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Paragraph 1: Production efficiency = full system cost + value。 背景知识介绍,定义production efficiency.
Resource inefficiencies are obvious:
1. incomplete material utilization and poor process control (waste, defects, and stored materials).
2. Hidden cost – discarded packages
Resources are lost: discard usable material and customer pay for product disposal
Paragraph 2: Environmental improvement efforts: pollution control > system cost traditionally(就要预测到后面有变化)。 Reactive approach – find, process and dispose wastes, $$$. Recently, preventative approach – source reduction. 第二段挺好的,往好的方向转变了。 下面再说什么呢? 只能再转折了。
Paragraph 3: But 引出新观点(but 什么呢?只能说想到prevention 虽然好但是没有实现resource efficiency). Companies must learn to frame evn. Improvement for resource productivity – shift attention to opportunity cost from actual costs of dealing with pollution. (公司都在强调减轻或者处理污染的花销,他们应该看看浪费的东西的价值)。 Resource PI = env. Improv. +competitiveness (下面该说什么了,要么怎么去做这件事,要么是这个新的看法会带来什么样的影响)
Paragraph 4: view (pollution as resource ineff.) led to revolution (1980s) and its lessons (its = revolution’s). Today, it is easy for us to know that innovation – quality increase and lower cost. (这又是好的,下面怎么写呢? 又要没话找话说了,只能再转折了)
Paragraph 5: But as recently as 15 years ago, (时间线拉到现在)。Managers think there was a fixed trade off – 鱼和熊掌不可兼得。(下面就开始解释为什么是这样了)improving quality cost $$$. 这是一个old view – it assumed that both product design and production processes were fixed. (下面就要说new view 了,推测就知道要说不是fixed, 是可以优化的) 。 Companies now include quality into the process. New mindset unleased the power of innovation to relax or eliminate what the companies had previously accepted as fixed trade-offs. (下面再说什么呢? 我反正是想不到了).
P6: 看到第6段我才意识到第5段提到的是defects only. 第6段,开门见山了,说和defect 一样,污染也能够暴露生产设计和生产过程中的缺陷。 每段的第一句话很重要。 可以像处理残次品造成的浪费一样的方法来处理污染带来的问题。Use inputs more efficiently, eliminate the need for toxic material and unneeded activities. 下面就是给了evidence, 一个是general example, 一个是具体的example (Dow chemical company).
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