一些逻辑问题的分析

wonieqy

Historian: We can learn about the medical history of individuals through chemical analysis of their hair. It is likely, for example, that Isaac Newton’s psychological problems were due to mercury poisoning; traces of mercury were found in his hair. Analysis is now being done on a lock of Beethoven’s hair. Although no convincing argument has shown that Beethoven ever had a venereal disease, some people hypothesize that venereal disease caused his deafness. Since mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’s time to treat venereal disease, if researchers find a trace of mercury in his hair, we can conclude that this hypothesis is correct.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the historian’s argument depends?
(A) None of the mercury introduced into the body can be eliminated.
(B) Some people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury.
(C) Mercury is an effective treatment for venereal disease.
(D) Mercury poisoning can cause deafness in people with venereal disease.
(E) Beethoven suffered from psychological problems of the same severity as Newton’s.

这个答案为B，但是很纠结，想不明白，而且逛了些论坛，很多人都会和我一样偏向A选项。
C选项觉得也可以作为assumption。
请麻烦讨论讨论~~

wonieqy

In 1992, a major newspaper circulated throughout North American paid its reporters an average salary paid by its principle competitors to their reporters. An executive of the newspaper argued that this practice was justified, since any shortfall that might exist in the reporters’ salaries is fully compensated by the valuable training they receive through their assignments.
Which one of the following, if true about the newspaper in 1992, most seriously undermines the justification offered by the executive?
(A) Senior reporters at the newspaper earned as much as reporters of similar stature who worked for the newspaper’s principle competitors.
(B) Most of the newspaper’s reporters had worked there for more than ten years.
(C) The circulation of the newspaper had recently reached a plateau, after it had increased steadily throughout the 1980s.
(D) The union that represented reporters at the newspaper was different from the union that represented reporters at the newspaper’s competitors.
(E) The newspaper was widely read throughout continental Europe and Great Britain as well as North America.

这是狒狒逻辑里面的22题，答案为B。
但是觉得工作经验和平时的培训，没有太大关系。而且觉得没有一个选项是可选的，请赐教啊！

wonieqy

On a certain day, nine scheduled flights on Swift Airlines were canceled. Ordinarily, a cancellation is due to mechanical problems with the airplane scheduled for a certain flight. However, since it is unlikely that Swift would have the mechanical problems with more than one or two scheduled flights on a single day, some of the nine cancellations were probably due to something else.
The argument depends on which one of the following assumptions?


A.More than one or two airplanes were scheduled for the nine canceled flights.
B.Swift Airlines has fewer mechanical problems than do other airlines of the same size.
C.Each of the canceled flights would have been longer than the average flight on Swift Airlines.
D.Swift Airlines had never before canceled more than one or two scheduled flights on a single day.
E.All of the airplanes scheduled for the canceled flights are based at the same airport.


参考答案：A 采用取非法。
选项A的内容，是不是截取了题干中的一个论据“However, since it is unlikely that Swift would have the mechanical problems with more than one or two scheduled flights on a single day”，其实这句没怎么读明白。

D的说法和上面的这个论据意思一致吗？为什么不能作为assumption？

yayaxiaoxinxin

lz,后天要考试了,想问个jj里的一个问题噢.
清洗飞机
V1现在的飞机都不如以前干净了，是因为说清洗飞机要钱，而现在航空公司的revenue也不是很多。可某公司的飞机却特别的干净，可是它收的fee也是很低的。问解释。我选的是因为这个公司的乘客特别多。这个答案我还是很确认的。——by Kay001（700+）
V2以前航空公司都花很多钱打扫座位的清洁，现在航空公司的budget 很紧张，为了竞争大家都开始不重视清洁的打扫，以此来省钱。但是有一家公司他很有竞争力（意思是说他在省钱这方面很在行的）但是他的飞机上的作文却 很干净。为什么涅~~？
我选的，因为这家航空公司有一种机制 来激励空成员飞行员，在飞机换航班的空隙间，高效的打扫清洁。——by wonderfulwq（700）
【考古】——感谢nowwsy
V1最近盈利减少航空公司都是不CLEAN的飞机，不CLEAN是因为要REDUCE某东西（F打头的，看上去像Fars）,但最近盈利最多的某公司是CLEAN飞机。问题忘了，只记得我选的是该公司的F已经很低，无需REDUCE（貌似）
V2很多飞机因为会减少盈利都不愿意搞清洁，而一个航空公司票价最低却是搞清洁的。问解释。选项有：这个航空公司用什么方法来吸引顾客这个航空公司的低价票价的压力没有别的公司大。（好像是票价已经最低了）
我搞不清到底是因为这家航空公司乘客多,还是因为有激励清扫机制..?
麻烦帮我看看, 谢谢.

