OG10语法268题及GWD22语法总结日记，监督自己并欢迎大家多给意见

crowkiller

以下是引用elinaqu在2007-8-9 10:32:00的发言：

2    时态：( 一级排除 B, D )
过去完成时没有明确标志       ====》 这一点在PrepSC里面有不一致的地方，要注意。

那我可不可以理解时态不可以作为一级排除，不是最优先的呢？在三板斧里，也有说道----。我再多说一点－“时态”和“代词”的问题。这是ＥＴＳ的最后防线，也是整个英语的难点。当看到这些情况的时候，如果我们没有绝对的把握，请不要主观的抛弃你认为不正确的选项，而应该细致的比较两个选项其他的不同点，在做题的过程中，我们可能会碰到比较难的语法点，一定要本着“避实就虚”的原则，不要想一口吃个大胖子，一次就扔掉三个选项，请指教，谢谢killer

对，等你做到PrepSC阶段，你会发现过去完成时/现代完成时都有没有明确对应的对象而出现的。所以我同意上面三板斧的看法，时态和代词不要放在前面排除。先找其他的，到最后剩下2-3个选项时再考虑时态。而且用时态排除也要尽量找有非常明确的标志的： 比如说 since + 时间 就是现在完成时的标志。但是没有这个标志不见得用完成时态就错误。

elinaqu

怎么感觉，似乎只有相对的绝对和相对的相对啊。

crowkiller

以下是引用elinaqu在2007-8-9 10:56:00的发言：

怎么感觉，似乎只有相对的绝对和相对的相对啊。

对，体会到这一点就开始有排除的感觉了。

还是有一些最重要的原则的，主要是句子的大逻辑结构完整性上： 比如说 Run - 0n ,比如说句子缺主语，谓语。

这些说起来很容易，但是GMAC会非常狡猾的往句子中插入一大堆什么从句啊，插入语啊来混淆。

练到很快能抓住大结构，而不管其他的干扰成分时。有很多大家都认为很难的所谓长划线的SC题目就迎刃而解了。

一边做一边好好体会那个三板斧吧。

ＰＳ：OG10SC 19题是最好的比较结构题目，好好总结一下。

elinaqu

这一贴全是摘录killer总结的宝贵资料

19. In addition to having more protein -than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.

A. the protein in rice is higher quality than that in

B. rice has protein of higher quality than that in

C. the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in

D. rice protein is higher in quality than it is in

E. rice has a protein higher in quality than

1.      修饰 (一级排除  A,C,D )

前置定语修饰离得最近的主语，主语要和前置定语的逻辑关系一致

2. 比较结构 . 比较结构前后核心要一致。( 二级排除E )Choice E needs either that in or does after wheat to make a complete and logical comparison.

 对主系表的句型主语比较：A is/has + adj. than B …. AB为对等名词, 此时不用补出系动词。

 对主谓宾全的句型主语比较：A do sth than B do.（AB为对等名词，加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比）

介宾比较 A do sth of C1 by D1 than of C2 by D2.（C1C2，D1D2对等名词）

宾语比较 A do C1 than C2.(C1C2为对等名词）

状语比较A do sth than usual/everbefore/people expected(直接加状语）

ETS就这几下子，原则就是清楚地指示什么跟什么比。按照这个原理，对下一种句型只有主谓，没有宾语的句子，因为没有宾语，只可能有主语比较，因而不需要重复do来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语，

所以其比较形式如下：
I eat faster than you.注意与下句区别 I eat apple faster than you do 如果写成 I eat apple faster than you 按ETS的理解，从语法上就变成我吃苹果比吃你快，成了宾语比较。逻辑上显然不通。

Rice has protein of higher quality than wheat does.(主语比较，Rice 与wheat比）意义：米有高质蛋白质，麦没有。
Rice has protein of higher quality than of lower quality(介宾比较，of higher 与 of lower比）意义：米有高质蛋白质而非低质蛋白质
Rice has protein of higher quality than that in wheat(宾语比较，protein 与protein(that指代) 意义：米中的蛋白质比麦中蛋白质质量高
Rice has protein of higher quality than sugur.（宾语比较，protein 与sugar比）意义：米中的高质蛋白质比糖多。
Rice has protein of higher quality than usual/everbfore/1000 years ago/people expected(状语比较）意义：米比通常/经往/多年前/人们预测/的蛋白质质量要高。

