OG10语法268题及GWD22语法总结日记，监督自己并欢迎大家多给意见

elinaqu

13.State officials report that soaring rates of liability insurance have risen to force cutbacks in the opera­tions of everything from local governments and school districts to day-care centers and recreational facilities.

A. rates of liability insurance have risen to force

B. rates of liability insurance are a force for

C. rates for liability insurance are forcing

D. rises in liability insurance rates are forcing

E. liability insurance rates have risen to force

1．  为什么have risen 和rises是多余的？   (重复问题-一级排除 A,D,E)

Soaring有高飞上升的意思，rise 与soaring 重复

2．  Rate of /for ？（词的用法  二级排除B）

当rate的意思是price charge 的时候不能接of, 应该接for ， payment for

rates  当表示费用时加介词 for

当表示比例时 加介词 of

3. 为什么不用A force for而用are forcing？(逻辑意思准确表达—二级排除B)

是因为are a force for 不能够准确的表达the soaring rates 现在正在forcing cutbacks的动作。
动名词比名词更能表现出正在发生的动作状态。

4．动词优于名次(二级排除B)

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-8 16:10:01编辑过]

elinaqu

14. Paleontologists believe that fragments of a primate jawbone unearthed in Burma and estimated at 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of a crucial step along the evolutionary path that led to human beings.

A. at 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of

B. as being 40 to 44 million years old provides evidence of

C. that it is 40 to 44 million years old provides evidence of what was

D. to be 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of

E. as 40 to 44 million years old provides evidence of what was

1.       主谓一致(单复数)（一级排除B,C,E ）

fragments 。。。。。。。。provide

2. 简洁：(一级排除 C. E )

what was … 多余

Sth is sth.

Sth does sth.

Sth is what is sth. (错, 1. 不并列, 2. 用单个名词和what 从句的概念对称肯定不对)

例句

There is speculation that increasing cold weather was what may have been responsible for the Anasazi move from Mesa Verde to sites in other canyons.

(A) that increasing cold weather was what may have been

(B) whether increasing cold weather was what was

(C) that increasingly cold weather was what had been

(D) whether increasingly cold weather may have been what was（E）

(E) that increasingly cold weather may have been

speculation that,,,,,名词Be what…..be 前后的东东要是一个东东啊…

3.. Estimate to be / that/ at ？(词的用法     二级排除A）estimated to be ………  estimate 做被动，只能是 sth. be estimated to be.......Estimate that….. estimate 做主动，用estimate sth. that  B 中的estimated that it is      it 多余  

It is estimated that……

At+地点, at+点时间(点和线) 不能加年份的

金山词霸解释

Estimate  vt.  -mated, -mating估计，判断（常与that连用）估价，（常与at连用）估计

I estimate her age at 35.我估计她有35岁。

（与in连用）估计…到达

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-8 16:13:28编辑过]

elinaqu

以下是引用dennyhuang在2007-8-7 23:59:00的发言：

支持队友一下！加油，elina好认真啊。我第二遍过OG时也这样把每个考点写出来，没你这么细，但感觉对提高语法有很大帮助，相信你一定会掌握得更好。等我整理一下我的语法总结，也贴上来。

一起加油吧！！

谢谢，denny,一起努力啊

文明

嗯，又是一个宏伟壮观建筑，楼主辛苦喽，支持支持

elinaqu

15. In his research paper, Dr. Frosh, medical director of the Payne Whitney Clinic, distinguishes mood swings, which may be violent without their being grounded in mental disease, from genuine manic-depressive psychosis.

A. mood swings, which may be violent without their being grounded in mental disease, from genuine manic-depressive psychosis

B. mood swings, perhaps violent without being grounded in mental disease, and genuine manic-depressive psychosis ,

C. between mood swings, which may be violent without being grounded in mental disease, and genuine manic-depressive psychosis

D. between mood swings, perhaps violent without being grounded in mental disease, from genuine manic-depressive psychosis

E. genuine manic-depressive psychosis and mood swings, which may be violent without being grounded in mental disease

1. distinguish 的用法（from, between ）（考点就是distinguish，一级排除A,B,D,E）

（常与from连用）使别于；有…特点
distinguish somebody/something from

a method of distinguishing cancer cells from normal tissue

(用from的时候要小心，分辨两个的话优先用distinguish between  and)

distinguish between A and B . A/B 不同范畴进行区分。Between 不能省略,distinguish between A and B .which.  which 很清晰指向B.

distinguish A and B .which.  which 可能指向 A and Ｂ或者 B ,不清晰

Distinguish A from B  A 是 B 的子集，从Ｂ中把A 挑出来。

此题是把假的病症和真的病症区分开, 不是把假的病症从真的病症里面区分出来)

2 情态动词要保持： may 不应该改成 perhaps.

