一些逻辑问题的分析

songhanxiao

不过题目上不是说了那个no feasible way to increase the available funds啦吗？这个也不能说明其实没有其他方法了吗？

aomeisoft7

Birds need so much food energy to maintain their body temperatures that some of them spend most of their time eating. But a comparison of a bird of a seed-eating species to a bird of a nectar-eating species that has the same overall energy requirement would surely show that the seed-eating bird spends more time eating than does the nectar-eating bird, since a given amount of nectar provides more energy than does the same amount of seeds
The argument relies on which one of the following questionable assumptions
(A) Birds of different species do not generally have the same overall energy requirements as each other
(B) The nectar-eating bird does not sometimes also eat seeds
(C) The time it takes for the nectar-eating bird to eat a given amount of nectar is not longer than the time it takes the seed-eating bird to eat the same amount of seeds
(D) The seed-eating bird does not have a lower body temperature than that of the nectar-eating bird
(E) The overall energy requirements of a given bird do not depend on factors such as the size of the bird, its nest-building habits; and the climate of the region in which it lives

这个题是选C吗？但是C不是题里的背景吗？题目里不是说那个seed bird比nectar bird吃的时间久吗？

-- by 会员 songhanxiao (2010/9/27 20:05:13)

对，这题是选C，C不是背景
But a comparison of a bird of a seed-eating species to a bird of a nectar-eating species that has the same overall energy requirement would surely show that the seed-eating bird spends more time eating than does the nectar-eating bird, since a given amount of nectar provides more energy than does the same amount of seeds
C这句话是结论，since是提供的理由，可知道C不是背景
The argument relies on which one of the following questionable assumptions 求假设

(C) The time it takes for the nectar-eating bird to eat a given amount of nectar is not longer than the time it takes the seed-eating bird to eat the same amount of seeds
题目说了：需要的能量一样，但 nectar提供的能量比seed多（即seed鸟吃的多，nectar吃的少），所以seed鸟花的时间也多
它忽略了：速度
如果吃seed更快，seed鸟花的时间不一定比nectar鸟的时间长

songhanxiao

那所谓的背景是不是就是跟题目的原话一模一样，而且比较双方也不能变换？就比如这个，seed spend more time  ，但是说，nectar吃的时间少就不是背景？可是其实觉得两个意思一样的啊。。。

aomeisoft7

不过题目上不是说了那个no feasible way to increase the available funds啦吗？这个也不能说明其实没有其他方法了吗？

-- by 会员 songhanxiao (2010/9/27 20:14:39)

Since there is no feasible way to increase the available funds, our only choice is to decrease expenditures. The plan before you outlines feasible cuts that would yield savings of a billion dollars over the coming fiscal year. We will be able to solve the problem we face, therefore, only if we adopt this plan.
没有办法可以增加资金，唯一的方法是减少支出。这个plan可以减少指出。
唯一的方法是减少支出  不等于 他提出的这个plan的唯一的减少支出的方法
还有别的plan可以减少支出呢.....

aomeisoft7

那所谓的背景是不是就是跟题目的原话一模一样，而且比较双方也不能变换？就比如这个，seed spend more time  ，但是说，nectar吃的时间少就不是背景？可是其实觉得两个意思一样的啊。。。

-- by 会员 songhanxiao (2010/9/27 20:24:53)

你没有分清楚背景和结论。背景是绝对的真理， 结论是作者根据 “背景+推理” 得出来的，是不一定对的


Birds need so much food energy to maintain their body temperatures that some of them spend most of their time eating. But a comparison of a bird of a seed-eating species to a bird of a nectar-eating species that has the same overall energy requirement would surely show that the seed-eating bird spends more time eating than does the nectar-eating bird, since a given amount of nectar provides more energy than does the same amount of seeds
这个题干第一句绿色部分是背景。蓝色部分是结论，红色部分是理由
后面都用了since，就说明是作者自己的思考，而不是客观存在的背景


逻辑题无论是问削弱，支持，还是假设，都是针对的 结论

songhanxiao

十分感谢lz啊！！！

alex0795

Firms adopting "profit-related-pay" (PRP) contracts pay wages at levels that vary with the firm's profits. In the metalworking industry last year, firms with PRP contracts in place showed productivity per worker on average 13 percent higher than that of their competitors who used more traditional contracts.

