【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-8】

纽约我爱你

1~41s

Premise: people who know much about the issue are excluded out of it

Conclusion: it’s unfair for the issue.

Weaken: people who know more, bias more.

Answer: B

2~34s

Premise: the catfish swim awkward before earthquake

Conclusion: scientists want to monitor catfish to predict earthquake

Weaken: 1.the fish won’t do so under monitoration

2.The fish don’t do so only before an earthquake

Answer: E

3~45s

Premise: the city is going to build some facilities to attract new citizens

Conclusion: the plan wants to build them without cost to the city

Flaw: 想、想不出来……orz这两者我怎么觉得没关系的……

Answer：A 1’21’’

4~41s

Premise: 1.the cent-off strategy is used to make the new-buyers loyal

2.the manager of a new production uses this strategy

Conclusion: he hopes to attract new consumers.

Weaken: 1.once he stop the strategy, the consumers will leave

2.other companies may use the same strategy

Answer: D 2’07’’

正解：B
这个题我看了有一阵子，问题主要还出在理解上。阅读能力是硬伤……

5~19s

Premise: the state spent more money on road than any other states did

Conclusion: the idea that it has inadequate road system is wrong

Flaw: 1. the money are spent on the repairation of the road

2.the labor at that state is expensive, the money are just for the pay

Answer: E 44s

okplokpl0714

精练：
People excluded from juries for trials where issue is relevant-->trial by jury is not a fair means
题目看不懂，先蒙一个答案吧：A
重新分析：
Pre：People who have specialized knowledge about a
scientific or technical issue are systematically
excluded from juries for trials where the issue is
relevant.
Con：trial by jury is not a fair means of
settling disputes involving such issues.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument
前提：拥有科学或技术的专业知识的人被系统性地排除在与其知识无关的陪审团外
结论：陪审团审讯不是一个公平的举动
削弱答案：B
在陪审团里的陪审员涉及到科学或技术专业知识越多，陪审员在陪审开始前受到偏见的可能性越大




逻辑链：
29.scientist invest techniques for advance warning of dangerous to reduce danger
catfish swin erratically before earthquakes-->propose catfish to predict earthquakes
削弱猜测：catfish有自身缺陷，不能完全预测地震
Answer：C

30.city plans attract new citizen with new facilities.
One of plan is to seek permission no cost
削弱猜测：这个计划肯定有所代价
Answer：E
答案是A，之前没有看懂。。。猜测方向是对的。。

31.coupons-->hope consumer loyalty
So initial of new brand X ,HI should coupon
削弱猜测：coupon策略在某些情况下失效
Answer：B

32.business people not to our state beileve we have inadequate road system.
each of the past six years,our state spend more on road improvement-->those people are mistaken
削弱猜测：花得多不说明路好
Answer：E

Feelalive

路过～～～～～～～～～～～

Mint静默

1.People who have specialized knowledge about a
scientific or technical issue are systematically
excluded from juries for trials where the issue is
relevant. Thus, trial by jury is not a fair means of
settling disputes involving such issues.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument?
计时：25’
Premise: Expertised people are excluded from the juries for trials.
Conclusion: Trials by jury is not a fair means of setting disputes involving such issues.
推测（weaken）
People who have specialized knowledge 容易产生bias. 对 the judgment有害。
(A) The more complicated the issue being litigated,
the less likely it is that a juror without
specialized knowledge of the field involved
will be able to comprehend the testimony
being given.
Support
(B) The more a juror knows about a particular
scientific or technical issue involved in a
trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be
prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating
parties before the trial begins.
Correct
(C) Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair
means of settling disputes involving
scientific or technical issues, because
arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which
both parties compromise on the issues.
impartial arbitrator不知是指谁，若是指expertised people就可以
(D) Experts who give testimony on scientific or
technical issues tend to hedge their
conclusions by discussing the possibility of
error.
审慎的对待自己的结论应该更加fair 才对
(E) Expert witnesses in specialized fields often
command fees that are so high that many
people involved in litigation cannot afford
their services.
Fees不在讨论范围内
T2 22’ 选E
T3 20’ 选A
T4 23’ 选B
T5 17’ 选E

