【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-8】

srafcatt

精炼15s weaken

because：experts are not allowed in juries

thus:trial is not a fair means in relevant issues



trails represent the majority,so it is fair.

choice:B

A if the trails cannot comprehend the complicated issue then they are likely to make wrong decisions.So this choice strenghten the argument

B this is correct,because of this reason,the trail need to be consisted of normal people.

C this choice strenghten the information listed in the question stem

D this is an irrelevant argument.

E irrelevant information,even if the experts charge a significantly high fees,it does not mean that the trails are not fair.



逻辑链

1.33s weaken

because:catfish swim erratically before earthquakes,some earthquake predictions by them have succeeded.

thus:the danger to life and property can be reduced.



some cases succeed cannot ensure all the time it will work.

choice:C

A strenghten the argument

B irrelevant information

C weaken the argument,since all the aquatic animals will behave erratically,there is no need to observe and only observe the catfish

D irrelevant information

E strenghten the argument





2.39s flaw

premise:the facilities are free

then:the city plan to attract new citizens will succeed.



flaw:even if the facilities are free of charge,the payment to construct them and later fees to mend them will cost the city a lot.

choice:A

A correct,this fact means there virtually is no use of the free facilities.

B strenghten the plan

C irrelevant,the question stem is about the plan,nothing to do with the competitors.

D strenghten the argument by saying that the developers tend to offer free facilities.

E repeat the information in the question stem



3.35s weaken

BG:it is possible to succeed switching the loyalty by issue the cents-off coupon

if:a new brand in initial market wants more customers

then:the manufacturer should issue that coupon.



How about customers who don't care about money and cherish more about quality?

choice:B

A strenghten

B weaken ,correct answer

C although doubling the face value of the coupons,it simply means that the cost will be enlarged but the loyalty has been switched

D but someone's loyalty is still being switched,that hits the target.

E irrelevant information



4.23s weaken

BG:foreighner considers that this country lack of road system

because: spend more money than other states during the past six years

then: foreigners are wrong



more money does not equal quality



choice

A irrelevant,as long as the road system now is great,no one cares about the time that procedure takes.

B irrelevant

C irrelevant

D correct,weaken

E the current situation is the most important.

srafcatt

纠错：逻辑链第一题：E项的意思是即便是十分微小的晃动也会使鲶鱼不安，B项不对是因为别的动物可以预测地震不代表鲶鱼不行。典型的无关信息。

逻辑链最后一题：预测的时候就在想是不是质量不行，即便有公路系统也被认为是不好的。我忽略的是逻辑题要求单词的意思掌握要精确，题目中说的是不充足的道路系统，是量上的不充足。和质量没关系。

下次再做题，一定要反复审题，看好题目的意思再下结论

hanhan1991

1.weaken
1)time:31s/2''16'
2)logical lines:
Premiseeople who have specialized knowledge about a scientific or technical issues are systematically excluded from juries for trails where the issue is relevant.
Conclusion:Trial by jury is not a fair means of settling dispute involing such issues.
3)Predication:
Even if the people of professional knowledge are excluded from the jury, the jury can fairly deal with those issues.
4)Answer:B
A.this strengten the argument.
B.since the professional knownledge affects the attitute of the jury, excluding these people can make the trail more fair.
C.the argument do not concerns about appointing an impartial arbitrator.
D.it can be a contender. however, discussing the possibility of error does not affect the fairness of the trail, so it is irrelevant.
E.fee is irrelevant.

2.weaken
1)time:25s/58'
2)logical lines:
Background:catfish swim erratically before earthquakes
Objective:To predict the earthquakes in advance
Plan: Monitoring the action of catfish
3)Predication:
Monitoring the action of catfish can not predicat the earthquake in advance, since the catfish may swim erratically even when there is no eathquake.
4)Answer:C
A.this strengthen the argument.
B.this irrelevant.
C.it says that the hydrogen sulfide gas but not the tremors cause the catfish swim erratically, which weakens the argument.
****the hydrgen sulfide gas in the water is caused by the temor, so it is the temor caused the catfish swim erratically.
D.irrelevant.
E.this strengthen the argument
****because we can not ditinguish sightly temor from earthquake by the method so the argument can be weakened.

