|
|
*携隐*小教室（以提高英语水平为最终目标！）[精华] |
| ||
| ||
| ||
20单元:191-200,正确率70%
Ø English…and…words是复数,谓语动词不能用has或is,排除AB Ø 题目出现时间提示:in 1755.暗示是过去或从过去开始的事情,E的are不对,排除E Ø 这些语言words的加入是已经完成的事情而不是正在发生的事情,不用D的having been错,选C Ø D的with…having been added to it罗嗦 Ø E没有清晰说明add to谁 Ø 划线部分是修饰seventeenth-century French的,其必须说明后来在法语上加入了其他语言的词汇这么一回事 Ø 主语是words,谓语要用复数.AB都用了单数(has和is) Ø B将动词短语分离颠倒是awkward的(added…is) Ø D用了一个不能修饰名词的awkward的状语从句来修饰words Ø E用了一个不连贯的,不完全的新的从句,其时态错误,且没有指出are added的逻辑对象—也就是说,没有告诉我们什么words被加到了什么上. 考点： Ø 单复数:主谓搭配 Ø 逻辑关系: 要清晰地说明发生了什么事情 |
The underlined section must modify the noun phrase seventeenth-century French by noting additions made to French subsequently from foreign vocabularies. C, the best choice, does this clearly, directly, and correctly in the form of a relative clause. Because the subject of this clause is plural (words), the verb must also be plural (have been added). A and B incorrectly use singular forms has been added and is added. B also awkwardly inverts and divides the verb phrase (added... is). D offers an awkward adverbial construction, which cannot be used to modify nouns. E offers an incoherent and incomplete new clause with the wrong verb tense and no logical complement for are added_ that is, we are not told to what the words are added.
Ø 句首unlike,考比较对象对等.只有C是将两地的雨作比较,其他选项都是将美国或美国的农民与雨作比较,选C
Ø BE改变原文强调重心,将重心变为农民
Ø 比较结构(unlike x, y…; in comparison with x, y)中,x和y在语法上和逻辑上都要平行
Ø ABCD在逻辑上都没有平行: (A) Unlike the
Ø C的most parts of Sri Lanka’s rains难以理解(表达不清)
Ø 正确答案E用两个独立的从句和连词but清晰地表达了对比关系
错误点:
Ø 以为but前后也要严格在形式上平行(两个独立的从句不需要在形式上完全平行)
考点：
Ø
Ø 划线部分是一个插入语,补充说明主语presenters at the seminar的特点,因此必须出现一个代词来指代主语,排除A(缺少指代主语的代词)E(指代人不用which)
Ø 划线部分与主语不存在并列关系,是对主语的补充说明,不用and,排除C
Ø B的one of them who,这个who好像修饰them,改变原文意思,选D
Ø 主语presenters需要一个同位语来说明群体中的个体的状态,D的one of whom最好地作为了主语的同位语
Ø A的one who不能指代复数presenters
Ø BC不合语法,这里is的主语看起来像是who而不是one
Ø E的which只能指代事物不能指代人
考点：
Ø 同位语
Ø 指代: 代词的选择;使用的代词是否会”喧宾夺主”
The subject, presenters, must be followed by a limiting appositive _ such as one of whom, that identifies an individual from among a larger group. Choice D is best: one of whom best serves an appositive to the subject, presenters, because the phrase means "one from among several or many." Choice A, one who, is unacceptable because one who cannot refer to the plural presenters. Choices B and C are ungrammatical because who competes with one as the subject of is. Choice E employs which, a relative pronoun that does not refer to people (presenters), but only to things.
Ø 修饰unlimited,不用形容词要用副词,排除ABC
Ø 固定搭配target at,选E
Ø Specifically放在target之前修饰不清晰,放在target之后明确修饰target这个动作
Ø ABC错用了形容词seeming来修饰形容词unlimited
Ø 固定搭配:target at而不是to
Ø CD: all抗原specifically target at an invading microbe
考点：
Ø 固定搭配:target at
Ø 形容词副词选择:seeming/seemingly
Ø 逻辑关系:用all还是用each(一般考跟后面成分的对应,all一般应对应复数,each对应单数)
Choices A, B, and C incorrectly use the adjective form seeming to modify the participial adjective unlimited. B also uses the unidiomatic preposition to instead of the correct at after targeted, while C violates sense by having all the antibodies specifically targeted at an, that is, one, invading microbe or substance. Choice D correctly uses seemingly, but it repeats B's incorrect use of targeted to and C's illogical all... specifically. Only E, the best choice, correctly uses the form seemingly to modify unlimited, the correct preposition, at, with targeted, and the logically correct each, which links the specific antibodies to specific microbes or substances.