Elisha728

5'46''BEABE

lyrsilvia

B EABE
1. 25‘
P: .People who have specialized knowledge about a scientific or technical issue are systematically excluded from juries for trials where the issue is relevant.
C: trial by jury is not a fair means of settling disputes involving such issues.
Weaken: exclude makes more fair
答案：B
(A) The more complicated the issue being litigated, the less likely it is that a juror without specialized knowledge of the field involved will be able to comprehend the testimony being given.----------STRENGTHEN
(B) The more a juror knows about a particular scientific or technical issue involved in a trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating parties before the trial begins.----------point out the disadvantage to include expert. WEAKEN,CORRECT
(C) Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair means of settling disputes involving scientific or technical issues, because arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which both parties compromise on the issues.---------------impartial arbitrator is not appear in the question
(D) Experts who give testimony on scientific or technical issues tend to hedge their conclusions by discussing the possibility of error.-----------------means discuss can reduce the risk to make unfair conclusion, means exclude some experts will not affect the fair conclusion. SUPPORT
(E) Expert witnesses in specialized fields often command fees that are so high that many people involved in litigation cannot afford their services.--------------fees are not discussed in the question, is not the question we have to consider. irrelevant

2. 17'
P: catfish swim erratically before earthquakes
C: proposed monitoring catfish to predict dangerous earthquakes.
Undermines the usefulness of the proposal: catfish are not very good sign to predict earthquakes
答案：E
(A) In Japan, which is subject to frequent earthquakes, the behavior of catfish has long been associated with earthquakes.----------prove that the catfish is useful. SUPPORT
(B) Mechanical methods for detecting earthquakes have not proved effective.---------------other methods are not discussed.
(C) Tremors lead to the release of hydrogen sulfide gas into water, thereby causing various fish and shellfish to behave erratically.--------------explain the reason why catfish are useful. irrelevant
(D) Careful construction can reduce the dangers posed by earthquakes.---------explain the importance of construction, but not the importance of forecast.
(E) Even very slight, fleeting tremors cause catfish to swim erratically.------------means catfish forecasting is not useful because slight fleeting tremors will not lead to earthquake. thus it is useless to alert people about those slight tremors. CORRECT

3. 26'
P: developers provide facilities, city cost nothing,
C: attract new citizens with new housing and new facilities
Flaw in plan: facilities will not attract citizens
答案：A
(A) Developers would pass along their costs to the buyer, thereby raising the cost of housing units beyond the ability of likely purchasers to afford them.-----------CORRECT. means facilities will not attract citizens because of the high price
(B) Light, nonpolluting industries have located in the area, offering more jobs and better-paying jobs than do the more-established industries in the area.------------Support the plan
(C) Other towns and cities nearby have yet to embark on any comparable plans to attract new citizens.----------Support the plan to attract citizens
(D) Most developers see the extra expense of providing municipal facilities as simply one of the many costs of doing business.-------------what developers see is not related to where citizens will be attracted
(E) Studies show that purchasers of new houses, especially first-time buyers, rank recreational resources as an important factor in deciding to buy a particular house.--------Support the plan

4. 22'
BG: issue coupons to get consumers and hope consumers to become loyalty.
P: HI should issue cents-off coupons
C:  attracting a large segment of potential consumers as loyal customers
Doubt the strategy: coupons are not guarantee to generate loyalty customers
答案： B
(A) Many consumers are unlikely to try new brands of products unless offered an inducement to do so.-------"many" here is too vague to be justify; inducement here means the coupons. this statement just state when customers can be attracted to try new brands, but nothing about the loyalty
(B) The consumers whose purchases are strongly influenced by cents-off coupons tend not to become loyal customers of any particular brand.-----------means coupons cannot guarantee the loyalty.CORRECT
(C) Many grocery stores attract customers by doubling the face value of manufacturer's coupons.--------------this just the action that many stores uses. the outcome is not know, so it cannot conclude sufficient outcome.
(D) Typically less than one-third of the coupons issued by a manufacturer are redeemed by consumers.------------means coupons are not effective used by customers, but does not mention the loyalty. if some customers use coupons and become loyalty customer, the plan is still  useful.
(E) A marketing campaign that uses cents-off coupons is most effective when combined with a television advertising campaign.-------------means tv ad campaign should be added. this is not discussed in the question.