3.flaws
1)time:31s/1''34'
2)logical lines:
Objective:Attract new citizens with new housing and new facilities
Plans:Requrie that developer seeking permission to build this new housing provide these additional facilities at no cost to the city.
3)Prediction:
The proposal might drecrease developers' incentives to build in the city and thus result in fewer houses and facilities.
4)Answer:A
A.If the citizens can not afford to buy a house in the city, they would leave to other cities so the plan is flawed.
B.this is irrelevant.
C.other towns is irrelevant.
D.this is irrelevant or even strengthen the argument.
E.this strengthen the argument.

4.weaken
1)time:30s/1''08'
2)logical lines:
Background:Manufacturers issue cent-off coupons to get consumers to try their product with the hope that the consumers who try their brand will switch their brand loyalty.
Objective:To attract a large segment of potential consumers as loyal customers
Plan:Issue cent-off coupons of thei new brand X.
3)Prediction:
People see products with the cent-off coupons as low quanlity and thus will not buy them in the future.
4)Answer:B
A.this strengthen the argument.
B.even if the store offers the cent-off coupons to its customers, they would not become loyal to the store,which weakens the argument.
C.this is relevant or even strengthen the arguement.
D.it is irrelevant.
E.it is irrelevant.

5.weaken
1)time:21s/57'
2)logical lines:
Premise: The city spends much more money on road improvement than any other cities.
Conclusion: The belief that the road system is poor in this city is flawed.
3)Predication:
Spend more money on road improvement does not equal to the city has adequate road system, it is possible that only the city with poor road system need to spend much more money on the road improvement.
4)Answer:E
A.the icreasing rate of spend on road improvement is irrelevant.
B.it is irrelevant.
C.it is irrelevant.
D.it is irrelevant.
E.it is the same as the prediction.

CD用户825193

1. People who have specialized knowledge about a
scientific or technical issue are systematically
excluded from juries for trials where the issue is
relevant. Thus, trial by jury is not a fair means of
settling disputes involving such issues.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument?
20”+18“+17" (Weak) 【可以先不计时来练习嘛？每次计时都心慌意乱的啊，老是看不清题目。。。o(╯□╰)o】
P:  People have relative knowledge r excluded to such injuries. juries!!!
     eople have specific knowledge of the issues are excluded from juries.
C: Trials include those people are not fair means.
     Trial excluded those people (for such issues) is not fair means.
Pre: There r always a group of people with specific knowledge of some topics
     Specific knowledge of the issues generally make people's judgement unjust.

Answers:
A) The more complicated the issue being litigated,
the less likely it is that a juror without
specialized knowledge of the field involved
will be able to comprehend the testimony
being given.

Here we talk about all issues, nothing about the level of being complicated. [Wrong analysis... this should support the argument]

(B) The more a juror knows about a particular
scientific or technical issue involved in a
trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be
prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating
parties before the trial begins.

CORRECT: Specific knowledge influence a juror's judgement even before the trial.

(C) Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair
means of settling disputes involving
scientific or technical issues, because
arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which
both parties compromise on the issues.

"appointing an impartial arbitrator" is irrelevant to the topic.

(D) Experts who give testimony on scientific or
technical issues tend to hedge their
conclusions by discussing the possibility of
error.

Kinda support the argument, not weaken. [Not relevant to the topic]

(E) Expert witnesses in specialized fields often
command fees that are so high that many
people involved in litigation cannot afford
their services.

"command fees" is irrelevant to the topic.

2. To reduce the danger to life and property posed by major earthquakes, scientists have been investigating several techniques for giving advance warning of dangerous earthquakes.  Since catfish swim erratically before earthquakes, some investigators have proposed monitoring catfish to predict dangerous earthquakes.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the usefulness of the proposal?
20" (Weak)
P: A fish swim erratically before earthquake.
C: Scientists try to use the activity of the fish to warn ppl of the coming earthquake in advance
Pre: The fish only starts to act erratically short before the earthquake, so not enough time for ppl to get rid of the danger.
The fish acts erratically for many reasons, so it's possible that the earthquake is not the reason.
It's hard to observe the fish's activity being erratically?