Ø 移民是过去某个时间已经完成的一个动作,不是过去某个时间正在进行的动作,也不是从过去开始某段时间内持续的动作,所以要用过去时不用完成时或过去进行时,排除ABE
Ø 一度存在的是a bridge of land二不是the W H. C的that…修饰the W H;选D
Ø BE: once位置发生改变,改变了原文意思:原文为一度存在,BE变成一度存在于…
Ø Exist也是过去某个时间已经完成的动作而不是正在进行的动作,E的existing不对
Ø D正确地使用了过去时态migrated和existed来表示在过去已经完成的动作
Ø ABE用了不正确的时态来表示过去发生的单一动作,且E中的existing once不精确(一度存在过?存在一次过?)
Ø C改变句子各成分顺序,从而改变了句子原意
考点：
Ø 时态: 过去已经完成的单一动作用过去时
Ø 逻辑关系:谁一度存在过
Ø 精确性: once位置的改变使句子表达不精确
Choice D, the best answer, correctly uses the past-tense verb forms migrated and existed to refer to actions completed in' the past. Choices A, B, and E present incorrect verb forms for expressing simple past action, and existing once in E is imprecise. Although choice C manages the correct tense, it misplaces the sentence elements so as to suggest that the Western Hemisphere once existed between Siberia and
Ø A的as well as前后对称,又强调了women,选A
Ø B的the特指,跟前面的women不对称
Ø CE的and前要加逗号
Ø D的强调对象扩大为women and men,改变了原文强调重心
Ø 并列连词连接的两个部分在形式上要平行,只有A做到了
Ø BCDE的第二个成分缺少for
Ø CDE的and使的句子表达这样一种意思:女人选择商务为专业使得这个专业也称为了男人的主要选择专业,产生逻辑错误.而as well as则能表达出这个专业对于男人来说已经是主要专业的意思
考点：
Ø 平行对称:并列平行:并列连词连接的两个成分在形式上必须平行对称
Ø X as well as Y,有Y已经如何如何的含义
Two elements connected by a coordinate conjunction should be expressed in parallel form. Only A, the best choice, correctly observes this rule (the most popular major for women as well as for men). B, C, D, and E omit the necessary for in the second element. In addition, by using the simple coordinate conjunction and, C, D, and E create the illogical impression that the decision of 28 percent of the women entering college in 1985 to choose business as a major also made the major the most popular among men. The conjunction as well as implies that business had already been the most popular major for men and that in 1985, for the first time, it became the most popular major for both sexes.
Ø “过去的战争中拥有的”—过去的过去,用过去完成时,选B
Ø 比较对象是本次战争和以前战争的supplies, DE缺少指代supplies的对象
Ø 把本次战争跟以前所有战争相比,campaign要用复数不用单数,CE的单数错
Ø Than若引导一个指代army的从句,则该从句主语应该为单数(it),且谓语应该为过去完成时(had had),因为指的是过去(entered)的过去;同时,for比in更精确,因为supplies是gathered for一个战争的
Ø AC用了复数代词they和过去时had,且A用了不精确的in
Ø D用了in和复数代词their
错误点:
Ø 以为army是复数
Ø Than后的成分什么可以省略?
考点：
Ø 精确性: 用in还是用for
Ø 单复数: 代词和指代对象/前后对应
If than is followed by a clause referring to army, the subject of that clause must be singular (it). Furthermore, the verb of that clause will need to be in the past perfect form (had had) because it refers to a time before the simple past of entered. Finally, the preposition for is more precise than in because supplies are gathered for an upcoming campaign. Choices A and C incorrectly use the plural they and the simple past had. Moreover, A uses the less precise in. Choices D and E wisely dispense with the full clause and use a simple prepositional phrase. D, however, uses the imprecise in and the plural their. Only E, the best choice, avoids all the errors mentioned above.
