携隐小教室第四期－答疑（首页更新回贴汇总-4/13/08）

chamhow

7 The ice on the front windshield of the car had formed when moisture condensed during the night. The ice melted quickly after the car was warmed up the next morning because the defrosting vent, which blows on the front windshield, was turned on full force.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously jeopardizes the validity of the explanation for the speed with which the ice melted?

A. The side windows had no ice condensation on them

B. Even though no attempt was made to defrost the back window, the ice there melted at the same rate as did the ice on the front windshield.

C. The speed at which ice on a window melts increases as the temperature of the air blown on the window increases

D. The warm air from the defrosting vent for the front windshield cools rapidly as it dissipates throughout the rest of the car.
                B
                

E. The defrosting vent operates efficiently even when the heater, which blows warm air toward the feet or faces of the driver and passengers, is on.

结论是什么？

这个题目我没分清哪个是直接前提，哪个结论，感觉可以说结论是雪化的快，推出因为有除霜口这个前提原因。就是上面问第一个问题时候所说的因果结构。

    前面雪化的快（A）（事实既也是前提）---》因为有除霜口(B)

为什么这么推理我的思路是，前面雪化的快这个事实（同时也是后发生的果），推出了前面有除霜口这个原因。

削弱，应该有他因导致前面雪化的快，CàA比如说前面朝阳C-à
   前面雪化的快A. 觉得这个还是削弱结论的

但是如果把前面雪化的快当作结论好像也是可行的：看到也有一NN这么推理的：defrosting vent --> ice welt, Weaken: no attempt to defrost ---> melt at the same rate

这样就是：因为有除霜口A--à前面雪化的快B

削弱就应该是他因导致B非   C-àB非   他因导致前面的雪化的不快（这个是不是有点否定前提了感觉）
  但是可以说后面的雪和前面的雪化的一样快或者更快，这也就是说前面的雪化的不快了。

这上面哪里思路出了问题了？

另看了Lawyer的取非方法，还想问下能不能这样取非，比如有明显对比的，如：前面和后面，左边和右边。

另看了Lawyer的取非方法，还想问下能不能这样取非，比如有明显对比的，如：前面和后面，左边和右边。

这里说前面雪化的快，取非能不能说后面雪化的快，还是说取非只能是前面雪化的不快。  因为前面的那种取非排除了前后化雪一样快的可能型。不知道有时这样取非是不是也是可以的？

 麻烦解释下，谢谢了。

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-5-11 1:17:35编辑过]

chamhow

重复发了，删掉

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-5-10 6:11:13编辑过]

chamhow

自顶下

shirley8707

请把原体 法上来

chamhow

哪个的原题？

chamhow

那个化雪的就是OG10 里的第7题,

糖浆那个 题目就是我写的：The price of maple syrup jump from 22 dollars a gallon to 40 dollars a gallon today. It can be conclude that maple-syrup price have been artificially inflated by farmer

shirley8707

以下是引用chamhow在2008-5-9 0:03:00的发言：

134. The more television children watch, the less competent they are in mathematical knowledge
                More than a third of children in the United States watch television for more than five hours a day; in South Korea the figure is only 7 percent. But whereas less than 15 percent of children in the United States understand advanced measurement and geometric concepts, 40 percent of South Korean children are competent in these areas. Therefore, if United States children are to do well in mathematics, they must watch less television. Which one of the following is an assumption .

A.  Children in the United States are less interested in advanced measurement and geometric concepts than are South Korean children.

B  South Korean children are more disciplined about doing schoolwork than are

C.  Children who want to do well in advanced measurement and geometry will watch less television.

D.  A child’s ability in advanced measurement and geometry increases if he or she watches less than one hour of television a day.

E.  The instruction in advanced measurement and geometric concepts available to children in the United States is not substantially worse than that available to South Korean children.

想知道题目什么意思，能帮忙翻译下吗？ 不知有没有人总结过逻辑或者阅读的题目，有的话能不能给一个链？发现有时候题目看不懂也是个问题

chamhow:虽然我很想帮你回答 问题,但是你的 逻辑思维 很我看不懂.我就把这道题目解题的过程告诉你.希望对你有所帮助.以后希望你能发上来得帖是 工整的.