Answers:
(A) In Japan, which is subject to frequent earthquakes, the behavior of catfish has long been associated with earthquakes.
   Support.
(B) Mechanical methods for detecting earthquakes have not proved effective.
   No fish mentioned, irrelevant.
(C) Tremors lead to the release of hydrogen sulfide gas into water, thereby causing various fish and shellfish to behave erratically.
   It's the reason of fish behave erratically, doesn't harm the argument. Irrelevant.
(D) Careful construction can reduce the dangers posed by earthquakes.
   No fish mentioned. irrelevant.
(E) Even very slight, fleeting tremors cause catfish to swim erratically.
   CORRECT. Just as one pre i mentioned, hahaha...

3.A city plans to attract new citizens with new housing and new facilities such as parks, recreation centers, and libraries.  One component of the city's plan is to require that developers seeking permission to build this new housing provide these additional facilities at no cost to the city.
Which of the following, if true, would point to a possible flaw in the city's plan?

25" (Weak: possible flaw)
P: Government is trying to attract new citizens with more/better public facilities, such as park, libraries...
P: Government requires housing developers to provide more public facilities without cost of the city.
C:
Pre: Developer will transfer the cost to housing buyers -> house price gets high -> less ppl want to move over

Answers:
A) Developers would pass along their costs to the buyer, thereby raising the cost of housing units beyond the ability of likely purchasers to afford them.
   ?CORRECT, but not sure, as no new citizens mentioned. (after reading all other choices, sure of this choice)
(B) Light, nonpolluting industries have located in the area, offering more jobs and better-paying jobs than do the more-established industries in the area.
   Irrelevant with the housing developer plan.
(C) Other towns and cities nearby have yet to embark on any comparable plans to attract new citizens.
   Other towns r irrelevant.
(D) Most developers see the extra expense of providing municipal facilities as simply one of the many costs of doing business.
   Not a flaw.
(E) Studies show that purchasers of new houses, especially first-time buyers, rank recreational resources as an important factor in deciding to buy a particular house.
   Not a flaw.

4. Manufacturers issue cents-off coupons to get consumers to try their brand of product with the hope that the consumers who try their brand will switch their brand loyalty.  So in the initial marketing of their new brand X, Hartman Industries should issue cents-off coupons, thereby attracting a large segment of potential consumers as loyal customers.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the likelihood that the marketing strategy recommended above will have the result that is claimed?

27" (Weak)
P: Free sample can attract potential consumers to change the brand choice and be loyal to the other brand. [I didn't notice if this theory works for all brands or a new brand.]
[F... it was about the cents-off coupons, why I remembered it as free samples? oh, oh, I just got an email inviting me to use their free samples!!!]
C: X Industries should send free samples to get other brand using consumers being loyal to its brand
Pre: ?? The theory doesn't work for new brand.
   Too many free sample will make consumers think the product/brand cheap.
   [Cents-off coupons will harm the profit badly?]

Answers:
(A) Many consumers are unlikely to try new brands of products unless offered an inducement to do so.
   Support
(B) The consumers whose purchases are strongly influenced by cents-off coupons tend not to become loyal customers of any particular brand.
   CORRECT.
(C) Many grocery stores attract customers by doubling the face value of manufacturer's coupons.
   Irrelevant
(D) Typically less than one-third of the coupons issued by a manufacturer are redeemed by consumers.
   Irrelevant
(E) A marketing campaign that uses cents-off coupons is most effective when combined with a television advertising campaign.

