*携隐*小教室（以提高英语水平为最终目标！）

tulipmontreal

楼主快要找到门了! 呵呵

加油 熟能生巧

tulipmontreal

占多数的那个细节选项总是对的 哈哈 这个不能作为判断依据 只能作为应急的办法

雪落无声

有N的雏形了，加油

小雪该向xieying学习，那么细心：）

携隐

以下是引用vincent0330在2004-6-19 6:20:00的发言：

正确的观念.......cc

难怪我看你的语法总结不像一般人的样子.......cc

不像一般人的样子,像什么?......

携隐

以下是引用tulipmontreal在2004-6-19 8:07:00的发言：
占多数的那个细节选项总是对的 哈哈 这个不能作为判断依据 只能作为应急的办法

后来做的题就发现不对了.原贴我已修改.这个等我二遍总结再仔细看看.

携隐

以下是引用雪落无声在2004-6-19 8:48:00的发言：

有N的雏形了，加油

小雪该向xieying学习，那么细心：）

欢迎小雪!!! 小雪心情好了吧?

我离N还早呢,我们一起努力!

携隐

181.B

My thoughts	OG
Ø 后面出现一个”such firms”,前面一定应该出现过”firms”,排除ACD Ø E强调的是survival需要,B强调的是firms需要,从与后面的firms对应角度,选B Ø To survive优于survival	Ø    主句的主语”such firms”应该指代前面出现过的firms,同时,survive的主语和require的补出部分必须清晰,B做到了这三个方面 Ø    ACD没有firms或相关名词,不满足以上任一条件 Ø    E的所有格不合逻辑,awkward,且buries the needed initial reference to firms in a possessive modifier
考点：
Ø   Such所指事物的前后对应 Ø   清晰:require的内容和survive的主语必须清晰指出

The subject of the main clause (such firms) presumes a prior reference to the firms in question. Furthermore, the logical subject of to survive and the logical complement of required should be made explicit. All three demands are met by B, the best choice. Choices A, C, and D, with no reference to the firms in question, meet none of these demands. In choice E, the illogical and awkward use of a prepositional phrase (for firms' survival) buries the needed initial reference to firms in a possessive modifier.

182.A(D)

My thoughts	OG
Ø BC的being多余,排除 Ø 句子是说customers认为而不是把…当作…,排除DE的as,选A Ø C的a customer和their不对应 Ø CD的a customer代表的是一个群体,用在这里不精确,这里不是描述一个群体的行为 Ø E改变了句子强调重心	Ø    固定搭配think of x as y Ø    A的to be和BC的being都不合语法或不惯用 Ø    C的their和a customer单复数不对称 Ø    E的被动awkward和wordy
错误点:
Ø   固定搭配:think of x as y Ø   a customer和customers在这里没有区别
考点：
Ø   固定搭配:think of x as y Ø   单复数:代词和指代对象单复数不符 Ø   能用主动的时候改成被动:awkward和wordy

A correct sentence will follow the idiomatic form of expres­sion to think ofX as Y. Only D, the best choice, uses as in the comparison. The infinitive to be in A and the participle being in B and C cannot grammatically and idiomatically connect those choices to the rest of the sentence. Moreover, in C the plural pronoun their does not agree with the singular noun referent, consumer. E is awkward and wordy in its use of the passive voice.

183.B

My thoughts	OG
Ø Chalice是被保护而不是自身主动去避免,因此不用avoid,排除CD Ø E的in order to罗嗦,其实等于to,排除 Ø A的keep from没有对象,选B	Ø    ACE缺少一个名词或代名词来说明什么可能被偷 Ø    B是正确的,因为它使用了it来指代chalice Ø    D用被动语气;awkward和wordy Ø    CD用avoid不精确,好像在说chalice自己采取行动去避免偷窃
考点：
Ø   Avoid/keep from: avoid一般指主语本身主动去做某事,keep from则表示被动 Ø   主动优于被动 Ø   逻辑关系: 要说清楚什么被偷窃

In choice A, the phrase/row being stolen lacks the necessary noun or pronoun that specifies what it is that might be stolen. Choice B is best because it provides the pronoun it, which refers to chalice. Like choice A, choices C and E lack the pronoun. D is wordy and awkward in its use of the passive voice. Moreover, avoid is used imprecisely in C and D because it illogically suggests that the chalice is acting to prevent its own theft.