Ø 条件从句的主句要用一般将来时,if从句用一般现在时,排除A
Ø C将area和one(指代地震)作比较,比较对象不对等
Ø DE的than后没有补出合适的动词或动词补出不正确
Ø D正确的使用了比较的形式:will typically devastate an area 100 times greater than will.
Ø ABE用了it来说明同样一个地震在东部和西部
Ø C: 100 times the area…than是不惯用的
错误点:
Ø D的occurring是修饰地震的,不是第二个成分的对应谓语(我经常把动名词的修饰成分看成从句的谓语!),实际比较对象是will
Ø 没有想到A的表达方式表示的是同一个地震在东部和西部,而不是类似条件的地震
考点：
Ø 精确性: AB表示同一个地震,而句子要表达的是相同条件的发生在不同地方的两个地震
Ø 比较:比较对象平行对称
Ø A完整清晰的表达了句子的意思,BCDE都在不同程度上改变了句子的强调重心或改变了句子原意,选A
Ø 正确答案A包含了两个独立从句,用分号分隔
Ø BCD:摇摆或位置错误的修饰成分使得if used repeatedly看来更像修饰one reason而不是pesticides
Ø E的The finding of much larger populations .. . than是错误的比较结构
考点：
Ø 比较:正确的比较结构
Ø 逻辑关系:修饰成分是否正确的修饰了其逻辑主语
本单元总结：
| ||
| ||
第21单元:201-210题.正确率居然降到50%了,我哭!!!
Ø Of …’s语意重复,排除ABC Ø 句子提示时间为after the Civil War,应该用过去时,而不是过去完成时,排除E,选D Ø 正确答案D中,contemporaries of H T已经表达了完整的所有格,不需要再加所有格符号’s Ø ABC用了重复的所有格 Ø 除D外其他选项都有时态错误,因为两个动作几乎是在过去同时发生的,因此必须用过去时maintained和had,因此ABE的has和maintain/C的have maintained和E的had maintained都是错的 考点： Ø 语意重复:重复的所有格 x of y’s Ø 逻辑关系: 时态:两个动作发生的时间及彼此的时间顺序 |
Ø 句子强调的是增长而不是百分比,B改变了句子强调重心,排除
Ø 句子给出时间提示”from 1982 to
Ø D可能产生歧义:每年会达到这样一个增长率,而不是每年增长这么多
Ø C的in the years 1982 to 1987以及increased annually明确表达了每年增长的意思,选C
Ø 疑问:five and ten percent是5到10的意思吗?
Ø 句子强调重心为sales of new small boats,因此其必须作为句子的主语
Ø 时间是开始和结束于过去,是过去的一段时间,因此用一般过去时
Ø Annually放在增长的数字后面,合适的表达了每年多少的意思
Ø BCDE改变了句子强调重心,扰乱了句子的意思
Ø BCD用的动词时态不对
Ø C的five and ten缺少between,因而makes no sense
Ø E: clumsy and confused
错误点:
Ø 时态: 在过去开始过去结束的一段时间不用完成时,用一般过去时.只有过去开始持续到现在的时间才用完成时
考点：
Ø 逻辑关系:句子的强调重心要作为句子的主语
Ø 精确性: annually放在数字后面,精确表达每年增长多少的意思
Ø 时态:过去开始过去结束的一段时间内发生的动作要用一般过去时
Ø 逻辑关系: 缺少between, five and ten percent 缺少实际意思
A, the best choice, conveys the relevant information clearly and directly. Because the focus of interest is the sales of new small boats, that should be the subject of the sentence. Since the period of time covered began and ended in the past, the verb should be in the simple past tense (increased). The adverb annually fits most logically after the amount of the increases. B, C, D, and E all distort the focus and disrupt the sensible order of ideas. In addition, B, C, and D use incorrect verb tenses to refer to the simple past (is, have increased, and has occurred). In C, the expression five and ten percent makes no sense without the word between. Finally, E is especially clumsy and confused.
