一些逻辑问题的分析

Helloface

两道关于养老金增长的问题~~~

87.    (31284-!-item-!-188;#058&005747)

Two years ago, the government of Runagia increased by 20 percent the government-provided pensions paid to Runagians over 65.  The aim of the increase was to stimulate the economy in the rural regions of the country, where most pension recipients live.  Statistics, however, show that there has been no increase in economic activity in those regions since then, but that there has been noticeably more spending in the urban areas.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the increase resulted in the unintended state of affairs described?
A. Until the pensions were increased, many Runagians over 65 in rural regions had been receiving support from their children who live in urban areas.
B. The pensions were increased when the number of people below the poverty level in rural areas of Runagia reached an all-time high.
C. City-dwellers in Runagia rarely travel to rural regions of the country.
D. The Runagian postal system is so inefficient that it can take up to three weeks for pension checks to reach recipients in rural areas.
E. On average, the pensions were higher in rural than in urban areas before the increase.
我是这样了理解题目的：政府为了发展rural地区的经济，增加了生活在rural老年人的养老金，但是效果不佳，反而是urban地区消费多了，rural没有，解释为什么。
答案是A。这题我看完后觉得哪个都联系不到题上去~~~望解答。

86.    (24835-!-item-!-188;#058&001244)

Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Concerned about the financial well-being of its elderly citizens, the government of Runagia decided two years ago to increase by 20 percent the government-provided pension paid to all Runagians over 65.  Inflation in the intervening period has been negligible, and the increase has been duly received by all eligible Runagians.  Nevertheless, many of them are no better off financially than they were before the increase, in large part because __________.
A. they rely entirely on the government pension for their income
B. Runagian banks are so inefficient that it can take up to three weeks to cash a pension check
C. they buy goods whose prices tend to rise especially fast in times of inflation
D. the pension was increased when the number of elderly Runagians below the poverty level reached an all-time high
E. in Runagia children typically supplement the income of elderly parents, but only by enough to provide them with a comfortable living
这道我觉得应该选C，为什么答案是E呢？孩子给老人的钱，和政府的补助有什么关联？孩子给老人的钱只能提供个温饱，加上政府给的，那不就应该更好了么。为何是E啊？

aomeisoft7

回答下我的问题吧

Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

Researchers recently asked dozens of shoppers, chosen at random coming out of a FoodBasket supermarket, what they had purchased.The prices of the very same items at the nearest ShopperKing supermarket were totaled and compared with the FoodBasket total.The ShopperKing totals averaged five percent higher than the FoodBasket totals.Nevertheless, this result does not necessarily show that shoppers at ShopperKing would save money overall by shopping at FoodBasket instead, since __________.

A. shoppers who shop regularly at a given supermarket generally choose that store for the low prices offered on the items that they purchase most often

B. for shoppers with more than 20 items, the ShopperKing totals averaged more than five percent higher than the FoodBasket totals

C. many shoppers consider factors other than price in choosing the supermarket at which they shop most regularly

D. there is little variation from month to month in the overall quantity of purchases made at supermarkets by a given shopper

E. none of the people who conducted the research were employees of the FoodBasket supermarket

E质疑样本取得的可信程度啊，也是WEAKEN啊

-- by 会员 syq819 (2010/9/24 15:00:44)

S店 商品平均价格 高于 F店 商品平均价格
但是 S店顾客 改去 F店购物 却不能省钱
求 解释


A. shoppers who shop regularly at a given supermarket generally choose that store for the low prices offered on the items that they purchase most often
顾客 去 经常买的商品 相对低价的店
比如 商品A B C D ， S店 A B相对便宜， C D 相对贵
那么经常买A B的人就会去S店，经常买C D的人就会去F店
所以S店顾客去F店买A B ，会花费更多的钱


E. none of the people who conducted the research were employees of the FoodBasket supermarket
没有一个负责调查的人 是F店的雇员。 无关
people who conducted the research 是 负责调查的人， 而不是 被调查的样本
题目条件已指出：Researchers recently asked dozens of shoppers, chosen at random coming out of a FoodBasket supermarket
researchers 是 random 随机 的，所以样本可信

aomeisoft7

又来请教了，GWD题，完全没理解啊~
Printwell’s Ink Jet Division manufactures ink-jet printers and the ink cartridges they use.  Sales of its ink-jet printers have increased.  Monthly revenues from those sales, however, have not increased, because competition has forced Printwell to cut the prices of its printers.  Unfortunately, Printwell has been unable to bring down the cost of manufacturing a printer.  Thus, despite the increase in printer sales, the Ink Jet Division must be providing the company with much smaller than it used to.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A.    Ink-jet printers in regular use frequently need new ink cartridges, and Printwell’s printers only accept Printwell’s ink cartridges.
B.    Unlike some competing companies, Printwell sells all of its printers through retailers, and these retailers’ costs account for a sizable proportion of the printers’ ultimate retail price.
C.    Some printer manufacturers have been forced to reduce the sale price of their ink-jet printers even more than Printwell has.
D.    In the past year, no competing manufacturer of ink-jet printers has had as great an increase in unit sales of printers as Printwell has.
E.    In the past year, sales of Printwell’s ink-jet printers have increased more than sales of any other type of printer made by Printwell.

