l If product has finite selling season and demand.retail overstock is a possibility. -anticipating how such surplus will devalue, the retailer may stockless of the item than the manufacturer. -manufacturer return policies and markdown money are two common strategies to combat, both work by decreasing the net cost of overstock. l Return policies are often observed when demand is unpredictable and the risk is high. -markdown money has a rich tradition among products facing such environments. -however, nothing in our discussion far suggests either method might be preferable to the other l Academic literature is silent. -return policies are well-studied as discussed in greater detail. -these works advocate return policies as a way to improve the eddiciency of the channel to the benefit -however, this conclusion relies on two assumptions in question:1、the physical return of product does not incur cost, and 2 the channel members are equally effective at liquidating overstock l Recover value is a professional competency , and parties have differennt aptitude and tolerance. -the retailer has the most immediate option. -access to markets and advanntage are among the reasons that a retail channel would be used and factors should persist the clearance phase. -however, if calue comes from raw materials , the manufacturer have advantage. -a manufacturer assemble an assortment -aging of pruduct and damaage should be considered. Similar points are raised but not pursued.
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