【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-8】

bananazoo

今天的练习来了~
大家快乐的做题吧~
【精练】
1.People who have specialized knowledge about a
scientific or technical issue are systematically
excluded from juries for trials where the issue is
relevant. Thus, trial by jury is not a fair means of
settling disputes involving such issues.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument?
Weaken Question Problem Set  NO.9
(A) The more complicated the issue being litigated,
the less likely it is that a juror without
specialized knowledge of the field involved
will be able to comprehend the testimony
being given.
(B) The more a juror knows about a particular
scientific or technical issue involved in a
trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be
prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating
parties before the trial begins.
(C) Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair
means of settling disputes involving
scientific or technical issues, because
arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which
both parties compromise on the issues.
(D) Experts who give testimony on scientific or
technical issues tend to hedge their
conclusions by discussing the possibility of
error.
(E) Expert witnesses in specialized fields often
command fees that are so high that many
people involved in litigation cannot afford
their services.

【逻辑链】
29.
To reduce the danger to life and property posed by major earthquakes, scientists have been investigating several techniques for giving advance warning of dangerous earthquakes.  Since catfish swim erratically before earthquakes, some investigators have proposed monitoring catfish to predict dangerous earthquakes.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the usefulness of the proposal?
(A) In Japan, which is subject to frequent earthquakes, the behavior of catfish has long been associated with earthquakes.
(B) Mechanical methods for detecting earthquakes have not proved effective.
(C) Tremors lead to the release of hydrogen sulfide gas into water, thereby causing various fish and shellfish to behave erratically.
(D) Careful construction can reduce the dangers posed by earthquakes.
(E) Even very slight, fleeting tremors cause catfish to swim erratically.

30.
A city plans to attract new citizens with new housing and new facilities such as parks, recreation centers, and libraries.  One component of the city's plan is to require that developers seeking permission to build this new housing provide these additional facilities at no cost to the city.
Which of the following, if true, would point to a possible flaw in the city's plan?
(A) Developers would pass along their costs to the buyer, thereby raising the cost of housing units beyond the ability of likely purchasers to afford them.
(B) Light, nonpolluting industries have located in the area, offering more jobs and better-paying jobs than do the more-established industries in the area.
(C) Other towns and cities nearby have yet to embark on any comparable plans to attract new citizens.
(D) Most developers see the extra expense of providing municipal facilities as simply one of the many costs of doing business.
(E) Studies show that purchasers of new houses, especially first-time buyers, rank recreational resources as an important factor in deciding to buy a particular house.

31.
Manufacturers issue cents-off coupons to get consumers to try their brand of product with the hope that the consumers who try their brand will switch their brand loyalty.  So in the initial marketing of their new brand X, Hartman Industries should issue cents-off coupons, thereby attracting a large segment of potential consumers as loyal customers.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the likelihood that the marketing strategy recommended above will have the result that is claimed?
(A) Many consumers are unlikely to try new brands of products unless offered an inducement to do so.
(B) The consumers whose purchases are strongly influenced by cents-off coupons tend not to become loyal customers of any particular brand.
(C) Many grocery stores attract customers by doubling the face value of manufacturer's coupons.
(D) Typically less than one-third of the coupons issued by a manufacturer are redeemed by consumers.
(E) A marketing campaign that uses cents-off coupons is most effective when combined with a television advertising campaign.

32.
State spokesperson:  Many businesspeople who have not been to our state believe that we have an inadequate road system.  Those people are mistaken, as is obvious from the fact that in each of the past six years, our state has spent more money per mile on road improvements than any other state.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the reasoning in the spokesperson's argument?
(A) In the spokesperson's state, spending on road improvements has been increasing more slowly over the past six years than it has in several other states.
(B) Adequacy of a state's road system is generally less important to a businessperson considering doing business there than is the availability of qualified employees.
(C) Over the past six years, numerous businesses have left the spokesperson's state, but about as many businesses have moved into the state.
(D) In general, the number of miles of road in a state's road system depends on both the area and the population of the state.
(E) Only states with seriously inadequate road systems need to spend large amounts of money on road improvements.