-- by 会员 左摇右摆 (2010/9/24 15:09:03)

P部门生产打印机（ ink-jet printers）和墨水（ ink ）。打印机销量增加，但收入下降，是因为价格下降，P部门制作打印机的成本没有下降。结论：尽管打印机销量增加，P部门给总公司的贡献下降（即利润减少）


求削弱（思路是：P部门的利润不会减少）


A.    Ink-jet printers in regular use frequently need new ink cartridges, and Printwell’s printers only accept Printwell’s ink cartridges.
这款打印机要经常换新墨水，并且，P公司的打印机只接受P公司产的墨水（说明墨水的收入会上升，那么P部门利润会上升，削弱结论）


B.    Unlike some competing companies, Printwell sells all of its printers through retailers, and these retailers’ costs account for a sizable proportion of the printers’ ultimate retail price.
和别的竞争公司不同，P通过零售商卖打印机。无关项


C.    Some printer manufacturers have been forced to reduce the sale price of their ink-jet printers even more than Printwell has.
一些打印机公司被要求 降低墨水价格，比P公司墨水价格降低的还多。无关


D.    In the past year, no competing manufacturer of ink-jet printers has had as great an increase in unit sales of printers as Printwell has.
没有竞争公司比P公司卖的打印机多。无关


E.    In the past year, sales of Printwell’s ink-jet printers have increased more than sales of any other type of printer made by Printwell.
P公司卖出的的ink-jet打印机比P公司卖出的其他任何一款打印机要多。无关

aomeisoft7

楼主帮忙讲讲句子作用题的解题方法吧，总是没有头绪啊

-- by 会员 橘子骨头 (2010/9/24 15:47:48)

BF题呀~
第一点：要找到这段话的结论，作者的观点
第二点：要注意起承转合的连接词，
转折换态度的词： but,yet,however,etc.
表结论的词：thus,so,therefore,etc.
表原因的词：because, since,etc
BF题目是一定会有这些词的，而且黑体也经常在 这些连接词后面


比如：     观点1    ,   because      黑体1           ，however                     ,thus  黑体2（观点2）.
这个经常出现的结构，观点1是作者反对的观点，because 后是 观点1被支持的原因。however后是 作者支持观点2的原因，thus后的观点2是作者支持的观点。
其实BF题，无非是： 观点+理由。 分清楚哪里事例理由哪个原因，作者对观点的态度，就好了。


你遇到具体的不会的题目，就贴上来我们具体分析~

songhanxiao

10. In order to pressure the government of Country S to become less repressive, some legislators in Country R want to ban all exports from R to S. Companies in R that manufacture telecommunication equipment such as telephones and fax machines have argued that exports of their products should be exempted from the ban, on the ground that it is impossible for a country to remain repressive when telecommunication equipment is widely available to the population of that country.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument given by the manufacturers depends?

A.    The government of S has recently increased the amount of telecommunication equipment it allows to be imported into the country.
B.    The telecommunication equipment that would be imported into S if the exemption were to be granted would not be available solely to top development officials in S.
C.    A majority of the members of R’s legislature do not favor exempting telecommunication equipment from the ban on exports to Country S.
D.    Of all exports that could be sent to Country S, telecommunication equipment would be the most effective in helping citizens of S oppose that country’s repressive government.
E.    Without pressure from Country R, the government of S would be able to continue repressing its citizens indefinitely.

D为什么不对？谢谢啦~~

aomeisoft7

两道关于养老金增长的问题~~~

87.    (31284-!-item-!-188;#058&005747)

Two years ago, the government of Runagia increased by 20 percent the government-provided pensions paid to Runagians over 65.  The aim of the increase was to stimulate the economy in the rural regions of the country, where most pension recipients live.  Statistics, however, show that there has been no increase in economic activity in those regions since then, but that there has been noticeably more spending in the urban areas.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the increase resulted in the unintended state of affairs described?
A. Until the pensions were increased, many Runagians over 65 in rural regions had been receiving support from their children who live in urban areas.
B. The pensions were increased when the number of people below the poverty level in rural areas of Runagia reached an all-time high.
C. City-dwellers in Runagia rarely travel to rural regions of the country.
D. The Runagian postal system is so inefficient that it can take up to three weeks for pension checks to reach recipients in rural areas.
E. On average, the pensions were higher in rural than in urban areas before the increase.
我是这样了理解题目的：政府为了发展rural地区的经济，增加了生活在rural老年人的养老金，但是效果不佳，反而是urban地区消费多了，rural没有，解释为什么。
答案是A。这题我看完后觉得哪个都联系不到题上去~~~望解答。

-- by 会员 Helloface (2010/9/24 15:54:20)