Ø …and…,前后平行对称.后面是partly because…,前面也要用partly because…,选D
Ø BE: acquire的主语有歧义,看起来好像是breeders而不是steers
Ø 正确答案E最好的表达了crossbreeding(杂交)的目的—partly to acquire
Ø A的in part that从语法上无法把划线部分跟前面部分连接起来
Ø AB的in part 跟partly 不平行
Ø C表达的意思为steers’s acquisition导致了杂交,改变了原文意思
Ø D用了被动,awkward并产生逻辑错误: steers不是acquisition的对象
错误点:
Ø 不了解crossbreeding的意思,光从平行上猜的答案
考点：
Ø 逻辑关系:对全文的正确理解,acquire是目的还是结果
Ø 平行对称:partly…and partly,不能用in part…and partly
Ø 句子结构: A的in part that 无法将划线部分跟前面部分连接起来
Choice E is best; it best indicates purpose for crossbreeding-- partly to acquire. In A, in part that does not grammatically connect the underlined portion to the first part of the sentence (the independent clause). In both A and B, in part is not parallel with and partly in the nonunderlined portion. Choice C causes a misreading, suggesting that the steers' acquisition has caused the crossbreeding. D awkwardly and illogically shifts to the passive voice: certain characteristics should be acquired by their steers; the steers, however, are not agents in the acquisition.
Ø 主语是the…pattern,单数,谓语动词也要用单数,排除ABD(are)
Ø C的that修饰对象不确定,不知道是修饰crests and troughs还是修饰troughs,同样,后面的them也指代不清
Ø E的表达方式较简洁,且因为前面的stationary同时修饰crests and troughs,后面的they也明确指代这两种事物,选E
Ø 本题需要排除复数插入语的干扰,找出主谓之间的单数对应关系,ABD的复数谓语are错误
Ø DE在with短语中引入了although从句,错误.although从句只能用在一个完整句子的谓语部分
Ø C用了正确的单数谓语is,且将although从句放在that从句的谓语部分
错误点:
Ø Although从句的用法
考点：
Ø 单复数:主谓搭配
Ø Although从句的用法
The main challenge in this sentence is to observe the agreement of subject and verb (the resulting flow pattern... is known...) despite the distraction of a complex intervening structure containing several plural elements (with crests and troughs...). Choices A, B, and D can, therefore, be eliminated because they use an incorrect plural verb form, are. Choice E uses the correct verb form, is, but it incorrectly introduces a dependent adverbial although clause into a prepositional phrase (with crests ...). Choice D also makes this error. Such dependent clauses can only occur in the predicates of full clauses. C, the best choice, uses the correct verb form, is, and correctly puts the although clause inside the predicate of the relative clause (that... rapidly).
Ø Like,考比较对象对等.AB都拿人和语言作比较,排除
Ø D的as with Auden,比较对象不明
Ø E的as is Auden’s不惯用,选C
Ø C: Auden的语言和James的语言做比较
Ø 本题比较对象应该是Auden’s language和Merrill’s language,只有C做到了正确的比较
Ø E: awkward and 不惯用
考点：
Ø 比较对象对等
Ø As is x y is…是不惯用且awkward的
At issue is a comparison of Auden's language with Merrill's language. Only C, the best choice, uses the elliptical like Auden's (language being understood), to compare Auden's language with Merrill's language. A, B, and D compare Auden (the person) with Merrill's language. Choice E is awkward and unidiomatic.
Ø BE的their找不到先行指代对象,排除
Ø CD:前面是low,后面不必用higher,用high就可以表达出比较的意思,排除,选A
Ø Expense的high跟公司在为新学年作准备之间存在因果关系,而不是D的目的关系或C的归属关系(准备的费用高)
Ø 正确答案A正确的用low和high这样的平行结构(都是形容词原级),且A明确了是谁在为下一个学年做准备(companies)
Ø BE的复数代词they或their缺少指代对象
Ø CDE将第二部分变成了形容词比较级,破坏了平行对称,同时,由于前面没有指出比较对象,这里用higher也是不合适的:不明确比什么高
考点：
Ø 平行对称: 形容词原级对原级,不能对比较级
Ø 比较级:没有比较对象时,比较级的使用会产生不知道比什么高的疑惑
Ø 指代:缺少指代对象
A, the best choice, correctly balances the contrasting terms low and high in parallel form (adjectives in the positive degree). It also makes clear who, exactly, is preparing for the coming school year (companies). B uses the plural pronouns their and they without an appropriately stated referent. C, D, and E violate the parallelism needed for the contrasting terms by making the second term an adjective in the comparative degree (higher). Furthermore, the use of higher without a stated point of comparison makes it unclear what the expenses are higher than. E also uses the pronoun their without an appropriate referent.