bananazoo

逻辑链答案：  E A B E
精炼解析：
Question #3. December 2003 LSAT, Section #1, #20. The correct answer choice is (B)
The first sentence is a premise, and the second sentence is the conclusion of this argument. To attack this
conclusion, look for an answer choice that shows that the exclusion of knowledgeable individuals from
scientific or technical issue trials is a fair way of proceeding in these trials.
Answer choice (A): This is an Opposite answer that strengthens the conclusion. If specialized knowledge
of these issues makes it more likely that the juror can comprehend the testimony being given, then these
individuals should not be excluded from juries, and their exclusion makes trial by jury an unfair means of
resolving a dispute.
Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer. If the specialized knowledge is likely to produce a
prejudice in a juror, then by all means they should be excluded from the jury. Thus, instead of trial by jury
being an unfair means, it is made more fair by the exclusion of these individuals. The answer is a tricky
one because most people initially think the answer agrees with the argument. It agrees with the principle of
the premise, but not with the conclusion drawn from that premise.
Answer choice (C): This answer simply notes that arbitrators are not a fair means of settling scientific or
technical issue debates. This has no impact on the fairness of jury trials involving these same issues.
Answer choice (D): This answer is about the experts testifying at scientific or technical issue trials. This
information does not attack the claim that jury trials are unfair because of the exclusion of jurors with
knowledge of these issues.
Answer choice (E): This answer can be eliminated by reasoning similar to that used to eliminate answer
choice (D).
——Weaken Question Problem Set  NO.3

xeyyxzty

1.premise:People who have specialized knowledge about a scientific or technical issue are systematically excluded from juries for trials where the issue is relevant.
conclusion: trial by jury is not a fair means of settling disputes involving such issues
呃...想不出来...
(A) The more complicated the issue being litigated, the less likely it is that a juror without specialized knowledge of the field involved will be able to comprehend the testimony being given.
--right
(B) The more a juror knows about a particular scientific or technical issue involved in a trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating parties before the trial begins.
--weaken--right
(C) Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair means of settling disputes involving scientific or technical issues, because arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which both parties compromise on the issues.
--an impartial arbitrator--irrelevant
(D) Experts who give testimony on scientific or technical issues tend to hedge their conclusions by discussing the possibility of error.
--experts, not members of juries--irrelevant
(E) Expert witnesses in specialized fields often command fees that are so high that many people involved in litigation cannot afford their services.

--the fees are irrelevant
反了......原来是没有认真看题...trial by jury ~not people with specialized knowledge
问题是专家被排除在外，陪审团就不公正~反驳，排除后更公正
2.background information:To reduce the danger to life and property posed by major earthquakes, scientists have been investigating several techniques for giving advance warning of dangerous earthquakes.  
premise:catfish swim erratically before earthquakes
conclusion:some investigators have proposed monitoring catfish to predict dangerous earthquakes
earthquakes-->catfish swim erratically,but you cannot get the conclusion that when the fish swim erratically, there is to be an earthquake
(A) In Japan, which is subject to frequent earthquakes, the behavior of catfish has long been associated with earthquakes.
--support
(B) Mechanical methods for detecting earthquakes have not proved effective.
-irrelevant
(C) Tremors lead to the release of hydrogen sulfide gas into water, thereby causing various fish and shellfish to behave erratically.
--irrelevant
(D) Careful construction can reduce the dangers posed by earthquakes.
--irrelevant
(E) Even very slight, fleeting tremors cause catfish to swim erratically.
--too sensitive--right
思路不对~可是想的也没错吧
3. premise:require that developers seeking permission to build this new housing provide these additional facilities at no cost to the city.
conclusion:attract new citizens with new housing and new facilities such as parks, recreation centers, and libraries.
what if people don't care about the new housing and facilities?
(A) Developers would pass along their costs to the buyer, thereby raising the cost of housing units beyond the ability of likely purchasers to afford them.
--weaken--right
(B) Light, nonpolluting industries have located in the area, offering more jobs and better-paying jobs than do the more-established industries in the area.
--irrelevant or support
(C) Other towns and cities nearby have yet to embark on any comparable plans to attract new citizens.
--irrelevant
(D) Most developers see the extra expense of providing municipal facilities as simply one of the many costs of doing business.
--irrelevant
(E) Studies show that purchasers of new houses, especially first-time buyers, rank recreational resources as an important factor in deciding to buy a particular house.

