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*携隐*小教室（以提高英语水平为最终目标！）[精华] |
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第22单元:211-220题,正确率70%
Two instances of subject-verb agreement must be observed in this sentence: The period ... has been established and what is much more difficult to determine ... is. Both clauses have singular subjects and must have singular verbs. Only B, the best choice, observes these requirements. A incorrectly uses the plural form are in the second clause. Choices C and D incorrectly use the plural form have in the first clause, and D incorrectly uses are in the second clause as well. E incorrectly uses the plural form are in the first clause. Furthermore, because the date of the period in question was established before the writing of the sentence, the verb of that clause must be in the present perfect form (has been established).
Ø D罗嗦,E产生歧义(with短语修饰company还是修饰policy) Ø Policy是主动定位而不是被定位,选C Ø B的and前后不对应 Ø BCD: and前后不平行 Ø E: 不定式不如of介词短语修饰aim来的惯用; with…歧义:不知道是在修饰company还是在修饰policy 错误点: Ø 粗心,没有看到C答案decreasing前的the,以为它跟后面的improving对称 Ø 以后要注意细节!!(尤其是考平行对称时两个成分的细节) 考点： Ø 平行对称: …and… Ø 习惯用法: 修饰aim用不定式不如用of…惯用, |
The best choice, A, offers an adjective phrase unequivocally modifying policy and exhibiting grammatical parallelism (decreasing ... and improving). In choice B, the gerund the decreasing is not grammatically parallel with the infinitive to improve. Likewise, in C and D, the decreasing of... costs is not parallel with improving the efficiency. In E, the infinitives to decrease and to improve, while parallel, are less idiomatic than the prepositional phrase of decreasing ... and improving in modifying the noun aim. Also, with the aim... improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufacturing Company and so does not refer unequivocally to policy.
Ø 主语是papers,复数,谓语动词也要用复数,排除ACD
Ø E意思表达不清晰,选B
Ø C的进行时错,这是已经完成的动作
Ø ACD的单数谓语错
Ø A的and前后成分不平行对称:important对defense
Ø C的进行时错,这是已经完成的动作而不是developing中的动作
Ø D: 完成时表示句子描述的状态已经结束了;and放错位置,改变了原文意思
Ø E: awkward
考点：
Ø 单复数:主谓搭配
Ø 平行对称: …and…
Ø 时态: 所描述的状态,是动作已经发生还是在进行中,是过去的状态还是现在的状态
Choices A, C, and D contain singular verbs that do not agree in number with the plural subject, papers. Furthermore, A violates parallelism by aligning the adjective important with the noun defense; C, employing the present progressive tense, wrongly suggests that the triple authorship of The Federalist papers is a developing situation rather than an accomplished fact; and D, employing the present perfect tense, suggests that the situation of triple authorship is no longer the case. D is also garbled syntactically because the conjunction and has been misplaced. In E, the wording is awkward. Choice B is best.
Ø 划线部分的it指代前面的psychopath.这个词”指的是”某种人而不等于某种人,排除ABC
Ø 前面说明这个词指an…,则后面指的也应该是单数的人而不是一个人群,排除E(people),选D
Ø C的they单复数与the term不符
Ø 优于定律
的refers优于E的in reference to
Ø ABC将term等同于一种人,逻辑错误
Ø C单复数不符
Ø E的is后缺少一个主要动词如applied
Ø E的people变成了复数人群
考点：
Ø 单复数: 前后对应/主谓搭配
Ø 逻辑关系: 是”指的是”而不是”是”
Ø Reference用法: E的is 后面缺少一个applies(be in reference to不对)
In choices A and B, the pronoun it simultaneously refers forward to someone (or a person) and backward to the term "psychopath" As a result, the sentence asserts illogically that the term is actually a kind of person rather than a word referring to a kind of person. Choice C repeats this fault and adds an error in agreement: they (plural) does not agree in number with the term (singular). E omits a main verb, such as applied, that, in grammatical context here, is required after is. Also, the word people incorrectly shifts number from singular to plural. In choice D, the best answer, the verb refers is correctly used after it, and the alignment of pronouns and antecedents is both logical and grammatical.
Ø This和it无法指代前面整个句子,doing so比较清楚,选D
Ø 条件从句用将来时,应该用would reward,AB错
Ø 不定式不如doing so能代表前面整个句子的意思
Ø D用so指代了动词accord,其他选项错在用名词it或this去指代动词
Ø AB没有用将来时:条件从句需要用将来时(句子提到的行为没有真正发生,只是一个假设)
考点：
Ø 时态:条件从句用将来时(句子提到的动作并未发生只是一种假设)
Ø 指代: 用so指代动词,不可以用it 或this这样的名词来指代动词
Choice D, the best answer, appropriately uses the adverb so to refer back to the verb accord. The other choices inappropriately use pronouns (it or this) to refer back to the verb. Also, A and B use the indicative verb rewards, whereas the logic of the sentence demands the conditional would reward (what Parliament believes to be the undue rewarding of illegal immigrants has not actually taken place but is considered only as an outcome of a hypothetical action).