184.E(A)

My thoughts	OG
Ø 本题中”公司不能…”与slip存在因果关系,表示原因最好用because而不是as,排除A Ø B的the reason being多余,同时AB的and前后动词时态不对称,前面是过去时,后面是完成时 Ø C:没有表达出many companies…与slipped之间的因果关系 Ø D同样没有清晰的表达这种因果关系,且D的they像是在指代companies,变成companies slipped,改变了句子原意.选E	Ø    A遵守了动作的时间顺序:过去发生的单个行为(peaked)和之后发生的延续性行为(have slipped). as从句清楚地表达了slip的原因 Ø    B: the reason being because不惯用,语意重复 Ø    C用了过去时slipped来搭配since then是错误的,since then暗示延续的动作 Ø    D的插入语many companies…costs使得后面的they指代不清,插入语本身也是awkward的.同时,如果but引导一个独立从句,逗号应该加在but之前 Ø    E的yet之前也需要加一个逗号; slipping与since then搭配产生逻辑错误; were unable时态错误
错误点:
Ø   表示因果关系也可以用as不一定要用because[Z1] Ø   时态: since then一定配合完成时,进行时表示当前正在进行的动作不能表示一段时间延续的动作 Ø   Yet前要加一个逗号
考点：
Ø   语意重复: reason/because Ø   时态:since then暗示延续的动作,一定用完成时 Ø   指代:they 指代不清 Ø   引导独立从句,but前要加逗号; yet前要加逗号

A, the best choice, observes an appropriate sequence of verb tenses_ a single act in the past (peaked) followed by an extended activity reaching to the present (have slipped). The as clause states clearly the cause of the slippage. B suffers from the redundant and unidiomatic expression the reason being because. In C, the use of the simple past slipped with since then is unidiomatic because since then denotes extended time. In D, the intrusion of the awkward many ... costs causes the antecedent of they to become unclear. Further­more, a comma should precede the but since it introduces a second independent clause. In E, yet also requires a comma before it, are slipping with since then is illogical, and were unable represents an ungrammatical tense shift.

185.E

My thoughts	OG
Ø 划线部分不是一个目的而是一个结果,不用to lead,排除ACD Ø a 55-percent increase in delays比more delays更清晰,选E Ø A的and前后不对称,前面是to lead后面是prompts	Ø    本题涉及两个问题:平行结果和表达精确性. Ø    E中的leading和prompting平行,且55-percent increase in dalays比AB的55 percent more delay(s)表达更加精确 Ø    A缺乏平行结构 Ø    CD的to lead不如leading惯用(表达前面整个句子用独立主格) Ø    句子表达的是delays的数量增加,所以要用复数的delays, C的单数delay错误,同时导致短语increase in delay意思不明确(因为单数delay没有表示出数量增减的意思)
考点：
Ø

This question poses two major problems: parallel structure and precision of expression. In E, the best choice, parallel structure is maintained in the participial phrases introduced by leading and prompting, and the phrase 55-percent increase in delays conveys the meaning more accurately than does the phrase 55 percent more delay(s) in A and B. Also, choice A lacks parallelism. In C and D the infinitive phrase to lead to ... is less idiomatic than the participial phrase leading to .. .'_ Choice C uses the singular delay where the plural is needed to indicate an increase in the number of delays; the phrase increase in delay has no exact meaning.

186.A(E)

My thoughts	OG
Ø BCD都是在解释motion,改变了原文意思,排除 Ø A的instead of前后对称,前面是动词(allow)+宾语(members)+to,后面也是动词(confine)+宾语(them)+to,选A	Ø    本句中members of jury面临两个选择:go home或be confined to a hotel,而rejected motion将能使他们采取第一种选择而不是第二种.两种选择的主语都应该是members of jury,且在表达形式上必须平行:必须都用不定式 Ø    AC中”members of the jury”并不是第二个动作的逻辑主语,因为AC使用了confine(confining) them Ø    BD中的confined和confinement没有使用不定式,跟前一个to go不平行
错误点:
Ø   Rather than 或instead of前后两个成分的主语必须一致(而不是在前一个动作中做主语(go home),在第二个动作中做宾语(confine them to)
考点：
Ø   Rather than/instead of连接两个动作的主语必须一致
注意:
Ø   rather than和instead of同时出现时,一般都选rather than

In this sentence, members of the jury are presented with two options: they may (1) go home or (2) be confined to a hotel. The rejected motion would have allowed them to do the first rather than [to] suffer the second. Members of the jury must be the logical subject of both options, and both must be expressed in parallel form, that is, as infinitive clauses. E, the best choice, observes these requirements. In A and C, the phrase members of the jury is not the logical subject of the second option, to confine them or confining them, since jury members are not doing the confining. In B and D, confined and confinement are not infinitives and thus do not parallel to go in the first option.

187.A

My thoughts	OG
Ø 看到as many,基本上就考as many as,选A Ø BC的as many than不惯用 Ø DE的more和as many as矛盾,且D的there句型不对,E罗嗦	Ø    A是唯一使用固定搭配as many as的 Ø    BC的as many…than不惯用 Ø    CE中的those who is 罗嗦 Ø    DE: four times as many和more语意重复:four times as many就包含了more的意思
考点：
Ø   固定搭配:as many as Ø   As many/much as VS …more than:两个事物在数量上的比较,ETS一般都用as many as来表示x是y的几倍,而不会用诸如twice more than这样的表达方式 Ø   简洁: those who is 罗嗦 Ø   语意重复: four times as many as和more

Choice A, the best answer, is the only option that accurately expresses the comparison by using the idiomatic form as many... as. In B and C, as many ... than is unidiomatic, and in C and E, those who is a wordy intrusion. In D and E, more is redundant because the phrase four times as many in the original sentence conveys the idea of more.