--support
思路又一次远离正确轨道...
4. background information:Manufacturers issue cents-off coupons to get consumers to try their brand of product with the hope that the consumers who try their brand will switch their brand loyalty.
premise: in the initial marketing of their new brand X, Hartman Industries should issue cents-off coupons
conclusion:attracting a large segment of potential consumers as loyal customers
没有想法...
(A) Many consumers are unlikely to try new brands of products unless offered an inducement to do so.
--support
(B) The consumers whose purchases are strongly influenced by cents-off coupons tend not to become loyal customers of any particular brand.
--weaken the proposal--right
(C) Many grocery stores attract customers by doubling the face value of manufacturer's coupons.
--irrelevant
(D) Typically less than one-third of the coupons issued by a manufacturer are redeemed by consumers.
--irrelevant
(E) A marketing campaign that uses cents-off coupons is most effective when combined with a television advertising campaign.

--irrelevant
5.premise: in each of the past six years, our state has spent more money per mile on road improvements than any other state.
conclusion: Many business people who have not been to our state believe that we have an inadequate road system.  they are wrong.
whether the costs to build a certain length of roads are higher than other states?
(A) In the spokesperson's state, spending on road improvements has been increasing more slowly over the past six years than it has in several other states.
--???
(B) Adequacy of a state's road system is generally less important to a businessperson considering doing business there than is the availability of qualified employees.
--irrelevant
(C) Over the past six years, numerous businesses have left the spokesperson's state, but about as many businesses have moved into the state.
--irrelevant
(D) In general, the number of miles of road in a state's road system depends on both the area and the population of the state.
--irrelevant
(E) Only states with seriously inadequate road systems need to spend large amounts of money on road improvements.
--right
思路呀~~~

