一些逻辑问题的分析

天使追梦

谢谢啦~~ ttp://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-486448-1-1.html

aomeisoft7

GWD-9-Q12:

A mosquito bite can transmit to a person the parasite that causes malaria, and the use of mosquito nets over children’s beds can significantly reduce the incidence of malarial infection for children in areas where malaria is common. Yet public health officials are reluctant to recommend the use of mosquito nets over children’s beds in such areas.

Which of the following, if true, would provide the strongest grounds for the public health officials’ reluctance?

A. Early exposure to malaria increases the body’s resistance to it and results in a lesser likelihood of severe life-threatening episodes of malaria.

B. Mosquito bites can transmit to people diseases other than malaria.

C. Mosquito nets provide protection from some insect pests other than mosquitoes.

D. Although there are vaccines available for many childhood diseases, no vaccine has been developed that is effective against malaria.

E. The pesticides that are most effective against mosquitoes in regions where malaria is common have significant detrimental effects on human health.

答案选A，但是不明白，按我的理解A选型不是削弱了the public health officials’ reluctance。A说Early exposure to malaria 能提高对 malaria 的抵抗，降低遭遇威胁生命的malaria可能性，这样说来不更应该使用mosquito nets 的方法，而the public health offical 拒绝使用这种方法，从而削弱the public health officials’ reluctance？

-- by 会员 麦兜woo (2010/9/25 18:16:05)

文字叮咬会传染疟疾，用蚊帐可以大大减少小孩子疟疾感染。但health officilas不情愿这么做。

求支持（思路就是：不用蚊帐更好）

A. Early exposure to malaria increases the body’s resistance to it and results in a lesser likelihood of severe life-threatening episodes of malaria
早期患病可以有抵抗力，减少以后危及生命的几率（就是小时候得过病会更好，长大了再得会非常严重）

前人解释这题用
水痘的事例，小时候得过水痘容易治好，以后也不会再得了。如果小时候没得，成人后得水痘，就会非常难治

songhanxiao

In 1992, a major newspaper circulated throughout North American paid its reporters an average salary paid by its principle competitors to their reporters. An executive of the newspaper argued that this practice was justified, since any shortfall that might exist in the reporters’ salaries is fully compensated by the valuable training they receive through their assignments.
Which one of the following, if true about the newspaper in 1992, most seriously undermines the justification offered by the executive?
(A) Senior reporters at the newspaper earned as much as reporters of similar stature who worked for the newspaper’s principle competitors.
(B) Most of the newspaper’s reporters had worked there for more than ten years.
(C) The circulation of the newspaper had recently reached a plateau, after it had increased steadily throughout the 1980s.
(D) The union that represented reporters at the newspaper was different from the union that represented reporters at the newspaper’s competitors.
(E) The newspaper was widely read throughout continental Europe and Great Britain as well as North America.

不是很懂题目意思。。。谢谢啦~

aomeisoft7

谢谢啦~~ ttp://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-486448-1-1.html

-- by 会员 天使追梦 (2010/9/25 18:20:36)

已回~~

songhanxiao

The interstitial nucleus, a subregion of the brain’s hypothalamus, is typically smaller for male cats than for female cats. A neurobiologist performed autopsies on male cats who died from disease X, a disease affecting no more than .05 percent of male cats, and found that these male cats had interstitial nuclei that were as large as those generally found in female cats. Thus, the size of the interstitial nucleus determines whether or not male cats can contract disease X.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
(A) No female cats have been known to contract disease X, which is a subtype of disease Y.
(B) Many male cats who contract disease X also contract disease Z, the cause of which is unknown.
(C) the interstitial nuclei of female cats who contact disease X are larger than those of female cats who do not contract disease X.
(D) Of 1,000 autopsies on male cats who did not contract disease X, 5 revealed interstitial nuclei larger than those of the average male cat.
(E) The hypothalamus is known not to be causally linked to disease Y, and disease X is a subtype of disease Y.

还有这个题目。D中为什么数字就不能weaken? 5个没有感染diseaseX的猫有较大的interstitial不是已经削弱了吗？

aomeisoft7

The interstitial nucleus, a subregion of the brain’s hypothalamus, is typically smaller for male cats than for female cats. A neurobiologist performed autopsies on male cats who died from disease X, a disease affecting no more than .05 percent of male cats, and found that these male cats had interstitial nuclei that were as large as those generally found in female cats. Thus, the size of the interstitial nucleus determines whether or not male cats can contract disease X.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
(A) No female cats have been known to contract disease X, which is a subtype of disease Y.
(B) Many male cats who contract disease X also contract disease Z, the cause of which is unknown.
(C) the interstitial nuclei of female cats who contact disease X are larger than those of female cats who do not contract disease X.
(D) Of 1,000 autopsies on male cats who did not contract disease X, 5 revealed interstitial nuclei larger than those of the average male cat.
(E) The hypothalamus is known not to be causally linked to disease Y, and disease X is a subtype of disease Y.

