一些逻辑问题的分析

aomeisoft7

Last year in the United States, women who ran for state and national offices were about as likely to win as men. However, only about fifteen percent of the candidates for these offices were women. Therefore, the reason there are so few women who win elections for these offices is not that women have difficulty winning elections but that so few women want to run.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion given?    

(A) Last year the proportion of women incumbents who won reelection was smaller than the proportion of men incumbents who won reelection.
(B) Few women who run for state and national offices run against other women.
(C) Most women who have no strong desire to be politicians never run for state and national offices.
(D) The proportion of people holding local offices who are women is smaller than the proportion of people holding state and national offices who are women.
(E) Many more women than men who want to run for state and national offices do not because they cannot get adequate funding for their campaigns.
答案是E
题意理解，可是选项不理解..请楼主帮忙啊~！

-- by 会员 左摇右摆 (2010/9/28 19:26:07)

Therefore, the reason there are so few women who win elections for these offices is not that women have difficulty winning elections but that so few women want to run.
去年美国，女性竞选成功率和男性一样。然而只有15%的候选人是女人。结论：想竞选的女人少（注意want这个词）
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion given?    求削弱


(A) Last year the proportion of women incumbents who won reelection was smaller than the proportion of men incumbents who won reelection.
incumbent在职的  ，无关出来的概念...
(B) Few women who run for state and national offices run against other women. 无关
(C) Most women who have no strong desire to be politicians never run for state and national offices.
讲的是women who have no strong desire，这在women里只是部分群体，不能代表整个women
(D) The proportion of people holding local offices who are women is smaller than the proportion of people holding state and national offices who are women.
和local office无关
(E) Many more women than men who want to run for state and national offices do not because they cannot get adequate funding for their campaigns.
很多女人想竞选，但是没有资金不能竞选。这里直接否定结论，结论说女人不想竞选，

aomeisoft7

又来请教问题~~~

A significant number of complex repair jobs carried out by Ace Repairs have to be reworked under the company’s warranty.  The reworked jobs are invariably satisfactory.  When initial repairs are inadequate, therefore, it is not because the mechanics lack competence; rather, there is clearly a level of focused concentration that complex repairs require that is elicited more reliably by rework jobs than by first-time jobs.

The argument above assumes which of the following?

A.    There is no systematic difference in membership between the group of mechanics who do first-time jobs and the group of those who do rework jobs.
B.    There is no company that successfully competes with Ace Repairs for complex repair jobs.
C.    Ace Repairs’ warranty is good on first-time jobs but does not cover rework jobs.
D.    Ace Repairs does not in any way penalize mechanics who have worked on complex repair jobs that later had to be reworked.
E.    There is no category of repair jobs in which Ace Repairs invariably carries out first-time jobs satisfactorily.

我感觉我是这句话没有看懂“a level of focused concentration that complex repairs require that is elicited more reliably by rework jobs than by first-time jobs.”

-- by 会员 Helloface (2010/9/28 19:57:45)

大量修理要返工。返工总让人满意。结论：第一遍没有修好，不是工人能力不行，而是第二次修理要求高，工人更认真。


参考=.= ：there is clearly a level of focused concentration （that complex repairs require 定语从句修饰concentration）（that is elicited more reliably by rework jobs than by first-time jobs 跳跃修饰concentration）.
就是说造成第一次修不好，要返工才能修好的原因是，第二次修理比第一次修理认真程度高。（暗排除了： 不是第一次的修理工缺乏能力，二次修理工更熟练）

A.    There is no systematic difference in membership between the group of mechanics who do first-time jobs and the group of those who do rework jobs. 第一次和第二次修理的工人能力是一样的

songhanxiao

Some good cooks are gourmet cooks who pride themselves on always using extravagantly rich ingredients in elaborate recipes. Some good cooks can be characterized as fast-food cooks. They may use rich ingredients as long as the recipes are easy to follow and take little time. Other good cooks are health food enthusiasts, who are concerned primarily with the nutritional value of food. But even though not all good cooks are big eaters, they all enjoy preparing and serving food.
If the information in the passage is true, which one of the following CANNOT be true?
(A) Most good cooks do not use extravagantly rich ingredients.
(B) Everyone who enjoys preparing and serving food is a good cook.
(C) More good cooks who use extravagantly rich ingredients are big eaters than are good cooks who do not use such ingredients.
(D) There are fewer good cooks who enjoy serving and preparing food than there are good cooks who are big eaters.
(E) Gourmet cooks, fast-food cooks, and cooks who are health food enthusiasts are all big eaters.