Jane412

板凳~

Jane412

给逻辑链~

bananazoo

占楼~表示熊熊你太迅速啦~
还有今天昨天耳的都留在明天做~
一会寝室要睡啦~明天有人要考公务员~加油~

小意达de花儿

继续占位嘎

qiuhua01234567

今天比较容易，终于让我喘口气了

1 weaken 20S
Premise: .People who have specialized knowledge about a
scientific or technical issue are systematically
excluded from juries for trials where the issue is
relevant.
Conclusion: trial by jury is not a fair means of
settling disputes involving such issues
(A)    The more complicated the issue being litigated,
the less likely it is that a juror without
specialized knowledge of the field involved
will be able to comprehend the testimony
being given.
---------------------------------------------------------------strong
(B) The more a juror knows about a particular
scientific or technical issue involved in a
trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be
prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating
parties before the trial begins.
------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(C) Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair
means of settling disputes involving
scientific or technical issues, because
arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which
both parties compromise on the issues.
---------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(D) Experts who give testimony on scientific or
technical issues tend to hedge their
conclusions by discussing the possibility of
error.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(E) Expert witnesses in specialized fields often
command fees that are so high that many
people involved in litigation cannot afford
their services.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
3.    weaken 20S
background: To reduce the danger to life and property posed by major earthquakes, scientists have been investigating several techniques for giving advance warning of dangerous earthquakes.
Premise: catfish swim erratically before earthquakes,
Conclusion: some investigators have proposed monitoring catfish to predict dangerous earthquakes
(A)    In Japan, which is subject to frequent earthquakes, the behavior of catfish has long been associated with earthquakes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------strong
(B) Mechanical methods for detecting earthquakes have not proved effective.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(C) Tremors lead to the release of hydrogen sulfide gas into water, thereby causing various fish and shellfish to behave erratically.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(D) Careful construction can reduce the dangers posed by earthquakes.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(E) Even very slight, fleeting tremors cause catfish to swim erratically.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
4.    flaw 20S
ways: attract new citizens with new housing and new facilities such as parks, recreation centers, and libraries
component: developers seeking permission to build this new housing provide these additional facilities at no cost to the city
(A)    Developers would pass along their costs to the buyer, thereby raising the cost of housing units beyond the ability of likely purchasers to afford them.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(B) Light, nonpolluting industries have located in the area, offering more jobs and better-paying jobs than do the more-established industries in the area.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(C) Other towns and cities nearby have yet to embark on any comparable plans to attract new citizens.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(D) Most developers see the extra expense of providing municipal facilities as simply one of the many costs of doing business.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- need money.wrong
(E) Studies show that purchasers of new houses, especially first-time buyers, rank recreational resources as an important factor in deciding to buy a particular house.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent.
5 weaken 25S
Background: Manufacturers issue cents-off coupons to get consumers to try their brand of product with the hope that the consumers who try their brand will switch their brand loyalty
Ways: in the initial marketing of their new brand X, Hartman Industries should issue cents-off coupons
Result: attracting a large segment of potential consumers as loyal customers.
(A)    Many consumers are unlikely to try new brands of products unless offered an inducement to do so.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------have inducement
(B) The consumers whose purchases are strongly influenced by cents-off coupons tend not to become loyal customers of any particular brand.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(C) Many grocery stores attract customers by doubling the face value of manufacturer's coupons.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(D) Typically less than one-third of the coupons issued by a manufacturer are redeemed by consumers.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(E) A marketing campaign that uses cents-off coupons is most effective when combined with a television advertising campaign.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent.
6    25S weaken
Background:Many businesspeople who have not been to our state believe that we have an inadequate road system
Premise: that in each of the past six years, our state has spent more money per mile on road improvements than any other state
Conclusion: Those people are mistaken
A)    In the spokesperson's state, spending on road improvements has been increasing more slowly over the past six years than it has in several other states.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------but improve
(B) Adequacy of a state's road system is generally less important to a businessperson considering doing business there than is the availability of qualified employees.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(C) Over the past six years, numerous businesses have left the spokesperson's state, but about as many businesses have moved into the state.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(D) In general, the number of miles of road in a state's road system depends on both the area and the population of the state.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent
(E) Only states with seriously inadequate road systems need to spend large amounts oaf money on road improvements.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct.

南瓜0729

占

zz42050524

精炼 Weaken  30s
P: People specialized in something are excluded from jury of trail, which has knowledge relevant.
C: It is not fair to have jury with specialized knowledge.
这个题不太懂，理解费劲 。先看答案 我选A 先去见解析
看了xeyyxzty的话才恍然大悟，题都没看看懂逻辑意思。 自己写的结论也是错的。
这道题记录再去好好理解下。

逻辑链 2. Weaken 31s
Scientists found a kind of fish swim erratically before earthquake.
Scientists decided to use the fish warning earthquake.
Pre: The fish also swim erratically in other conditions.
E, 有点偏，意思差不多就是weaken 这个fish预测的不准或者没有价值

3. flaw 33
The city wants to attract citizens with buildings parks and facilities. It requires the developer of buildings to provide facilities with no cost.
Flaw: The developer wouldn’t receive the request even abandon the project in the city, because the cost is much higher than its profits.
又偏了， 羊毛出在养身上， 商人无力不起早， 肯定转嫁给消费者。 答案A

4. Weaken 40s
P: The company wants customs who try its products will become its loyalty, it issues cents-off coupons.

Pre: Customs who try its products with the cents-off coupons will also be attracted by other coupons.
B , 猜中

5. Weaken 26s
P:  Businessmen who have not been to our state say that we are lacking road system. Last six years, we have invested more money per mile than any other state.

Since they lack road system, they put more money in it.
E 老提 第一反应就是答案， 一般来说weaken 投资的多并不代表现在拥有的道路网就足够，一个意思。