aomeisoft7

麻烦讨论讨论这个题目
A rise in the percentage of all 18-year-olds who were recruited by the armed services of a small republic between 1980 and 1986 correlates with a rise in the percentage of young people who dropped out of high school in that republic. Since 18-year-olds in the republic are generally either high school graduates or high school dropouts, the correlation leads to the conclusion that the republic’s recruitment rates for 18-year-olds depend substantially on recruitment rates for high school dropouts.


Which one of the following statements, if true, most weakens the argument?


A.A large number of 18-year-old high school graduates were recruited for the republic’s armed services in 1986 than in 1980.
B.Many of the high-technology systems used by the republic’s armed services can be operated only by individuals who have completed a high school education.
C.Between 1980 and 1986 the percentage of high school graduates among 18-year-olds recruited in the republic rose sharply.
D.Personnel of the republic’s armed services are strongly encouraged to finish their high school education.
E.The proportion of recruits who had completed at least two years of college education was greater in 1986 than in 1980.

正确答案是C
我的疑问是B为什么是无关的选项呢？选项C中说的high school graduates 招收的比例上升得很快，那也不一定能说明high school graduates 所占的比例比 high school dropouts高啊？？

-- by 会员 wonieqy (2010/9/27 21:57:53)

1980到1986年，18岁新兵人数占18岁总人数比例上升时，高中辍学的人比例上升。因为18岁的人，要么高中毕业，要么辍学。结论：高中辍学率高，招收新兵率多


Which one of the following statements, if true, most weakens the argument? 求削弱


B.Many of the high-technology systems used by the republic’s armed services can be operated only by individuals who have completed a high school education.
这里提到的新概念不能削弱或支持结论。因为armed services还有很多其他的systems，这个high-technology只属于一个特例


C.Between 1980 and 1986 the percentage of high school graduates among 18-year-olds recruited in the republic rose sharply.
招收的新兵里 高中毕业生比例 大幅度上升。（题目的逻辑认为招收的新兵都是辍学的那部分学生，这里就指出，招收的新兵也包括高中毕业生。说明辍学率高，也不一定招收的新兵就会多。。）

aomeisoft7

Historian: We can learn about the medical history of individuals through chemical analysis of their hair. It is likely, for example, that Isaac Newton’s psychological problems were due to mercury poisoning; traces of mercury were found in his hair. Analysis is now being done on a lock of Beethoven’s hair. Although no convincing argument has shown that Beethoven ever had a venereal disease, some people hypothesize that venereal disease caused his deafness. Since mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’s time to treat venereal disease, if researchers find a trace of mercury in his hair, we can conclude that this hypothesis is correct.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the historian’s argument depends?
(A) None of the mercury introduced into the body can be eliminated.
(B) Some people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury.
(C) Mercury is an effective treatment for venereal disease.
(D) Mercury poisoning can cause deafness in people with venereal disease.
(E) Beethoven suffered from psychological problems of the same severity as Newton’s.

这个答案为B，但是很纠结，想不明白，而且逛了些论坛，很多人都会和我一样偏向A选项。
C选项觉得也可以作为assumption。
请麻烦讨论讨论~~

-- by 会员 wonieqy (2010/9/27 22:10:25)

这题的确很奇怪！！要我第一个排除就是B，some的样本肯定是错的
A还可以
C不对
Since mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’s time to treat venereal disease指出那个时代人们就是用mercury治病的
不管他治好了没、有没有效果，用了mercury就说明有venereal这个病。。

aomeisoft7

In 1992, a major newspaper circulated throughout North American paid its reporters an average salary paid by its principle competitors to their reporters. An executive of the newspaper argued that this practice was justified, since any shortfall that might exist in the reporters’ salaries is fully compensated by the valuable training they receive through their assignments.
Which one of the following, if true about the newspaper in 1992, most seriously undermines the justification offered by the executive?
(A) Senior reporters at the newspaper earned as much as reporters of similar stature who worked for the newspaper’s principle competitors.
(B) Most of the newspaper’s reporters had worked there for more than ten years.
(C) The circulation of the newspaper had recently reached a plateau, after it had increased steadily throughout the 1980s.
(D) The union that represented reporters at the newspaper was different from the union that represented reporters at the newspaper’s competitors.
(E) The newspaper was widely read throughout continental Europe and Great Britain as well as North America.

