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P1 引入halo effect这个概念 并对其做了解释:它描述了在大体的印象下做出具体的推断
P2 开始举例论证 先说一个很诱人的claim balabala…然后进一步研究说明了这些数据的来源都被halo effect给undermine了,在段末给出结论,因果关系的方向是错误的。
P3 对上述的现象做出原因解释:在竞争性市场经济中,企业表现是相对的而不是绝对的。成功和失败不仅仅取决于一个公司的决定还取决于他的竞争对手。最后作者给出改善经营活动的建议和方法。
Seductive 诱人的 hew to 遵守
在CD论坛上翻到这篇文章的后续 原文链接 https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-416546-1-1.html
Consider General Motors. In 2005 GM’s debt was reduced to junk bond status—hardly a vote of confidence from financial markets. Yet compared with the automobiles GM produced in the 1980s, its cars today boast better quality, additional features, superior comfort, and improved safety. Owing to myriad of factors including the increased prominence of Japanese and South Korean automakers, 这里貌似V9题目的答案。“第三段提到的汽车产业公司例子意味着下列什么?”— 选项有likely not to a fixed strategy和other competitors significantly outperforms the company”我认为应该是后者 GM’s share of the US market keeps slipping, from 35 percent in 1990 to 29 percent in 1999 and 25 percent in 2005. Its declining performance must be understood in relative terms. Paradoxically, the rigors of competition from Asian automakers are precisely what have stimulated GM to improve. Is GM a better automaker than it was a generation ago? Yes, if we look at absolute measure. But that’s little comfort to its employees or shareholders.
The delusion of absolute performance is very important because it suggests that a company can achieve high performance by following a simple formula, regardless of the actions of competitors. If left unchecked, executives may avoid decisions that, although risky, could be essential for success. Once we see that performance is relative, however, it becomes obvious that a company can never achieve success simply by following certain steps, no matter how serious its intentions. High performance comes from doing things better that rivals can, which means that managers have to take risks.V11:问如果一个公司效益好,士气高说明什么,两个选项很难选:1个是说他们很可能没有遵循top selling business book 中的策略。另一个说他们有可能喜欢承担风险。显然high performance...这句话更直接地回答了问题:take risks。This uncomfortable truth recognizes that some elements of business performance are beyond our control, yet it is an essential concept that clear-thinking executives must grasp.
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