5. 17'
P: our state has spent more money per mile on road improvements than any other state.
C: we have adequate road system
Undermine: spend more≠better
答案：E
(A) In the spokesperson's state, spending on road improvements has been increasing more slowly over the past six years than it has in several other states.---------what spending changes do not affect the situation.we cannot conclude the current situation about road system
(B) Adequacy of a state's road system is generally less important to a businessperson considering doing business there than is the availability of qualified employees.---------important to businessperson is not discussed in the question
(C) Over the past six years, numerous businesses have left the spokesperson's state, but about as many businesses have moved into the state.---------businesses move out and move in do not wholly reflect the rode system
(D) In general, the number of miles of road in a state's road system depends on both the area and the population of the state.------------the number of miles is not discussed in the question. we just focus on the quality
(E) Only states with seriously inadequate road systems need to spend large amounts of money on road improvements.--------------means more spend reflect the poor condition.CORRECT

meckyona

.People who have specialized knowledge about a
scientific or technical issue are systematically
excluded from juries for trials where the issue is
relevant. Thus, trial by jury is not a fair means of
settling disputes involving such issues.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument?

A.        This strengthen the conclusion
B.        This weaken the conclusion,right
C.        Irrelevant
D.        Possibilities are irrelevant
E.        Costs have nothing to do with fair

To reduce the danger to life and property posed by major earthquakes, scientists have been investigating several techniques for giving advance warning of dangerous earthquakes.  Since catfish swim erratically before earthquakes, some investigators have proposed monitoring catfish to predict dangerous earthquakes.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the usefulness of the proposal?
A this is strenghthen
B
C 原理,irrelevant or strenghthen
D irrelevant
E serious weaken, right

30
A
B irrelevant
C other cities’ plans are irrelevant
D
E irrelevant
这题在A D中摇摆…有点没懂，还是选A，如果房产价格高于支付者能承受的价格，那么不能吸引新移民

31
A there was an inducement
B right
C no
D irrelevant?
E tv is irrelevant

32
A
B 无关
C 无关
D no weaken
E right

OMG难得的全对QWQ渐渐摸到了门道，开心

览物之情

10月9号
1 23s 一
Premise：People who have specialized knowledge about a
scientific or technical issue are systematically
excluded from juries for trials where the issue is
relevant.
Conclusion: Thus, trial by jury is not a fair means of
settling disputes involving such issues.
因果推理：有专业知识的人会被排除作为相关案件的陪审团成员，因此陪审团不是一个公平的解决相关问题的方式。
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
P because people are exclude so it’s fair to judge from a general view point.
(A) The more complicated the issue being litigated,the less likely it is that a juror without
specialized knowledge of the field involved will be able to comprehend the testimony
being given.------- It's not about how complicated the issue is, it's about fair.
B
(B) The more a juror knows about a particular scientific or technical issue involved in a
trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating
parties before the trial begins.--------correct, this is about fair.
(C) Appointing an impartial 公正的arbitrator仲裁人 is not a fair means of settling disputes involving scientific or technical issues, because arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which both parties compromise on the issues.----------support the argument
(D) Experts who give testimony on scientific or technical issues tend to hedge their
conclusions by discussing the possibility of error.---------无关trail
(E) Expert witnesses in specialized fields often command fees that are so high that many
people involved in litigation cannot afford their services.--------it’s about be a jury not provide service.


2 18s
Background : To reduce the danger to life and property posed by major earthquakes, scientists have been investigating several techniques for giving advance warning of dangerous earthquakes.
Premise: Since catfish swim erratically before earthquakes
Conclusion:some investigators have proposed monitoring catfish to predict dangerous earthquakes.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the usefulness of the proposal?
方案评估：有效性，可行性，副作用 E
P： fish may swim erratically due to other factors.
A) In Japan, which is subject to frequent earthquakes, the behavior of catfish has long been associated with earthquakes.---------strength
(B) Mechanical methods for detecting earthquakes have not proved effective.-----strength
(C) Tremors lead to the release of hydrogen sulfide gas into water, thereby causing various fish and shellfish to behave erratically.-----background irrelevant
(D) Careful construction can reduce the dangers posed by earthquakes.---not about fish irrelevant
(E) Even very slight, fleeting tremors cause catfish to swim erratically.------correct.