这是狒狒逻辑里面的22题，答案为B。
但是觉得工作经验和平时的培训，没有太大关系。而且觉得没有一个选项是可选的，请赐教啊！

-- by 会员 wonieqy (2010/9/27 22:18:23)

average salary + valuable training = justified salary
员工工资低的时候，得到了工作经验，所以低工资是合理的
B就说 大部分人工作了10年多，工作经验已经很多了
assignment就是工作经验。。再说其他四个真的没办法拉上勾了=.=

aomeisoft7

On a certain day, nine scheduled flights on Swift Airlines were canceled. Ordinarily, a cancellation is due to mechanical problems with the airplane scheduled for a certain flight. However, since it is unlikely that Swift would have the mechanical problems with more than one or two scheduled flights on a single day, some of the nine cancellations were probably due to something else.
The argument depends on which one of the following assumptions?


A.More than one or two airplanes were scheduled for the nine canceled flights.
B.Swift Airlines has fewer mechanical problems than do other airlines of the same size.
C.Each of the canceled flights would have been longer than the average flight on Swift Airlines.
D.Swift Airlines had never before canceled more than one or two scheduled flights on a single day.
E.All of the airplanes scheduled for the canceled flights are based at the same airport.


参考答案：A 采用取非法。
选项A的内容，是不是截取了题干中的一个论据“However, since it is unlikely that Swift would have the mechanical problems with more than one or two scheduled flights on a single day”，其实这句没怎么读明白。

D的说法和上面的这个论据意思一致吗？为什么不能作为assumption？

-- by 会员 wonieqy (2010/9/27 22:45:54)

在一天里，9个航班取消。航班取消通常是因为飞机故障。然而，一天内不可能有超过2个航班的飞机有故障，所以这9个航班取消有别的原因。


A.More than one or two airplanes were scheduled for the nine canceled flights.
这9个航班中使用到了 2个以上的飞机


飞机和航班的区别：1个飞机可执行多次航班，9个航班取消，可能是由于同一架或2架有故障的飞机造成的。题目结论指出：一定有别的原因。他的假设就是，不只有这2架飞机，所以 不可能所有的飞机都有故障。。


D.Swift Airlines had never before canceled more than one or two scheduled flights on a single day.
unlikely是“不大可能的”，但是也有可能性存在，只是发生次数很少。never before太绝对了

aomeisoft7

lz,后天要考试了,想问个jj里的一个问题噢.
清洗飞机
V1现在的飞机都不如以前干净了，是因为说清洗飞机要钱，而现在航空公司的revenue也不是很多。可某公司的飞机却特别的干净，可是它收的fee也是很低的。问解释。我选的是因为这个公司的乘客特别多。这个答案我还是很确认的。——by Kay001（700+）
V2以前航空公司都花很多钱打扫座位的清洁，现在航空公司的budget 很紧张，为了竞争大家都开始不重视清洁的打扫，以此来省钱。但是有一家公司他很有竞争力（意思是说他在省钱这方面很在行的）但是他的飞机上的作文却 很干净。为什么涅~~？
我选的，因为这家航空公司有一种机制 来激励空成员飞行员，在飞机换航班的空隙间，高效的打扫清洁。——by wonderfulwq（700）
【考古】——感谢nowwsy
V1最近盈利减少航空公司都是不CLEAN的飞机，不CLEAN是因为要REDUCE某东西（F打头的，看上去像Fars）,但最近盈利最多的某公司是CLEAN飞机。问题忘了，只记得我选的是该公司的F已经很低，无需REDUCE（貌似）
V2很多飞机因为会减少盈利都不愿意搞清洁，而一个航空公司票价最低却是搞清洁的。问解释。选项有：这个航空公司用什么方法来吸引顾客这个航空公司的低价票价的压力没有别的公司大。（好像是票价已经最低了）
我搞不清到底是因为这家航空公司乘客多,还是因为有激励清扫机制..?
麻烦帮我看看, 谢谢.

-- by 会员 yayaxiaoxinxin (2010/9/27 23:03:47)

我绝对是乘客多吧，“低价票价的压力没有别的公司大”可能是指 “乘客愿意买他家的票”，因为他做的干净。清扫机制也是为了吸引更多乘客多吧，人多赚的多才是刺激他保持清洁的动力。。。

crystal10361

超级好贴，不顶不行！！！