紫色的部分可以说说EVIDENCE,在美国有超过1/3的小孩一天超过5个小时看电视,而在韩国这个数字仅仅是7%.但是在美国有少于15%的小孩能理解高等运算和几何概念,而韩国是40%小孩能理解.所以,如果要是美国小孩能理解数学，他们必须少看电视.注意这里的结论是 充分必要型的.

做假设的题目一般分为两种方法:架桥 和 排除（即not +weaken),

这道题目属于第二种方法。答案很明显。小孩不能胜任数学知识，使因为电视的原因，那么如果是老师的指引工作不好，那么就不是电视的原因的。所以是e.对他的检验是 把e取非，如果结论不成立，则是假设。

一个小窍门：本为为比较，那么就要抓住比较对象的本质区别，即一些还没有考虑到因素。

其他选项很无关。我已经全出来了。

最后的最后，对于结论不一定要有关键词的提示。对于前提有大前提和小前提（直接前提），一般直接前提最关键，因为他跟结论最密切。

大前提一般是一种事实的陈述，而直接前提则是与结论直接向关的支持理由。

shirley8707

7. The ice on the front windshield of the car had formed when moisture condensed during the night. The ice melted quickly after the car was warmed up the next morning because the defrosting vent, which blows on the front windshield, was turned on full force.Which of the following, if true, most seriously jeopardizes the validity of the explanation for the speed with which the ice melted

A. The side windows had no ice condensation on them

B. Even though no attempt was made to defrost the back window, the ice there melted at the same rate as did the ice on the front windshield

C. The speed at which ice on a window melts increases as the temperature of the air blown on the window increases

D. The warm air from the defrosting vent for the front windshield cools rapidly as it dissipates throughout the rest of the car.

E. The defrosting vent operates efficiently even when the heater, which blows warm air toward the feet or faces of the driver and passengers, is on.  

这道题目的结论是：就是因为那段。。。。
                        

对于因果的削弱，Lawyer哥哥总结的方法：其他原因导致；割断因果（有果无因，又因无果），因果颠倒。

本题属于无因有果。即后窗的雪（没有defrosting vent无因）也融化了（有果）

对于因果的削弱，Lawyer哥哥总结的方法：其他原因导致；割断因果（有果无因，又因无果），因果颠倒。

本题属于无因有果。即后窗的雪（没有defrosting vent无因）也融化了（有果）

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-5-11 1:21:03编辑过]

shirley8707

以下是引用shirley8707在2008-5-11 1:16:00的发言：

7. The ice on the front windshield of the car had formed when moisture condensed during the night. The ice melted quickly after the car was warmed up the next morning because the defrosting vent, which blows on the front windshield, was turned on full force.Which of the following, if true, most seriously jeopardizes the validity of the explanation for the speed with which the ice melted

A. The side windows had no ice condensation on them

B. Even though no attempt was made to defrost the back window, the ice there melted at the same rate as did the ice on the front windshield

C. The speed at which ice on a window melts increases as the temperature of the air blown on the window increases

D. The warm air from the defrosting vent for the front windshield cools rapidly as it dissipates throughout the rest of the car.

E. The defrosting vent operates efficiently even when the heater, which blows warm air toward the feet or faces of the driver and passengers, is on. 

---

这道题目的结论是because 那段：结论认为 因为 defrosting vent，才使前窗的雪融化。对于因果型的结论有如下的削弱方法（from lawyer哥哥）

1他因造成；2 割断因果（又因无果，有果无因）3因果颠倒4数据不充分

本题是第二种，有过无因。后窗没有venting 却也融化了。所以是无因有过。
      

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-5-11 1:29:27编辑过]

chamhow

怎么了，为什么我一发帖，我写的话自动变成2句了？

A--àB   A是事实，B是结论，但这个结论是推测出解释A的原因。
  即结论是前提的解释。时间顺序上来说也是A后发生，B先发生。

A--àB   A是事实，B是结论，但这个结论是推测出解释A的原因。
  即结论是前提的解释。时间顺序上来说也是A后发生，B先发生。

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-5-11 1:34:12编辑过]