3 23s
Background: A city plans to attract new citizens with new housing and new facilities such as parks, recreation centers, and libraries.
Plan: One component of the city's plan is to require that developers seeking permission to build this new housing provide these additional facilities at no cost to the city.
Which of the following, if true, would point to a possible flaw in the city's plan?
P : if no cost to the city, there will be cost to new citiszens and increase the housing price.
A
(A)        Developers would pass along their costs to the buyer, thereby raising the cost of housing units beyond the ability of likely purchasers to afford them.-------correct
(B) Light, nonpolluting industries have located in the area, offering more jobs and better-paying jobs than do the more-established industries in the area.-----irrelevant
(C) Other towns and cities nearby have yet to embark on any comparable plans to attract new citizens.--------irrelevant
(D) Most developers see the extra expense of providing municipal facilities as simply one of the many costs of doing business.----------not weaken
(E) Studies show that purchasers of new houses, especially first-time buyers, rank recreational resources as an important factor in deciding to buy a particular house.-----not weaken

4 26s
Premise: Manufacturers issue cents-off coupons to get consumers to try their brand of product with the hope that the consumers who try their brand will switch their brand loyalty.  
Conclusion: So in the initial marketing of their new brand X, Hartman Industries should issue cents-off coupons, thereby attracting a large segment of potential consumers as loyal customers.
因果推理：因果联系 people are less attracted by cents-off coupons B
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the likelihood that the marketing strategy recommended above will have the result that is claimed?
) Many consumers are unlikely to try new brands of products unless offered an inducement to do so.------not about the plan so irrelevant
(B) The consumers whose purchases are strongly influenced by cents-off coupons tend not to become loyal customers of any particular brand.------correct
(C) Many grocery stores attract customers by doubling the face value of manufacturer's coupons.-------not about this plan so irrelevant
(D) Typically less than one-third of the coupons issued by a manufacturer are redeemed by consumers.--------irrelevant
(E) A marketing campaign that uses cents-off coupons is most effective when combined with a television advertising campaign.-----not about loyal.

5 23s
Conclusion: Many businesspeople who have not been to our state believe that we have an inadequate road system.  Those people are mistaken,
Premise: as is obvious from the fact that in each of the past six years, our state has spent more money per mile on road improvements than any other state.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the reasoning in the spokesperson's argument? E
P: 因果推理因果联系　input money does not necessary make the road system good.
(A) In the spokesperson's state, spending on road improvements has been increasing more slowly over the past six years than it has in several other states.
(B) Adequacy of a state's road system is generally less important to a businessperson considering doing business there than is the availability of qualified employees.----irrelevant
(C) Over the past six years, numerous businesses have left the spokesperson's state, but about as many businesses have moved into the state.------irrelevant about the road system
(D) In general, the number of miles of road in a state's road system depends on both the area and the population of the state.-----irrelevant not about the road system
(E) Only states with seriously inadequate road systems need to spend large amounts of money on road improvements.------correct.这题和OG商场价格那题很像。

w.melhere

  1. 23‘  一开始没有看懂'People who have specialized knowledge about a scientific or technical issue are systematically excluded from juries for trials where the issue is relevant.' 这句。做的时候大概用技巧做了下，居然对了~  现在看了NN们的解释终于懂啦！
2. 19’
3. 21‘
4. 28’
5. 18‘
几天做的不错，虽然有几道都是做过的题了~  明天继续！

cecidefok

精练题
P:当审判团有具有与案件相关的专业知识的人时,这些人会被排除在外
C:审判团不是一种公平的方式
问削弱
推测:将有相关知识的人排除在外是公平的,防止了不公平意见的产生
A.说明了专业知识的重要性,没削弱
B.有专业知识的人可能会prejudge,这样会不公平...所以这方面上,审判团是公平的,削弱!!
C.提到arbitrator,不相关
D.提到expert不相关
E.与价格无关                选B

29.
P:某种鱼在地震前会不规律地游泳
C:研究人员认为可以用这种鱼来预测地震
问削弱
推测:这种鱼只在弱地震的时候才会不规律游泳..
选E

30.
fact:某市欲通过新住房和新建设施(如公园/娱乐中心/图书馆)来吸引新市民
   此市要求想获得建筑许可的developer不能对city产生cost
问flaw
推测:developer很多是new citizen,没有profit,吸引不了他们
选A

31.
P:生产商会在新出产品进入市场的时候印发优惠券来吸引消费者使用----从而改变他们的loyalty
C:HI退出产品X的时候也应该印发优惠券---从而吸引大量潜在顾客成为loyal customer
问削弱
推测:HI不适合印发优惠券
选B

32.
P:很多没来过我们州的商人认为我们州的道路系统差.其实他们错了,因为我们州每年都会投入比上一面要多的前在道路系统,每公里投入的钱会高于上一年
问削弱
推测:投入钱多,不代表就足够,可能只是修补以前得
选E