   Support


5. State spokesperson:  Many businesspeople who have not been to our state believe that we have an inadequate road system.  Those people are mistaken, as is obvious from the fact that in each of the past six years, our state has spent more money per mile on road improvements than any other state.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the reasoning in the spokesperson's argument?
26" (Weak)
P: Ppl have not been to the state think the road system in the state is inadequate.
P: In the past six years, the state spent more money on road system than any other states.
C: The road system in the state is not inadequate as some ppl said.
Pre: More money ≠ adequate: it might be much worse six years ago, so now even more effort on the system, it's still not good enough.                           spending more money doesn't mean road system improvement

Answers:
(A) In the spokesperson's state, spending on road improvements has been increasing more slowly over the past six years than it has in several other states.
   CORRECT.
[** Increasing slowly doesn't mean inadequate...]
(B) Adequacy of a state's road system is generally less important to a businessperson considering doing business there than is the availability of qualified employees.
   Irrelevant.
(C) Over the past six years, numerous businesses have left the spokesperson's state, but about as many businesses have moved into the state.
   Irrelevant.
(D) In general, the number of miles of road in a state's road system depends on both the area and the population of the state.
   no money spending on the road system mentioned, so irrelevant.
(E) Only states with seriously inadequate road systems need to spend large amounts of money on road improvements.
   Irrelevant to the road system's quality.
[CORRECT, feel like typical GMAT logic... should read and understand the choice more carefully...]

zxppx

1.

People who have specialized knowledge about a
scientific or technical issue are systematically
excluded from juries for trials where the issue is
relevant. Thus, trial by jury is not a fair means of
settling disputes involving such issues.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument?

The argument involves in the line of reasoning that since people with specialized knowledge about a scientific or technical issues are excluded from juries, the trial by jury is not a fair means. Thus, in order to weaken the argument, we need to point out the reason why these people should be excluded from juries for trials, instead of keeping them in the juries. The real challenge of the problem is that the right answer seems to cooperate with the premise, but the truth is that the answer calls question into the conclusion.
Weaken Question Problem Set NO.9

A) The more complicated the issue being litigated,
the less likely it is that a juror without
specialized knowledge of the field involved
will be able to comprehend the testimony
being given

If a juror cannot comprehend the testimony being given, the trial by jury is not a fair means. So a juror needs to comprehend complicated issue by owning specialized knowledge about a scientific or technical issue. On the other hand, we can say that having specialized knowledge about a scientific or technical issue is helpful for jury to make the trial fair. BA

I mistook the meaning of the argument, and the choice A is the opposite answer that strengthens the argument.
(B) The more a juror knows about a particular
scientific or technical issue involved in a
trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be
prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating
parties before the trial begins.

Since the prejudice in the trail, the answer strengthens the argument.

It is the right answer, since it points out the reason why some experts should be excluded from the juries.
(C) Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair
means of settling disputes involving
scientific or technical issues, because
arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which
both parties compromise on the issues.

Shell Game: the argument talks about having a special knowledge about a particular issue, rather than appointing an impartial arbitrator. Even though the conclusion refers to fairness, it does not matter with the fact that arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which both parties compromise on the issue.
(D) Experts who give testimony on scientific or
technical issues tend to hedge their
conclusions by discussing the possibility of
error.

The argument has no relationship with the way experts used to hedge their conclusions.
(E) Expert witnesses in specialized fields often
command fees that are so high that many
people involved in litigation cannot afford
their services.

It cannot solve the fairness referred in the argument.



29.
To reduce the danger to life and property posed by major earthquakes, scientists have been investigating several techniques for giving advance warning of dangerous earthquakes. Since catfish swim erratically before earthquakes, some investigators have proposed monitoring catfish to predict dangerous earthquakes.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the usefulness of the proposal?

(A) In Japan, which is subject to frequent earthquakes, the behavior of catfish has long been associated with earthquakes.

It strengthens the argument.
(B) Mechanical methods for detecting earthquakes have not proved effective.

It does not weaken the argument.
(C) Tremors lead to the release of hydrogen sulfide gas into water, thereby causing various fish and shellfish to behave erratically.

The answer talks about the reason why some fish and shellfish would behave erratically, actually strengthening the argument.
(D) Careful construction can reduce the dangers posed by earthquakes.