还有这个题目。D中为什么数字就不能weaken? 5个没有感染diseaseX的猫有较大的interstitial不是已经削弱了吗？

-- by 会员 songhanxiao (2010/9/25 19:54:15)

interstitial nucleus,   male cats的通常比female cats的小。 研究发现，得过X病的male cats的 interstitial nucleus 会和female cats的一样大。 结论：interstitial nucleus的大小 决定 male 会不会得X病


求削弱（典型的 因果逻辑错误，可能是得了病interstitial nucleus才变大的呢，也可能是别的原因造成X病的，ect.）


(D) Of 1,000 autopsies on male cats who did not contract disease X, 5 revealed interstitial nuclei larger than those of the average male cat.
这种给出具体数字样本的例子是典型的错误选项，或者some autopsies... 因为样本有没有代表性我们不知道，除非它指出来random，随机。。。


(E) The hypothalamus is known not to be causally linked to disease Y, and disease X is a subtype of disease Y.
interstitial nucleus是大脑hypothalamus 的一部分， 大脑hypothalamus 与Y病无关，而X病又是Y病的一种。简单说：interstitial nucleus 和 X病无关。削弱结论

aomeisoft7

顶一下，欢迎大家~

Christianyang

师姐，彪悍啊。。。
67.    (34143-!-item-!-188;#058&007613)

Transnational cooperation among corporations is experiencing a modest renaissance among United States firms, even though projects undertaken by two or more corporations under a collaborative agreement are less profitable than projects undertaken by a single corporation.  The advantage of transnational cooperation is that such joint international projects may allow United States firms to win foreign contracts that they would not otherwise be able to win.

Which of the following is information provided by the passage?

(A) Transnational cooperation involves projects too big for a single corporation to handle.
(B) Transnational cooperation results in a pooling of resources leading to high-quality performance.
(C) Transnational cooperation has in the past been both more common and less common than it is now among United States firms.
(D) Joint projects between United States and foreign corporations are not profitable enough to be worth undertaking.
(E) Joint projects between United States and foreign corporations benefit only those who commission the projects.
没看出来C，给翻译下吧。

Helloface

Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occur irregularly in East Africa, several years apart.  When outbreaks do occur, they kill thousands of cattle.  A livestock vaccine against the disease exists but is rarely used.  It is too expensive for farmers to use routinely, and since it is not effective until a month after vaccination, administering it after an outbreak begins helps very little.  Nevertheless, experts predict that use of the vaccine will increase significantly within the next few years.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest justification for the experts’ prediction?
A. Rift Valley fever is spread by mosquitoes, but each outbreak is so widespread that it is impractical to control it by using insecticides.
B. When an outbreak of Rift Valley fever occurs, unaffected countries often refuse to import livestock from the countries affected by the outbreak.
C. It would take less than a month for producers of the vaccine to adjust their production operations to cope with a large increase in demand.
D. Many cattle farmers in East Africa are nomadic or live in remote villages, and such farmers, who have little access to modern veterinary medicine, are particularly hard hit by outbreaks of Rift Valley fever.
E. Recently published research has shown that certain identifiable climatic conditions are almost invariably followed, within two to five months, by an outbreak of Rift Valley fever.
求助答案为何是E?我选的A~~~~~~~

mabelren

17.(26864-!-item-!-188;#058&003368)
At present the Hollywood Restaurant has only standard-height tables.However, many customers come to watch the celebrities who frequent the Hollywood, and they would prefer tall tables with stools because such seating would afford a better view of the celebrities.Moreover, diners seated on stools typically do not stay as long as diners seated at standardheight tables.Therefore, if the Hollywood replaced some of its seating with high tables and stools, its profits would increase.

The argument is vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it gives reason to believe that it is likely that

(A) some celebrities come to the Hollywood to be seen, and so might choose to sit at the tall tables if they were available
(B) the price of meals ordered by celebrities dining at the Hollywood compensates for the longer time, if any, they spend lingering over their meals
(C) a customer of the Hollywood who would choose to sit at a tall table would be an exception to the generalization about lingering
(D) a restaurant's customers who spend less time at their meals typically order less expensive meals than those who remain at their meals longer
(E) with enough tall tables to accommodate all the Hollywood's customers interested in such seating, there would be no view except of other tall tables


42.(32943-!-item-!-188;#058&007554)

Researchers have found that when very overweight people, who tend to have relatively low metabolic rates, lose weight primarily through dieting, their metabolisms generally remain unchanged.They will thus burn significantly fewer calories at the new weight than do people whose weight is normally at that level.Such newly thin persons will, therefore, ultimately regain weight until their body size again matches their metabolic rate.

The conclusion of the argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?

(A) Relatively few very overweight people who have dieted down to a new weight tend to continue to consume substantially fewer calories than do people whose normal weight is at that level.
(B) The metabolisms of people who are usually not overweight are much more able to vary than the metabolisms of people who have been very overweight.
(C) The amount of calories that a person usually burns in a day is determined more by the amount that is consumed that day than by the current weight of the individual.
(D) Researchers have not yet determined whether the metabolic rates of formerly very overweight individuals can be accelerated by means of chemical agents.
(E) Because of the constancy of their metabolic rates, people who are at their usual weight normally have as much difficulty gaining weight as they do losing it
求翻译和解释~~





42.(32943-!-item-!-188;#058&007554)
Researchers have found that when very overweight people, who tend to have relatively low metabolic rates, lose weight primarily through dieting, their metabolisms generally remain unchanged.They will thus burn significantly fewer calories at the new weight than do people whose weight is normally at that level.Such newly thin persons will, therefore, ultimately regain weight until their body size again matches their metabolic rate.

The conclusion of the argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?

(A) Relatively few very overweight people who have dieted down to a new weight tend to continue to consume substantially fewer calories than do people whose normal weight is at that level.
(B) The metabolisms of people who are usually not overweight are much more able to vary than the metabolisms of people who have been very overweight.
(C) The amount of calories that a person usually burns in a day is determined more by the amount that is consumed that day than by the current weight of the individual.
(D) Researchers have not yet determined whether the metabolic rates of formerly very overweight individuals can be accelerated by means of chemical agents（E) Because of the constancy of their metabolic rates, people who are at their usual weight normally have as much difficulty gaining weight as they do losing it
求翻译和解释~~