答案是D，但是 E为什么不对? THX!

winny莹

救民啊大侠，我的问题好几次都没人理啊，我的问题太弱智了吗？？好伤心啊,能劳烦您帮我解答吗？

38. Which of the following best completes the passage below?
The computer industry’s estimate that it loses millions of dollars when users illegally copy programs without paying for them is greatly exaggerated. Most of the illegal copying is done by people with no serious interest in the programs. Thus, the loss to the industry is quite small, because ________________.
(A) many users who illegally copy programs never find any use for them
(B) most people who illegally copy programs would not purchase them even if purchasing them were the only way to obtain them
(C) even if the computer industry received all the revenue it claims to be losing, it would still be experiencing financial difficulties
(D) the total market value of all illegal copies is low in comparison to the total revenue of the computer industry
(E) the number of programs that are frequently copied illegally is low in comparison to the number of programs available for sale

winny莹

我想不通为什么选B，可以跟我说说你的思路吗？其他的我都能明白。

aomeisoft7

Some good cooks are gourmet cooks who pride themselves on always using extravagantly rich ingredients in elaborate recipes. Some good cooks can be characterized as fast-food cooks. They may use rich ingredients as long as the recipes are easy to follow and take little time. Other good cooks are health food enthusiasts, who are concerned primarily with the nutritional value of food. But even though not all good cooks are big eaters, they all enjoy preparing and serving food.
If the information in the passage is true, which one of the following CANNOT be true?
(A) Most good cooks do not use extravagantly rich ingredients.
(B) Everyone who enjoys preparing and serving food is a good cook.
(C) More good cooks who use extravagantly rich ingredients are big eaters than are good cooks who do not use such ingredients.
(D) There are fewer good cooks who enjoy serving and preparing food than there are good cooks who are big eaters.
(E) Gourmet cooks, fast-food cooks, and cooks who are health food enthusiasts are all big eaters.


答案是D，但是 E为什么不对? THX!

-- by 会员 songhanxiao (2010/9/29 15:52:50)

答案是D
从最后一句话就可以推出来 even though not all good cooks are big eaters, they all enjoy preparing and serving food.
不是所有的good cooks是big eater，但是所有的good cooks都 enjoy preparing and serving food
(D) There are fewer good cooks who enjoy serving and preparing food than there are good cooks who are big eaters.
直接否定了结论


If the information in the passage is true, which one of the following CANNOT be true?
这题问题的关键点是 CANNOT be true, 即“绝对是错的”

其他的4个选项，是 “在某种条件下，是可能成立的”
E选项是可能成立的，题目并没有说 Gourmet cooks, fast-food cooks, and cooks  who are health food enthusiasts  这三种 cooks 就是 good cooks 的整体， 所以这三类都是 big eaters 是可能成立的（其他的某类 good cooks 不是big eaters）


此题在这个帖子第三页有过讨论~

aomeisoft7

救民啊大侠，我的问题好几次都没人理啊，我的问题太弱智了吗？？好伤心啊,能劳烦您帮我解答吗？

38. Which of the following best completes the passage below?
The computer industry’s estimate that it loses millions of dollars when users illegally copy programs without paying for them is greatly exaggerated. Most of the illegal copying is done by people with no serious interest in the programs. Thus, the loss to the industry is quite small, because ________________.
(A) many users who illegally copy programs never find any use for them
(B) most people who illegally copy programs would not purchase them even if purchasing them were the only way to obtain them
(C) even if the computer industry received all the revenue it claims to be losing, it would still be experiencing financial difficulties
(D) the total market value of all illegal copies is low in comparison to the total revenue of the computer industry
(E) the number of programs that are frequently copied illegally is low in comparison to the number of programs available for sale

-- by 会员 winny莹 (2010/9/29 16:31:41)

电脑产业认为： 很多人用盗版软件 使他们损失了millions of dollars。作者认为他们说的太夸张，因为绝大多数用盗版软件的人对软件不感兴趣。所以，他们用盗版软件对产业损失很小。
求 解释


(A) many users who illegally copy programs never find any use for them
用盗版的人 使用很少
(B) most people who illegally copy programs would not purchase them even if purchasing them were the only way to obtain them
即使没有盗版软件，只能买正版，这些用盗版的人也不会去买。 电脑产业的人认为：要 消灭盗版！这样人们买不到盗版，就去买正版！ 但是这个选项说：即使没盗版，这些人也不会去买正版。所以支持了作者的看法！
(C) even if the computer industry received all the revenue it claims to be losing, it would still be experiencing financial difficulties
即使电脑产业 收回了所有的损失，仍有财政困难。无关
(D) the total market value of all illegal copies is low in comparison to the total revenue of the computer industry
盗版的市场价值占产业总收入比重小
(E) the number of programs that are frequently copied illegally is low in comparison to the number of programs available for sale
盗版的数量比市场上可获得的软件数量少。无关

Christianyang

Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.  If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space.  If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.







Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above?







(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.



(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.



(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.



(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.



(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.

Christianyang

师姐，我想问一声，你是lawyer的妹妹么

aomeisoft7

Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.  If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space.  If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.

Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above?
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.

-- by 会员 Christianyang (2010/9/29 17:00:13)

Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.
P鸟在别的的鸟窝下蛋=_=... 能根据host egg的大小知道准确的下几颗蛋。


求推论，推论题切忌不可出现题目中没出现的概念
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
P鸟知道它可以下蛋的  最小的host egg的size。从第一句话推论出来的。
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.无关
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
P鸟在经验中知道在不同的窝下多少蛋。文中说的是根据host egg的大小，learn from experience 文中没出现
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs. 无关
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.
P鸟用视觉计算鸟窝大小。文中也没出现