It does not refer to the catfish.
(E) Even very slight, fleeting tremors cause catfish to swim erratically.

If the fact is true, the way of catfish to measure earthquake is not valid, since the way is not precise. BA



30.

A city plans to attract new citizens with new housing and new facilities such as parks, recreation centers, and libraries. One component of the city's plan is to require that developers seeking permission to build this new housing provide these additional facilities at no cost to the city.
Which of the following, if true, would point to a possible flaw in the city's plan?

(A) Developers would pass along their costs to the buyer, thereby raising the cost of housing units beyond the ability of likely purchasers to afford them.

If purchaser are less likely to pay for the fees about these new facilities, the plan are more likely to fail. BA
(B) Light, nonpolluting industries have located in the area, offering more jobs and better-paying jobs than do the more-established industries in the area.

It strengthens the argument.
(C) Other towns and cities nearby have yet to embark on any comparable plans to attract new citizens.

The same to B.
(D) Most developers see the extra expense of providing municipal facilities as simply one of the many costs of doing business.

The same to B.
(E) Studies show that purchasers of new houses, especially first-time buyers, rank recreational resources as an important factor in deciding to buy a particular house.

The same to B.



31.
Manufacturers issue cents-off coupons to get consumers to try their brand of product with the hope that the consumers who try their brand will switch their brand loyalty. So in the initial marketing of their new brand X, Hartman Industries should issue cents-off coupons, thereby attracting a large segment of potential consumers as loyal customers.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the likelihood that the marketing strategy recommended above will have the result that is claimed?

(A) Many consumers are unlikely to try new brands of products unless offered an inducement to do so.

Since the Hartman Industries have offered coupons, an inducement for consumers to try new brands of products, the answer does not weaken the argument.
(B) The consumers whose purchases are strongly influenced by cents-off coupons tend not to become loyal customers of any particular brand.

If the answer is true, the argument is heavily weakened, since the Hartman Industries cannot attract enough potential consumers as loyal customers. BA
(C) Many grocery stores attract customers by doubling the face value of manufacturer's coupons.

Shell Game: there is no relationship with grocery stores.
(D) Typically less than one-third of the coupons issued by a manufacturer are redeemed by consumers.

Even though the proportion is not great, it does not mean that brand X could not attract loyal consumers.
(E) A marketing campaign that uses cents-off coupons is most effective when combined with a television advertising campaign.

Even though the coupons alone may be not the most effective, it does not make sure that the plan would fail.

32.
State spokesperson: Many businesspeople who have not been to our state believe that we have an inadequate road system. Those people are mistaken, as is obvious from the fact that in each of the past six years, our state has spent more money per mile on road improvements than any other state.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the reasoning in the spokesperson's argument?

(A) In the spokesperson's state, spending on road improvements has been increasing more slowly over the past six years than it has in several other states.

Even though the spending is slower over the past six years than it was in several other states, the fact does not reveal that this state has not an adequate road system.
(B) Adequacy of a state's road system is generally less important to a businessperson considering doing business there than is the availability of qualified employees.

There is no relationship with the comparison between the adequacy of a state’s road system and the availability of qualified employees.
(C) Over the past six years, numerous businesses have left the spokesperson's state, but about as many businesses have moved into the state.

It does not undermine the argument.
(D) In general, the number of miles of road in a state's road system depends on both the area and the population of the state.

It does not matter with what decides the number of miles of road in a state’s road system.
(E) Only states with seriously inadequate road systems need to spend large amounts of money on road improvements.