188.B ☆☆☆

My thoughts	OG
Ø At one time表示曾经一度,暗示能死很多次,不对,排除ADE Ø C:作为孩子的人曾经可能…改变了原文意思,选B Ø D的who in childhood修饰people,改变了原文意思 Ø E的when they were罗嗦	Ø    B正确的使用了合适的代词who来指代many people,且它的从句和主句在表达方式和逻辑上都遵守了平行结构:1 副词(once和now),2 动词(might have died和live),3 状语(in childhood和into old age) Ø    AC用了模糊的代词that,且没有做到平行结构 Ø    DE的从句表达方式绕来绕去,且同样没有做到平行对称
考点：
Ø   在描述同一主语在不同时期时,主句和从句应保持平行结构

B, the best choice, uses the preferred relative pronoun, who, to refer to many people. It observes formal and logical parallelism in the wording of the relative clause and the main clause: first, adverbs (once and now)', second, verbs (might have died and live); and third, adverbial prepositional phrases (in childhood and into old age). A and C use the questionable relative pronoun that to refer to many people. They also violate the parallel structure noted above. D and E, although they use the correct pronoun, who, offer convoluted and nonparallel structures for the relative clause.s

189.C

My thoughts	OG
Ø 前面是can…reason,所以如果用as的话应该是as an expert can do,排除AB Ø D罗嗦:the use of which would be for…, whether or not Ø E的or连接的三个成分不对称,第一个是noun,第二个是动名词,or the like不惯用,选C	Ø    正确的句子必须保持平行结构. Ø    A的三个成分(to diagnose…,deciding… or other purposes)不平行 Ø    正确答案C用such purposes as来代替了A的or…,这个短语作为后面两个动作的词干,带出了两个平行成分diagnosing… or deciding….同时,C也避免了A的罗嗦表达方式ther purposes such as these Ø    E不平行(to be used…, deciding…, or the like) Ø    BD中的which和the use of which缺乏先行词或指代对象 Ø    D罗嗦
考点：
Ø   平行对称: …and… Ø   罗嗦ther purposes such as these; the use of which would be for…; whether or not Ø   简洁:x, y and other…such as these的表达方式一般应改为such…as x and y Ø   指代:缺乏指代对象

A correct sentence must maintain parallel structure. In choice A, the three-part series (to diagnose ..., deciding,... or other purposes ...) lacks parallelism. C, the best choice, replaces A's third element with/or such purposes as; this phrase functions as a stem for the other two elements, which are recast as two parallel phrases--diagnosing ... or deciding .... Thus, choice C not only manages the parallel structure but avoids the less effective other purposes such as these at the end of choice A. Choice E uses faulty parallel structure (to be used..., deciding ..., or the like). In B and D, which and the use of which introduce sentence elements that lack antecedents or reference. In addition, D is wordy.

190.E

My thoughts	OG
Ø the W in A, the S in C, the F in N和the M in the S都是the rise of的宾语,4个是并列成分,与后面的the victory并不并列,因此在the M in the S前面要加一个and,完成这4个的并列.选E Ø E的动词manifested优于ABCD的名词manifestations Ø BD的manifestations和were shown语意重复 Ø AB的in the period of…像在修饰militancy,而其逻辑修饰对象应该是manifestations	Ø    正确答案E用了两个平行的短语来表达两个主要并列成分(in the rise of…和in the victory of…),在第一个主要成分中也用了平行结构(s in t, u in v, w in x, and y in z).同时,E将in…reformism短语放在句首也是直接和有效的 Ø    ABCD在the Mahdi前少了and,从而将the victory of错误地合并到the rise of的内容里面去了 Ø    AB把in…reformism短语放在主语和谓语之间是awkward的
考点：
Ø   平行对称: …, …and… Ø   逻辑关系: 大平行结构中套小平行结构,要弄清楚哪些成分属于大平行结构,哪些成分属于小平行结构 Ø   简洁清晰:不是专门修饰主语的状语最好不要插在主语和谓语中间

E, the best choice, uses parallel phrases for the two major coordinate members (in the rise of... and in the victory of ...) and also for the series listed in the first of these (s in t, u in v, w in x, and y in z). E's placement of the In... reformism phrase at the beginning of the sentence is direct and efficient. Choices A, B, C, and D omit and before the Mahdi, the last element in the first series; thus, they incorrectly merge the second major member (the victory of) into the series listed under the first member (the rise of). Furthermore, in A and B the in... reformism phrase has been awkwardly set between the subject and verb of the sentence.

---

[Z1]as与because的区别?

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-6-19 19:47:30编辑过]

携隐

1.       固定搭配还是死穴

2.       时态还有点模糊

3.       对平行对称的理解还不深入:rather than/instead of前后成分的主语必须一致; 表达同一人或事物的不同时期,从句和主句也要保持平行对称.

tulipmontreal

120-150的没有呀

费希

      对平行对称的理解还不深入:rather than/instead of前后成分的主语必须一致;

是不是碰到rather than ，instead of 时，instead of 必错啊？有没有这个规律啊？