AS族的比较大同小异，as 可单独引导比较，也可以复合成as many as, as hard as 等形式，但ETS宗旨不变，

如 Sand road costs twice as many to build as to manintain(类似于介宾比较）
    Sand road costs twice as many to build as stone road do(主语比较,）

Sand road costs the govement twice as many to build as the residents.(宾语比较）

 ETS考过AS比较的习惯用法（不受上述限制，如下） AS poor as they are, they can not afford a car. They have 800million students, as many as have enrolled in our school. (注意以上都是用逗号隔开的句子，AS在这里的作用更类似连词，连接一个主句和一个从句）

注意AS有时不表比较的如as you word hard, you will pass the exam.表原因了。
There be 句型等同于一般的主谓宾俱全的句型 OG89

There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as there were four years ago(主语比较)

There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as DVD player(宾语比较)

There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as for school teachers.(介宾比交)

There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as in china(介宾比较)

3 代词the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in / rice protein is higher in quality than it is in  è it 指代 the protein in rice / rice protein 和后面的 in wheat ，逻辑意思不合理

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-9 18:21:02编辑过]

elinaqu

20. An array of tax incentives has led to a boom in the construction of new office buildings; so abundant has capital been for commercial real estate that investors regularly scour the country for areas in which to build.

A. so abundant has capital been for commercial real estate that

B. capital has been so abundant for commercial real estate, so that

C. the abundance of capital for commercial real estate has been such,

D. such has the abundance of capital been for commercial real estate that

E. such has been an abundance of capital for commercial real estate,

1.       惯用语（一级排除B,C,D,E）so/such  … that 结构

such … that  such 表示这种，无强调；而 so .. that 有强调的含义

A. so + adj. , so that 不合理

B.倒装：

根据主语和谓语相对位置，当句子的全部谓语都位于主语之前称之为完全倒装，当句子的部分谓语位于主语之前称为局部倒装句。举例：
1.Here comes the bus!(完全倒装句）

2.Only in this way can a good result be achieved.(局部倒装句)
本题A选项为局部倒装句，当构成结果状语从句so---that的so位于句首表示强调。

【so..that 】 (正常)capital has been so abundant that investors scour the country for areas .. 倒裝：so abundant has capital been that investors scour the country for areas ..→是部份倒裝型式
【such..that 】正常：an abundance of capital has been such that investors scour the country for areas.. 倒裝：such has been an abundance of capital that investors scour the country for areas..←完全倒裝型式 

C.Such/ so that 比较：

1.首先一点要明确, such 是形容词, 修饰名词或名词性的结构(such a good job, such good work, such a good person,...), 而so 是副词, 修饰形容词 ( a so good job, so good work, a so good person...)1. "such functions to mean "of a kind" rather than to intensify abundant." - 这样说是很有根据的. 因为such加强的是后面的名词, 重点是事物上. 而so加的强是后面的形容词. 这里的需要语感去体会.

2. 我个人在改错题中的一个发现是, 如果选项中有到装句, 要特别留意. "so abundant has capital been for commercial real estate that", 就是. 到装句成为正确答案的可能性非常大. , (大家去验证一下, 有例外的请发贴). 原因可能是因为到装句是英语中一种固定的结构, 它可以突出,强调重点, 使表达更清晰, 和GMAT对句子的要求一致. 而到装句结构和一般的句子不一样, 容易被人看成是错句!

2. 单复数：A of B + 谓语，谓语的数和 A一致。An array of tax incentives has led to

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-9 18:21:45编辑过]

elinaqu

21. Defense attorneys have occasionally argued that their clients' misconduct stemmed from a reaction to something ingested, but in attributing criminal or delinquent behavior to some food allergy, the perpetrators are in effect told that they are not responsible for their actions.

A. in attributing criminal or delinquent behavior to some food allergy

B. if criminal or delinquent behavior is attributed to an allergy to some food

C. in attributing behavior that is criminal or delinquent to an allergy to some food

D. if some food allergy is attributed as the cause of criminal or delinquent behavior

E. in attributing a food allergy as the cause of criminal or delinquent behavior

1. 修饰（一级排除 A,C,,E）

前置定语的中心词指向句子主语，是否合适。A, C, and E, in attributing ... behavior modifies the perpetrators, producing the illogical statement that the perpetrators rather than the defense attorneys are attributing behavior to food allergies.(动词attributing的发起者!!!!!)