This answer rightly points out the reason why the state has spent more money per mile on road improvements than any other state, thus weakening the argument. BA

pennyz

又要拖一天了，叫我拖拖吧！

pennyz

1:59
d
premise:the experts were exclude
conclusion:the disscuss is not fair
rephrase:the expert's idea may be useless
A) The more complicated the issue being litigated,the less likely it is that a juror without specialized knowledge of the field involved will be able to comprehend the testimony being given.-----strengthen,since the decision without expert tends to be wrong
(B) The more a juror knows about a particular scientific or technical issue involved in a
trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating parties before the trial begins.------?shortcomings?
(C) Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair means of settling disputes involving
scientific or technical issues, because arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which
both parties compromise on the issues.-------irrelevant
(D) Experts who give testimony on scientific or technical issues tend to hedge their
conclusions by discussing the possibility of error.-----experts' shortcomings
(E) Expert witnesses in specialized fields often command fees that are so high that many
people involved in litigation cannot afford their services.------irrelevant

pennyz

1:12s weaken
E
premise: c swim erratically before earthquake
conclusionbserve c to forecast earthquake
rephrase:it's hard to detect the action of c
        c may swim erratically because of the reason other than earthquake

2:00s
a
aim:to attract new citizens by new housing and new facilities
methods:ask constructures to build facilities for free
rephrase:free facilities may cause rise in house price
1:30s
b
aim:to lure more potential customers and switch them into loyal consumers
methods: by giving off coupons
rephrase:the consumer may not use these coupons
1:43sweaken
business :fewer roads in the state
state:we spend more money on road improvement than others
rephrase:improvement only on the existence road,no add of the new roads
e

一粒黄豆。

3/12 【1-8】
30’
premise: 有专业知识的人被 excluded from juries
conclusion：trial by jury is not a good means
prephrase:专业知识的人有xxx不好
A 把范围缩小到complicated issue，跟原本重点不一样
B 说了有专业知识的缺点 correct
C 重点说的是arbitrator，跟题干重点不一样
D 说的是give testimony的人，irrelevant
E 讲的是fee，重点错误

-----〉B

28’
premise：catfish swim erratically before earthquakes
conclusion: monitoring catfish to predict dangerous earthquakes
prephrasether factors can also cause the same phenominon
A irrelevant
B irrelevant
C various fish and shellfish貌似无关，但是erratically还是有关的，留着
D irrelevant
E erratically有关，但是这个到底是在support还是weaken呢？

对比CE还是决定选C，因为various fish也包括catfish，导致catfish的行为不能准确预测地震
E好像是说catfish精确度很好，像是support

初选-----〉C

好吧，这道题果然还是错了。。。不过我还是不太能确定E到底是正面还是负面，slight到底是强调他灵敏呢，还是过敏呢？
C可能还是irrelevant面比较大~

正确答案--------〉E

36’
info:city want to attract new citizen with new housing and new facilities
part of the plan require housing developers provide additional facilities

housing+facilities--->1attract new citizen ;2have facilities no cost to city

prephrase:flaw:
1poor quality,can't attract citizens
2 cause other cost to city
A 最终导致can't attract citizens
B job,irrelevant
C other town跟这个计划无关
D support
E support
----->A


33'
premise:manufacturers issue coupin to get loyal customers
conclusion:in the initial marketing of new brand X, HI should issue coupons to attract...
prephrase:is there any difference between brand of product and new brand X? or is there any...between manufacturers and HI?
in other words:some factors may cause HI to fail
A 重点好像有点偏，讲的是怎么改善，而不是coupon本身的问题
B 看起来像正确答案，顾客不loyal
C 其他grocery irrelevant
D 这个是结果，题干说的是建议，而且少于1/3也不能定性为不好
E 什么时候最effective，out of scope
-----〉B

23’
premise:cost more than other states on road in past six years
conclusion:people are mistaken in believing that we have an inadequate road system
prephrase:cost more doesn't mean better, road system is determined by both improvement and initial conditions
A slowly ,irrelevant
B business ,irrelevant
C business,irrelevant
D number of miles of road, irrelevant
E correct
----->E

一粒黄豆。

逻辑链第一题：
premise：catfish swim erratically before earthquakes
conclusion: monitoring catfish to predict dangerous earthquakes
prephrasether factors can also cause the same phenominon
重新看了一下C选项!的确是错的
C重心在前半句：说的是地震引起海洋动物erratically的原因是blablabla，跟catfish能不能用来预测地震无关！！
所以说阅读很重要啊，一个词都不能漏啊！