grassland rodent lives together formed a extended family
Premise: v live in lrge groups from late autumn through winter; live in smaller groups from spring hrough early autumn
Conclusion: variation in group size can be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young v
Prephrase: young v died during winter through spring and no new v enter the group
A not mentioned die
B dramatic not equal young v die
C it means except for spring the probability of young v die is very high in the rest season of year not just winter
D winter will probably lead young v die correct
E not the right time
5
Background: dolphin feed on a beach.
Premise: young dolphin’s life expectancy is lower than those feed on wild.
Why?
Prephrase: the food is different
A …没大看懂
B 生小孩与life expectancy 无关
C 食物一样应该没差
D 没有理由解释题干，无关
E 推出dolphin获得食物比以前少了 正确
以上纯属一家之言~~~今天第一天小分队任务完成

silviahelena

呃，我之前报名不过不知道是不是该这么跟贴，如果从今天算起的话。

逻辑链如下：

1. Premise: Carl has a lower successful rate of solving cases than others
   Conclusion: Carl is an incompetent detective

Weaken- If he solve more difficult cases than others

Answer is A

2. Premise: laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
   Conculsion:this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed

Weaken- If there is other form of fullerenes exisits.

Answer is D 其实这个有点猜的，因为我并不大认识这些单词...

3. Premise: 1) the average cost of a fall is $11,000; 2) a therapy with a cost of $12,500 can reduct the chances of falling
   Conclusion: the cost for the therapy can not be justified

Weaken: If additional cost will be generated due to frequet falling

Answer is C

4. Premise: Voles  live in large groups from lautumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, most voles live in far smaller groups.
  Conclusion: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles

Strong explaination: related to mortality and season

Answer is E

A: only mentioned until early summer

5. Premise: 1) Dolphines can get 1/2 of daliy food at the beach 2) they live longer but their next generation's life expectation not long
Strong explaination: if no beach, the younger generation can not get enough food

Answe is E

武藤里伽子

计时到底是读题干的时间，还是分析加做完的时间，先做吧
Background Information:
Premise:
He has
solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any
other detective on the police force.

Conclusion：Carl is clearly an incompetent detective

3) 推测(Prephrase: weaken方向就是carl接的案子比较难办，并不代表他能力差
4) 选项分析：
A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.有关，属于weaken
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.无关
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.什么啊
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.增加的假设，没削弱
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.？？？

选A

TICKCOCK

7.31+【1-1】
1、background: Carl 的办案数和他的评价之间的关系。
  PREMISE: 因为他解决的案件比其他任何人的都少。
  Conclusion: Carl is incompetent.
答案：A

2、background: Fullerences 最早在实验室发现，但是已经在大自然中被找到过了。
  Premise: 实验室发现需要依赖于特定的温度和压力
  Conclusion: 实验室成果为地质学家在大自然中找到F 提供依据。
答案： B (D)

3、background: elder people 急救花费和new program的实施
  Premise: emergency treatment 的平均花费是 11000， 新的program花12500
  Conclusion: 新的program不能实施。
答案：D (C)

4、background: Vole 是一种群居动物，有时候还会和2个或多个litter住在一起
  Premise: Vole 的family size 在晚秋到冬天这段时间比早春到早秋的大。
  Conclusion: family size 和 mortality 有关。
 判断： 答案可能和不同季节的VOLE的死亡率不同有关。
 答案： E

5、background: dolphin offspring 的 life expectancy 和 feeding program 的关系。
  Premise: adult benefit from program. 但是被喂养的海豚的后代的life expectancy  比野生海豚的后代要低。
判断：答案可能和Program对后代影响有关。
答案：E