tania的考试复习计划贴：谢谢大家的帮助和支持！！M51,V41,760!

vacationer

以下是引用babypace在2005-9-7 22:48:00的发言：

tony的解释太清晰了。我明白了。前两天家里领导还纠正了我独立主格上的浆糊，今天看到，仍旧反应迟钝。哎，该是被领导骂的。

恩,大牛就是大牛

西西,这题我跟大牛看法一样

wwwhahchn

以下是引用tania在2005-9-7 22:17:00的发言：

吃速冻饺子和包子，或者是方便面，顶多煮个蛋加个肠，生活好艰苦的，只有早饭营养丰富，牛奶、鸡蛋加全麦面包

不过准备这段时间要加强锻炼顺便吃的好一点，不然真的坚持不下去了

明天做28，跟你讨论一下，不过网上有一些其他人做的答案，就在困境区的一个帖子里，忘了什么名字了

不行了，好困，去睡了

可怜啊，还好这种苦日子就快过去了，加油，坚持到底！！

wwwhahchn

以下是引用vacationer在2005-9-7 23:19:00的发言：

哇,早餐好丰盛啊! 我早上要是吃了东西做题就犯困,现在每天只敢喝杯牛奶

不吃早餐不好的，我现在每天早上起来都饿得要命

vacationer

GWD12

      The term “episodic memory” was

       introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

       considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line       the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)      to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

(10)      memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to

(15)      examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

(20)      scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

       jays to remember the type, location, and

       freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another.  Jays

(25)      prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

(30)      information about the what, the where,

and the when.  Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

       reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q4:

The primary purpose of the passage is to

              

1. explain how the findings of a particular experiment have been interpreted and offer an alternative interpretation
   



2. describe a particular experiment and point out one of its limitations
   



3. present similarities between human memory and animal memory
   



4. point out a flaw in the argument that a certain capacity is uniquely human
   



5. account for the unexpected behavior of animal subjects in a particular experiment

大家都在争论A,B,为什么我觉得是D呢?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q7:

It can be inferred from the passage that both Tulving and Clayton would agree with which of the following statements?

1. Animals’ abilities to use information about a specific past event are not conclusive evidence of episodic memory.
   



2. Animals do not share humans’ abilities to reexperience the past through memory.
   



3. The accuracy of animals’ memories is difficult to determine through direct experimentation.
   



4. Humans tend to recollect single bits of information more accurately than do animals.
   



5. The binding of different kinds of information is not a distinctive feature of episodic memory.

这题B好像也对啊,现在阅读越做越差了

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-9-8 9:00:39编辑过]

vacationer

以下是引用wwwhahchn在2005-9-8 0:02:00的发言：


不吃早餐不好的，我现在每天早上起来都饿得要命

啊,我跟你完全相反,早上起来吃不进什么东西,而且这里只有面包或者cereal之类,一点儿都不好吃

wwwhahchn

以下是引用vacationer在2005-9-8 8:59:00的发言：

GWD12

      The term “episodic memory” was

       introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

       considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line       the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)      to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

(10)      memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to

(15)      examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

(20)      scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

       jays to remember the type, location, and

       freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another.  Jays

(25)      prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

(30)      information about the what, the where,

and the when.  Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

       reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q4:

The primary purpose of the passage is to

              

1. explain how the findings of a particular experiment have been interpreted and offer an alternative interpretation
   
   



2. describe a particular experiment and point out one of its limitations
   
   



3. present similarities between human memory and animal memory
   
   



4. point out a flaw in the argument that a certain capacity is uniquely human（highlight部分说明Clayton的experiment还有缺陷，并不能确定动物是否有espisode memory，他把它定义为"episode-like" memory，所以没有point out a flaw）
   
   



5. account for the unexpected behavior of animal subjects in a particular experiment

大家都在争论A,B,为什么我觉得是D呢?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q7:

It can be inferred from the passage that both Tulving and Clayton would agree with which of the following statements?

1. Animals’ abilities to use information about a specific past event are not conclusive evidence of episodic memory.
   
   



2. Animals do not share humans’ abilities to reexperience the past through memory.（文中没有Tulving对动物是否有abilities to reexperience ... 的表述，Clayton则是不确定，见highlight部分）
   
   



3. The accuracy of animals’ memories is difficult to determine through direct experimentation.
   
   



4. Humans tend to recollect single bits of information more accurately than do animals.
   
   



5. The binding of different kinds of information is not a distinctive feature of episodic memory.

这题B好像也对啊,现在阅读越做越差了

大家讨论

v22

哇..大家讨论GWD好热闹

tania

先把今天做的gwd－28的研究结果贴上来，基本上同意phdman的答案：

EEC*？,ECCBC,CDCED,BAEDE,ADCEC,*DECD,ECA**,*BAAC,B

我觉得第五题没有答案

但对其中两题（24、28）有些疑惑

24、

Until the passage of the Piracy and Counterfeiting Amendments Act in 1982, a first-time charge of copyright infringement was merely a misdemeanor charge, federal prosecutors being unlikely in pursuing criminal copyright infringers, while offenders were subject to relatively small penalties.

A: charge, federal prosecutors being unlikely in pursuing criminal copyright infringers, while offenders were

B: charge, with federal prosecutors who were unlikely to pursue criminal copyright infringers, offenders being

C: charge, federal prosecutors unlikely to pursue criminal copyright infringers, while offenders were

D: charge; therefore, federal prosecutors were unlikely in pursuing criminal copyright infringers and offenders being

E: charge; therefore, federal prosecutors were unlikely to pursue criminal copyright infringers, and offenders were

答案选e，我选的c，觉得c有他的道理啊

一是a first-time charge of copyright infringement was merely a misdemeanor charge与后面的offenders were subject to relatively small penalties直接对应，逻辑上清晰，这里的while做同时讲

二是federal prosecutors unlikely to pursue criminal copyright infringers做独立主格，也没有改变句子原意

E虽然没有什么错误，但总觉得跟原文的意思有些不同了，原文并没有将后两者（federal prosecutors 和offenders）的行为作为misdemeanor的结果啊

刚刚查了一下独立主格的用法，可以用在句子中间，例句如下：

The coward was backing，his face being deathly pale，toward another room．

第28题是个逻辑题，现在还没有人讨论过，（看来偶比较笨），我在逻辑区发了个帖子，链接如下，大家要去讨论帮助我哦，先谢谢了

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=24&id=131287

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-9-8 12:46:50编辑过]

tania

gwd－12同意3w的意见

babypace

嗯。我ＧＷＤ１２－４，１２－７是选Ｂ和Ａ的。