Ø 固定搭配not only…but also…,DE错
Ø 本句的两个helps之间存在转折关系,而不是并列关系或”不但…而且…”的递加关系,排除BC,选A
Ø D的两个成分不对应
Ø 句子表达了一个动作引起的两个并列影响,因此要用not only…but also或者and also来连接,AE没有用以上任一表达方式
Ø BD不平行对称,B的helps the control of 不惯用,含糊不清
错误点:
Ø 本来选的是C,太钻牛角尖了反复琢磨反而理解错了文章表达的意思(以为医疗支出的限制是坏的影响而不是好的影响)
考点：
Ø 固定搭配:not only…,but also…
Ø 平行对称: not only…but also/…,and also…
Ø 逻辑关系: 两个effects之间的关系
To convey the idea that shifting a portion of health-benefit costs back to workers has two complementary effects, the correct sentence must link grammatically parallel statements of these effects with and also or with not only ... but also. In choice A, helps ... but also undermines the and also paradigm, wrongly suggesting a contrast in the effects. In choice E, the unidiomatic not only ... and violates the not only ... but also paradigm. Choices B and D are not parallel. Also, the phrase helps the control in B is vague and unidiomatic. Choice C, the best answer, develops the parallel not only helps to... but also helps to.
Ø Between…and…,排除AD
Ø E改变原文强调重心,从而改变了原文意思
Ø B没有说明rivals是怎样的,选C
Ø 句子对竞争者的列举需要用到and,无论是the rivalry between x and y 还是 the rivals x and y.AD错用了with来代替and,B错用了against来代替and
Ø E没有说明Chancellor也是竞争者之一, 且E awkwardly将Chancellor和rivalry,而不是Chancellor和Tansom, 作为they的指代对象
考点：
Ø 逻辑关系: 是谁跟谁之间的竞争; 两者之间的竞争要用and
The enumeration of the rivals requires the conjunction and'. either the rivalry between x and y or the rivals x and y. Choices A and D wrongly substitute with for and in the first paradigm; choice B wrongly substitutes against for and in the second. Choice E does not clearly state that Chancellor is party to the rivalry. E also awkwardly pairs Chancellor and rivalry, not Chancellor and Ransom, as antecedents of they. Choice C, the best answer, correctly uses the between x and y paradigm and clearly and unequivocally identifies both parties in the rivalry.
Ø And,考平行对称.AC两成分不平行对称,排除
Ø B的should应省略,being多余,且with短语打破了原句两个行为的并列关系
Ø D: their指代不清, 成分顺序的改变改变了原文意思(原文为检测较流行沙滩的水,这里变成在流行的沙滩检测(不知道哪里的)海水),选E
Ø 习惯用法: x order y to be done/x order that y be done
Ø A的两个成分分别用了以上两种习惯用法,打破了平行对称
Ø CD没有用习惯用法
Ø D的their没有语法上和逻辑上的指代对象(先行词)
Ø B的should应省略,同时their跟seawater单复数不符
考点：
Ø 习惯用法: x order y to be done/x order that y be done/should必须省略
Ø 平行对称: …and…
Ø 指代: their缺乏指代对象(没有出现先行词)
Ø 单复数: 代词与指代对象
In this sentence, English idiom requires one of two paradigms: x ordered y to be z‘ed or x ordered that y be z 'ed. Choice E, the best answer, employs the second of these paradigms. Choice A mixes the two paradigms (levels... to be measured and that the results be published), producing a sentence that lacks parallelism. C and D use neither paradigm and are thus unidiomatic. Also, in D, the pronoun their has no logical and grammatical antecedent. Choice B unidiomatically employs the verb should (not in either paradigm); also, the pronoun their does not agree in number with seawater, its most logical antecedent.
Ø And后有一个with,为保持平行and前也应有with,排除CDE
Ø 谓语动词are是复数,主语应该为复数costs,选B
Ø 正确答案应用复数主语来对应谓语are,已经用with结构来保持跟后面的with平行,只有B符合以上条件
考点：
Ø 平行对称:…and…
Ø 单复数: 主谓搭配
The correct option must offer a noun that agrees in number with the plural verb are, the second-to-last word in the sentence, to produce the grammatical sequence costs ... are prohibitive. Also, the best answer will use the preposition with to complete the parallel construction costs associated with upgrading ... and with the development.... Choice B, the best answer, is the only option that meets both requirements.
Ø A罗嗦
Ø BC中beginning的主语变成了England,错
Ø D的during比E的over精确,选D
Ø A罗嗦,awkward,且逻辑错误,因为its指代England
Ø B犯了一样的逻辑错误,beginning修饰England
Ø C不精确,表达了England在1788开始了一个阶段…的意思,但没有说明在那段时间内发生了什么
Ø D: awkward,不惯用,表达了a hundred yeas被定义为从1788开始,没有实际意思
错误点:
Ø 粗心,不仔细看题,实际上D的a hundred years表示100年没有表示出原文一段时间的意思
考点：
Ø 状语从句的逻辑主语与主句主语一致性
Ø 可以用一句话表达的内容不要用同位语,awkward,不惯用
Aside from being wordy and awkward, choice A is illogical: because its refers grammatically to
22单元总结
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发表于 2004-6-21 14:17:00