If, on the basis of the evidence above, it is argued that PRP contracts increase worker productivity, which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken that argument?

(A)    Results similar to those cited for the metalworking industry have been found in other industries where PRP contracts are used.
(B)    Under PRP contracts costs other than labor costs, such as plant, machinery, and energy, make up an increased proportion of the total cost of each unit of output.
(C)  Because introducing PRP contracts greatly changes individual workers' relationships to the firm, negotiating the introduction of PRP contracts is complex and time-consuming.
(D)    Many firms in the metalworking industry have modernized production equipment in the last five years, and most of these introduced PRP contracts at the same time.
(E)    In firms in the metalworking industry where PRP contracts are in place, the average take-home pay is 15 percent higher than it is in those firms where workers have more traditional contracts.

请问  b 怎么不对呢  我觉得 使用这种方法 使得cost增加也能驳斥原文啊   谢谢了~

shencangbulu

好有RP的帖~!

wonieqy

麻烦讨论讨论这个题目
A rise in the percentage of all 18-year-olds who were recruited by the armed services of a small republic between 1980 and 1986 correlates with a rise in the percentage of young people who dropped out of high school in that republic. Since 18-year-olds in the republic are generally either high school graduates or high school dropouts, the correlation leads to the conclusion that the republic’s recruitment rates for 18-year-olds depend substantially on recruitment rates for high school dropouts.


Which one of the following statements, if true, most weakens the argument?


A.A large number of 18-year-old high school graduates were recruited for the republic’s armed services in 1986 than in 1980.
B.Many of the high-technology systems used by the republic’s armed services can be operated only by individuals who have completed a high school education.
C.Between 1980 and 1986 the percentage of high school graduates among 18-year-olds recruited in the republic rose sharply.
D.Personnel of the republic’s armed services are strongly encouraged to finish their high school education.
E.The proportion of recruits who had completed at least two years of college education was greater in 1986 than in 1980.

正确答案是C
我的疑问是B为什么是无关的选项呢？选项C中说的high school graduates 招收的比例上升得很快，那也不一定能说明high school graduates 所占的比例比 high school dropouts高啊？？

aomeisoft7

Firms adopting "profit-related-pay" (PRP) contracts pay wages at levels that vary with the firm's profits. In the metalworking industry last year, firms with PRP contracts in place showed productivity per worker on average 13 percent higher than that of their competitors who used more traditional contracts.

If, on the basis of the evidence above, it is argued that PRP contracts increase worker productivity, which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken that argument?

(A)    Results similar to those cited for the metalworking industry have been found in other industries where PRP contracts are used.
(B)    Under PRP contracts costs other than labor costs, such as plant, machinery, and energy, make up an increased proportion of the total cost of each unit of output.
(C)  Because introducing PRP contracts greatly changes individual workers' relationships to the firm, negotiating the introduction of PRP contracts is complex and time-consuming.
(D)    Many firms in the metalworking industry have modernized production equipment in the last five years, and most of these introduced PRP contracts at the same time.
(E)    In firms in the metalworking industry where PRP contracts are in place, the average take-home pay is 15 percent higher than it is in those firms where workers have more traditional contracts.

请问  b 怎么不对呢  我觉得 使用这种方法 使得cost增加也能驳斥原文啊   谢谢了~

-- by 会员 alex0795 (2010/9/27 21:21:11)

去年， 采用了PRP合同公司的 员工生产力  13%高于  采用传统合同公司的员工生产力


求削弱 （削弱 这个因果逻辑关系，通常思路是：给出真正的原因，暗指“采用PRP”只是时间上的巧合）

(B)    Under PRP contracts costs other than labor costs, such as plant, machinery, and energy, make up an increased proportion of the total cost of each unit of output.
在PRP合同下，不是劳动力成本，而是工厂，机器，和能源 占 每单位产出成本 的比例增加。
已经说了是under PRP, 后面这些都是在PRP影响下产生的，这支持了“PRP是员工生产力增加的原因” 这一结论。。
现在题目要削弱，就不要谈PRP的影响了，应该说PRP没有影响。。。

(D)    Many firms in the metalworking industry have modernized production equipment in the last five years, and most of these introduced PRP contracts at the same time.
这就指出了它因造成的：现代设备的引进  才是生产力增加的真正原因，而不是PRP