That be /which be + 形容词都省略that be /which be （排除C ）

2 习语：(二级排除 D )

In the correct form of the expression, one attributes x, an effect, to y, a cause; è将一个现象归咎于某个东东x is attributed to y ==》 x 被归因于y , or, if a passive construction is used, x is attributed to y. ,,,,x is attributed to y ==》 x 被归因于y

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-9 18:18:03编辑过]

crowkiller

体会下这个题目：

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&id=267884&star=1#267884

elinaqu

22. The voluminous personal papers of Thomas Alva Edison reveal that his inventions typically sprang to life not in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly from previous works.

A. sprang to life not in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly

B. sprang to life not in a flash of inspiration but were slowly evolved

C. did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly

D. did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but had slowly evolved

E. did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but they were slowly evolved

 

1．  并列结构  （一级排除
                A,B,D）

not … but 结构
            ，
            前后的形式，时态都要绝对平行

并列结构的时态要一致才是并列!!!è互相并列的成分是不能作为时间参照点的

 

1.       被动语态(二级排除 E )

被动语态在GMAT中必须有理由才能出现。(使用被动态一定要由根据)è出现by

 

elinaqu

23. A Labor Department study states that the numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force.

A. numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase

B. numbers of women employed outside the home grew more than thirty-five percent

C. numbers of women employed outside the home were raised by more than thirty-five percent

D. number of women employed outside the home increased by more than thirty-five percent

E. number of women employed outside the home was raised by more than a thirty-five percent increase

 

1.       简洁：（一级排除
                A,E）grew/raise  和 increase 重复

the phrase grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase is redundant and wordy,

was raised by ... increase is redun­dant.

2.       词法
            ：(二级排除 A,B,C )

表示统计数据用
            单数 the number , the number of ……..

1.       被动语态(二级排除 C,E )
                

被动语态要有合理的发起

because there is no identifiable agent responsible for the raising of the number of women employed.用被动要有动作的逻辑发起

elinaqu

24. The first decision for most tenants living in a building undergoing being converted to cooperative ownership is if to sign a no-buy pledge with the other tenants.

A. being converted to cooperative ownership is if to sign

B. being converted to cooperative ownership is whether they should be signing

C. being converted to cooperative ownership is whether or not they sign

D. conversion to cooperative ownership is if to sign

E. conversion to cooperative ownership is whether to sign

 

1, 简洁：（一级排除
                A,B,C）

the phrase being converted is awkward and redundant, since the sense of process indicated by being has already been conveyed by undergoing.

 

2. 词法：(二级排除 D )

 表示是否用 whether, 表示条件用if

 及物动词+名词的形式
            比 +分词的形式更加合理。uses the noun conversion, which grammatically completes the phrase begun by undergoing. undergo及物动词. 不能接分词.

 

3. 并列结构：
                

A is Ｂ，　 A/B 平行。 ==》
            不定式可以作为名词性结构和名词平行。

The first decision 。。。 is whether to …..

to sign, that functions as a noun equivalent of decision

并列处处有!!!!系表结构是并列!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.

例句
                

140. It may be another fifteen years before spacecraft from Earth again venture to Mars, a planet now known to be cold, dry, and probably lifeless.
(A) again venture to Mars, a planet now known to be
(B) venture to Mars again, a planet now known for being
(C) will venture to Mars again, a planet now known as being
(D) venture again to Mars, a planet that is known now to be
(E) will again venture to Mars, a planet known now as being

 

C,E的将来时态不对, 排除

B的for being不对: for要么是目的关系, 要么是因果关系
for being 的意思是因为MARS是blablabla, 偶们才认识这个星球.---有点离谱

只有to be才是a planet的等价物!!!是名词性质!!!
                

里面的do又是动词
            绝对比动名词being/doing好百倍

For being, as being都是介词短语, 不是名词性质的等价物!!!

D的that is多余, 不对

 

4．undergo 的用法v 经历[transitive not in passive]

if you undergo a change, an unpleasant experience etc, it happens to you or is done to you

The country has undergone massive changes recently.

He has been released from prison to undergo medical treatment in the United States.