NO.1 大全TEST10-2 A manufacturer of men’s dress socks sought to increase profits by increasing sales. The size of its customer pool was remaining steady, with the average customer buying twelve pairs of dress socks per year. The company’s plan was to increase the number of promotional discount-sale periods to one every six months. Which of the following, if it is a realistic possibility, casts the most serious doubt on the viability of the company’s plan? A: The manufacturer’s competitors would match its discounts during sale periods, and its customers would learn to wait for those times to make their purchases. NO.2 大全TEST10-3 Previous studies have indicated that eating chocolate increases the likelihood of getting heart disease. However, a new, more reliable study has indicated that eating chocolate does not increase the likelihood of getting heart disease. When the results of the new study become known, consumption of chocolate will undoubtedly increase. Which of the following is an assumption on which the conclusion above is based? A: There are people who currently limit their consumption of chocolate only because they believe that eating chocolate increases the likelihood of getting heart disease. NO.3 大全TEST10-4 The fossil record shows that the climate of North America warmed and dried at the end of the Pleistocene period. Most of the species of large mammals then living on the continent became extinct, but the smaller mammalian species survived. Which of the following, if true, provides the best basis for an explanation of the contrast described above between species of large mammals and species of small mammals? A: Larger mammals have greater food and space requirements than smaller mammals and are thus less able to withstand environmental change. NO.4 大全TEST10-5 Bonuses at DSR Industries cannot be awarded unless profits exceed a ten percent return on stockholders’ investments in the company. Higher profits mean higher bonuses. Therefore, bonuses in a year of general economic recession will be considerably lower than bonuses in a year of peak profits at DSR. The conclusion above depends on the assumption that
A: the firm will have relatively low profits in recession years
AA: (21) The following appeared as part of an editorial in an industry newsletter. “While trucking companies that deliver goods pay only a portion of highway maintenance costs and no property tax on the highways they use, railways spend billions per year maintaining and upgrading their facilities. The government should lower the railroad companies’ property taxes, since sending goods by rail is clearly a more appropriate mode of ground transportation than highway shipping. For one thing, trains consume only a third of the fuel a truck would use to carry the same load, making them a more cost-effective and environmentally sound mode of transport. Furthermore, since rail lines already exist, increases in rail traffic would not require building new lines at the expense of taxpaying citizens.”
1. 30s Premise: by increasing sales promotion, the company want to boost profits Conclusion: The profits will be increased.
Weaken: Sth. that make the conclusion unvalid.
2. 25s Premise: Study shows that eating chocolate does not increase the risk of heart disease Conclusion: People will increase their consumption of chocolate
Assumption: People would trust/ not wait for another research. (答案想的比我多~)
3. 33s INfo1: P Period suffers from a change in climate Info2: Large mammals extinct, small mammals survive
Resolve: Large mammals cannot withstand the change呗 (相当白痴。。。)
4. 36s Premise: higher profits ==> higher bonuses Conclusion: The year of recession will have lower bonuses
Assumption: recession year will have low profits......
AA: 1. The train may not be cost-effective ==> Fuel cost is only one aspect, the maintainance cost, the cost spent on loading process all must be considered. 2. It is imprudent to assert that we do not need to build new lines==> Trucks may carry loads to some place that trains cannot carry currently, so we may need to build new lines. 3. We have no reason to lower the property tax==> Since these taxes may be used to substantiate the upgrading of the railroad, lowering the tax may lead companies to pay less attention on the safety of railroads, thus may leading to disasters.
1. 38s Premise: The sales of every size are stable. Customers buy avearage 12 S per year. Conclusion: To increase sales, the manufacture plans to increase discount once in a half year. Weaken: sth makes it impossible to increase sales... 想不到。。
2. 40s A new study shows that eating chocolate will not increace heart disease. Conclusion: this result will lead to the increase in the sales of chocolate. Assumption:those who like to eat chocolate are concerned about the harmfulness of eating chocolate.
3. 40s A record shows that the weather become warm and dry in P period. As a result, the species of large mammals extincted. The small mammals survived. Support: Some characteristics that made small mammals able to withstand the weather. and large mmals did not have such ability.
4. 40s The industry can only make profits when the profits exceed 10% return to the investment. Since higher profits lead to higher B, when the economy is depressing, the bonuse will be lower than in the peak of the bonuses. Assumption: The profits of the industry would be lower in recession.
AA： The propety tex of railways companies should be lowered. Reasons: 1. Trucking companies pay only a portion of maintenance costs and no property tax on the highway. Railways spend a large number of maintenance costs. 2. Sending goods by rail is more appropriate than highway shipping.
Weaken: 1. false analogy: trucking companies & railway companies 2. oversimplified assumption: more cost-effective 3. gratuitous assumption: increases in rail traffic would not require building new lines 4. one-sideness. has not analysed the disadvantages.
8-18 1. 30s A manufacturer of men’s dress socks sought to increase profits by increasing sales. The size of its customer pool was remaining steady, with the average customer buying twelve pairs of dress socks per year. The company’s plan was to increase the number of promotional discount-sale periods to one every six months. Which of the following, if it is a realistic possibility, casts the most serious doubt on the viability of the company’s plan? 有一个买男生袜子的公司想提高营业额。他们的消费人群稳定，一般是一年买12双。结论：公司要每6个月做一次打折促销。 削弱：男人一般是一次就把一年的袜子买了。 A: The manufacturer’s competitors would match its discounts during sale periods, and its customers would learn to wait for those times to make their purchases. 两方面都削弱，竞争者也这么干，消费者也等着买。销量不会增加。他因涉入
2. 20s Previous studies have indicated that eating chocolate increases the likelihood of getting heart disease. However, a new, more reliable study has indicated that eating chocolate does not increase the likelihood of getting heart disease. When the results of the new study become known, consumption of chocolate will undoubtedly increase. Which of the following is an assumption on which the conclusion above is based? 一个报告说，吃巧克力对心脏有害，另一个报告说没有害。结论：第二个报告说了之后，巧克力的销量会上升。 假设：消费者会根据报告来做消费决定。 A: There are people who currently limit their consumption of chocolate only because they believe that eating chocolate increases the likelihood of getting heart disease. 补上gap
3. 20s The fossil record shows that the climate of North America warmed and dried at the end of the Pleistocene period. Most of the species of large mammals then living on the continent became extinct, but the smaller mammalian species survived. Which of the following, if true, provides the best basis for an explanation of the contrast described above between species of large mammals and species of small mammals? 化石反映在P时代，气候暖和。很多大动物没绝了，小的动物却存活了。 解释：大动物新陈代谢厉害些，需要吸收更多的热量和水。 : Larger mammals have greater food and space requirements than smaller mammals and are thus less able to withstand environmental change. 补上gap
4. 25s Bonuses at DSR Industries cannot be awarded unless profits exceed a ten percent return on stockholders’ investments in the company. Higher profits mean higher bonuses. Therefore, bonuses in a year of general economic recession will be considerably lower than bonuses in a year of peak profits at DSR. The conclusion above depends on the assumption that 按D的标准，利润在10%以上才有奖金。利润越多，奖金越多。结论：按D的标准，利润最高的时候，就是奖金最多的时候。在经济萧条的时候比利润顶峰的奖金要少。 假设：经济萧条的时候不是利润顶峰的时候 A: the firm will have relatively low profits in recession years 排除干扰
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发表于 2011-8-18 22:20:11
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发表于 2011-8-19 13:40:55