Ø 举例不用like用such as,排除BC
Ø A: not normally…修饰的对象不明确,与其逻辑修饰对象离的太远,看起来像在修饰bone
Ø E的tissues看起来像在指代tooth and bone,因而改变了原文意思,选D
Ø 只有E清晰地表述了teratomas由像牙齿和骨骼这样的组织组成,这类组织不易被发现长了瘤的意思.要清楚的表达这样的意思,tissues必须重复出现来引导同位语[Z2]
Ø AB没有重复出现tissues,表达不精确:好像不是tissues而是牙齿和骨骼不易发现长瘤
Ø BC用了like,改变了原文意思:BC说的是tissues不是牙齿和骨骼,只是像牙齿和骨骼
错误点:
Ø 虽然有一个同位语来修饰composition,但composition还是不能作为is found的主语.要注意,英语的表达习惯中,不能因为意思等同就能将两个词本身互换
考点：
Ø 逻辑关系:到底什么is not normally found
Ø 同位语
Only E, the best choice, clearly states that teratomas consist of tissues such as tooth and bone, and that such tissues are not normally found in the organ with the teratoma. Clear statement of this fact requires the repetition of tissues to establish the appositive--tissues normally found.... Without such repetition, A and B imprecisely state that the tooth and bone, as opposed to the tissues, are not normally found in the affected organ. Choices B and C alter the meaning with the use of like', that is, they suggest that the tissues are not tooth and bone, but only like them. The confused syntax of D states that their composition, not the tissues, is found in the organ....
Ø …and…,考平行对称.前面是grant,后面应该也是动词原形,选C
Ø 平行对称: would grant x and (would) penalize y, would可以省略
Ø ABDE没有维持平行对称,A的代词they指代不清,B的hiring illegal aliens would be a penalty没有实际意思
Ø E用了不连贯的被动不定式,干扰了原文意思
考点：
Ø 平行对称:…and…
The sentence contains a relative clause (that...) indicating, in its compound predicate, two effects of the immigration legislation: (it) would grant x and (would) penalize y. The auxiliary would may be omitted before penalize, but the main verbs must remain parallel. Only C, the best choice, observes these conditions. A and B produce incoherent, fused sentences in which the two main clauses are not parallel. Furthermore, in A the referent of they is unclear, and in B the statement hiring illegal aliens would be a penalty makes no sense. D violates parallel structure by substituting a present participle (penalizing) for the second main verb. E introduces an incoherent passive infinitive construction that violates sense and parallel structure.
Ø …and…,考平行对称.本题考extend在and前的对应动作.根据句意应为spawned,选C
Ø 正确答案A在语法上保持了平行,在逻辑上表达了动作的时间关系
Ø CD的过去式表示只在过去蔓延30 arches,改变了原文意思
错误点:
Ø 动作的时间关系:实际是不理解句子的意思,N多不认识的单词,就直接用平行对称猜了答案.但本题主语有两个形容词: largest和oldest. Spawned…1000 years ago是在描述oldest, extending是在描述largest(而largest是现在的状态而不是过去)
考点：
Ø 逻辑关系:动作发生的时间
Ø 平行对称:不一定要在时态上完全一致!!!!(动作的发生时间即时态优于形式平行,以后要先看时间关系再看平行形式)
Choice A, the best answer, preserves grammatical parallelism while allowing for logical expression of temporal relationships; A employs the parallel participial phrases spawned... and extending ... to modify filigree. Other choices present different grammatical constructions that are not participial modifiers and thus not parallel to spawned: extends in B is a present-tense verb; it extended in D begins a new clause; and is extending in E ungrammatically introduces a new predicate. In C, extended is nonparallel if it is assumed to be a past tense verb form; if it is assumed to be a past participle, it illogically states, as does D, that the filigree extended only in the past.
[Z1]到底要对应到什么程度?
[Z2]Tissues不能明确代表所有这一类的组织,而可能只代表牙齿和骨骼
[Z3]后面不是有一个tissues…同位语修饰composition吗?那么composition应该等同tissues
21单元总结:因为理解错的题越来越多了
| ||
| ||
手机版|ChaseDream|GMT+8, 2024-11-26 07:04
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号
ChaseDream 论坛
© 2003-2023 ChaseDream.com. All Rights Reserved.
发表于 2004-6-19 22:08:00
楼主
