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265. doll 实验
P1- 20 years ago, I had been studying toddler memory. We use a small-scale model of a room to test whether children could use their memory to figure out where to find the toy in the large room.
P2 - It turned that the 3-year-olds were very successful while the 2.5-year-olds failed abysmally.
P3 - I realized that my memory study was instead a study of symbolic undrestanding and the failure of the younger children might be telling us about how and when youngsters acquire the ability to understand that one object can stand for another.
P4 - Our ability to create and manipulate symbolic representations distinguishes human from other creatures. It is fascinating to find out how young children begin to use and understand symbolic objects and how they come to master the symbolic items ubiquitous in modern life.
P5 - We discovered that infants initially find pictures perplexing since all symbolic objects have duality.
P6 - My colleagues DHU, SLP and KSR and I decided to investigate whether a baby would try to pick up a depicted apple.
P7 - To our surprise, every child of the tested 9-month-olds reached out to feel the pictures.
P8 - We tested again in a remote Beng village in Ivory Coast and observed the same reactions from babies.
P9 - Babies can perfectly perceive the difference between pictures and objects but they explore, and only the depicted object that is similar to the object it represents.
P10 - By 18 months, babies have come to appreciate that a picture merely represents a real thing.
P11 - We think one fact contributes to the decline of manual exploration of pictures is the development of inhibitory control.
P12 - Experience with pictures must play a role in this development as well.
P13 - It takes several years for the nature of pictures to be completely understood.
P14 - Pictures are not the only source of symbol confusion for young children. We dicided to study children's behaviors.
toddler 幼儿
upholstered 软垫的
dub 叫作
abysmally 极度地,糟糕地
duality 二重性
inhibitory 抑制性
curb 抑制
contemplation 凝视,冥想,欣赏
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