R政府养老金发放增加20%，希望刺激农村经济。然而数据显示，养老金增加后，农村经济没有增长，而城市经济却大幅度增长。求解释


A. Until the pensions were increased, many Runagians over 65 in rural regions had been receiving support from their children who live in urban areas.
养老金增加前，很多农村老人得到在城里的孩子的经济资助（即养老金增加后，孩子就停止经济资助了。那么老人的收入没变，孩子可支出收入增多，解释了现象）


B. The pensions were increased when the number of people below the poverty level in rural areas of Runagia reached an all-time high. 贫困水平的人数空前多时，补助增多。无关
C. City-dwellers in Runagia rarely travel to rural regions of the country. 城市居民很少去农村旅游。。无关
D. The Runagian postal system is so inefficient that it can take up to three weeks for pension checks to reach recipients in rural areas. 邮政没有效率。无关
E. On average, the pensions were higher in rural than in urban areas before the increase. 养老金增加前，农村资助比城市资助多。无关

aomeisoft7

86.    (24835-!-item-!-188;#058&001244)

Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Concerned about the financial well-being of its elderly citizens, the government of Runagia decided two years ago to increase by 20 percent the government-provided pension paid to all Runagians over 65.  Inflation in the intervening period has been negligible, and the increase has been duly received by all eligible Runagians.  Nevertheless, many of them are no better off financially than they were before the increase, in large part because __________.
A. they rely entirely on the government pension for their income
B. Runagian banks are so inefficient that it can take up to three weeks to cash a pension check
C. they buy goods whose prices tend to rise especially fast in times of inflation
D. the pension was increased when the number of elderly Runagians below the poverty level reached an all-time high
E. in Runagia children typically supplement the income of elderly parents, but only by enough to provide them with a comfortable living
这道我觉得应该选C，为什么答案是E呢？孩子给老人的钱，和政府的补助有什么关联？孩子给老人的钱只能提供个温饱，加上政府给的，那不就应该更好了么。为何是E啊？

-- by 会员 Helloface (2010/9/24 15:54:20)

这和上面那一题思路是一样的
E. in Runagia children typically supplement the income of elderly parents, but only by enough to provide them with a comfortable living
孩子给的钱，只使 老人 能维持在温饱水平。比如温饱要500，政府补贴400，孩子就给100
现在政府多出100，政府补贴了500，老人到温饱了，孩子就不补助了

aomeisoft7

10. In order to pressure the government of Country S to become less repressive, some legislators in Country R want to ban all exports from R to S. Companies in R that manufacture telecommunication equipment such as telephones and fax machines have argued that exports of their products should be exempted from the ban, on the ground that it is impossible for a country to remain repressive when telecommunication equipment is widely available to the population of that country.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument given by the manufacturers depends?

A.    The government of S has recently increased the amount of telecommunication equipment it allows to be imported into the country.
B.    The telecommunication equipment that would be imported into S if the exemption were to be granted would not be available solely to top development officials in S.
C.    A majority of the members of R’s legislature do not favor exempting telecommunication equipment from the ban on exports to Country S.
D.    Of all exports that could be sent to Country S, telecommunication equipment would be the most effective in helping citizens of S oppose that country’s repressive government.
E.    Without pressure from Country R, the government of S would be able to continue repressing its citizens indefinitely.

D为什么不对？谢谢啦~~

-- by 会员 songhanxiao (2010/9/24 16:34:42)

R 强制 S国 更民主less repressive。立法者提议 限制 R向S的出口。通讯公司 反对，指出 一旦通讯产品广泛应用，S国 肯定会民主，而不能维持repressive
求假设


B.    The telecommunication equipment that would be imported into S if the exemption were to be granted would not be available solely to top development officials in S.
进口到S国的通讯产品不会被高层控制（即会被大众广泛应用）
取非，若被高层控制，就不会widely available to the population of that country，削弱结论，即为假设


D.    Of all exports that could be sent to Country S, telecommunication equipment would be the most effective in helping citizens of S oppose that country’s repressive government.

带有most 这类绝对的词 的选项，基本上 都是错的！
通讯是最有效的反对repressive的方式。 取非，通讯不是最有效的，但是，只要它有效，还是可以支持结论的。

songhanxiao

原来如此！诶。。我纠结了半天。。。十分感谢啊！

songhanxiao

The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from Earth. A device has recently been invented, however, that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip. Therefore, it is possible for people to go to Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.    The amount of fuel needed for a spacecraft to return from Mars is the same as the amount of fuel needed to travel from Earth to Mars.
B.    The fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere would not differ in composition from the fuel used to travel to Mars.
C.    The device for manufacturing fuel from the Martian atmosphere would not take up any of the spaceship crew’s living space.
D.    A conventional spacecraft equipped with the device would not be appreciably more expensive to construct than current spacecraft typically are.
E.    The device for manufacturing fuel for the return to Earth weighs less than the tanks of fuel that a conventional spacecraft would otherwise need to carry from Earth for the return trip.

这个A中也提到了重量，我觉得这也算是一个必须的假设。。因为如果去和回来fuel的量不一样的话，有可能会导致飞船飞不回来不是吗？求帮忙解答一下~多谢了！答案是E。