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- 2022-6-4
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main idea:
structure:补充前四段:
p1: experiment design
- that's a turning point of the author's study
-the design of the model and the real room
-the process of the experiment
p2: experiment result:
-3-year-olds passed while 2.5-year-olds failed
p3: inspried by the study
-memory study is actually a symbolic understanding study
p4: the symbolic representation of human distinguish us and other creatures
-transmit information from one generation to another, making culture consists
-learn things we never directly experienced
-the author thinks it will be most intersting to study how young children use and understand the symbolic representation and how they master the symbolic items
original:
p1. describe a phenomenon that infants and young adult mingle up picture and object
- to understand pictures, the dual representations must be achieved:1. what it stands for; 2.the relation between the object and the picture
p2.what the author originally thought is that the phenomenon is rare and hard to study while the fact is reverse
p3.experiment process conducted by the author and other 3 experts and they found 9 months old infants reach out to feel, touch and tap the picture
p4. another study conducted in b village helped the author understand how universal the phenomenon is
-process:the baby in b manually explore the depicted picture
p5. but symbol confusion is just conceptual not perceptual and not only happens in picture but also happens in video
-infants usually choose the real thing when offered picture and the object
-result of ms‘s study shows the infants try to touch thing showed in screen
p6. but as getting to be 18 months, infants get to know the picture represent a real thing
- study shows that the infants does't act when showed line picture of x x x
p7. reason 1 of the decline of manual interaction is that the development of inhibitory control, which helps the infants curb the pulses of taking action and let them understand that the symbol is used for contemplation and conversation
p8. another reason is that experience with pictures grows along with the growing age
p9. supplement for p8: still take years to understand the real meaning of picture
- study of 4 years old child support the claim
p10.pictures are not the only source of symbolic confusion and the author points out that there are few study on the confusion and decides to study that field.
- several observations provide fact base for the author's study purpose
new words:
perplexing: 复杂的,令人费解的
manually: 手动地
whisk: 掸子
inhibitory control: 禁止控制
to the astonishment of me: 使得某人惊讶的是
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