3 代词：mood swings, which may be violent without their being grounded          Their 多余

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-8 18:41:12编辑过]

elinaqu

16. Unlike a typical automobile loan, which requires a fifteen- to twenty-percent down payment, the lease-loan buyer is not required to make an initial deposit on the new vehicle.

A. the lease-loan buyer is not required to make

B. with lease-loan buying there is no requirement of

C. lease-loan buyers are not required to make

D. for the lease-loan buyer there is no requirement of

E. a lease-loan does not require the buyer to make

1 比较结构平行：(一级排除A,B,C,D）

Unlike/ like A , B …..  A /B 要对等。（数的一致，逻辑意思的一致, 时态上的平行）比较时逻辑意思优先！

choice E is the only option that supplies an active verb form, does not require, to parallel requires

经典例句

经典例句

Unlike most warbler species, the male and female blue-winged warbler are very difficult to tell apart.

(A) Unlike most warbler species, the male and female blue-winged warbler are very difficult to tell apart.

(B) Unlike most warbler species, the gender of the blue-winged warbler is very difficult to distinguish.

(C) Unlike those in most warbler species, the male and female blue-winged warblers are very difficult to distinguish.

(D) It is very difficult, unlike in most warbler species, to tell the male and female blue-winged warbler apart.（E）

(E) Blue-winged warblers are unlike most species of warbler in that it is very difficult to tell the male and female apart.

感觉一下, 全划线和部分划线的不同---可以把全句重新放置!

比较对象要明确
   

a. most species ----------------------------the male and female blue-winged warbler是不能并列的
b. most warbler species------------------ the gender
c. those in most warbler species-------- the male and female blue-winged warblers
e. most species of warbler ---------------Blue-winged warblers

2.简洁：

 动词比名词要好：is no requirement of / require

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-8 18:40:33编辑过]

elinaqu

17. Native American burial sites dating back 5,000 years indicate that the residents of Maine at that time were part of a widespread culture of Algonquian-speaking people.

A. were part of a widespread culture of Algonquian-speaking people

B. had been part of a widespread culture of people who were Algonquian-speaking

C. were people who were part of a widespread culture that was Algonquian-speaking

D. had been people who were part of a widespread culture that was Algonquian-speaking

E. were a people which had been part of a wide­spread, Algonquian-speaking culture

1．重复  （一级排除 C, D, E ）

people redundantly describes the residents rather than the larger group to which the residents belonged.

2    时态：( 一级排除 B, D )
过去完成时没有明确标志

3   修饰(逻辑主语不一致)：(二级排除C,D,E )

culture that was Algonquian-speaking / Algonquian-speaking culture 修饰不正确

4. 代词：which 不能用来指代人….

5. 简洁：定语从句 that be /who be /which be能省就省。

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-9 9:53:31编辑过]

elinaqu

18. Each of Hemingway's wives--Hadley Richardson. Pauline Pfeiffer. Martha Gelhom. and Mary Welsh --were strong and interesting women, very different from the often pallid women who populate his novels.

A. Each of Hemingway's wives--Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhom, and Mary Welsh--were strong and interest­ing women,

B. Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh--each of them Hemingway's wives--were strong and, interesting women,

C. Hemingway's wives--Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhom, and Mary Welsh--were all strong and interesting women,

D. Strong and interesting women—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhom, and Mary Welsh--each a wife of Hemingway, was

E. Strong and interesting women—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhom, and Mary Welsh--every one of Hemingway's wives were

1 主谓一致,单复数：(一级排除)each of … + 谓语动词单数（排除A ）
代词 ==》each of them Hemingway's wives- 数不一致an illogical statement because each cannot be wives; each can be one of the wives, or a wife ( 排除 B ) women和was ( 排除 D )every one in E  does not agree with the plural verb were (排除E )

2.     简洁代词太多造成指代不明

3. 句子重心的保持. è Strong and interesting women 改变了原句的主语

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-9 9:54:38编辑过]

crowkiller

以下是引用elinaqu在2007-8-9 9:49:00的发言：

17. Native American burial sites dating back 5,000 years indicate that the residents of Maine at that time were part of a widespread culture of Algonquian-speaking people.

A. were part of a widespread culture of Algonquian-speaking people

B. had been part of a widespread culture of people who were Algonquian-speaking

C. were people who were part of a widespread culture that was Algonquian-speaking

D. had been people who were part of a widespread culture that was Algonquian-speaking

E. were a people which had been part of a wide­spread, Algonquian-speaking culture

1．重复  （一级排除 C, D, E ）

people redundantly describes the residents rather than the larger group to which the residents belonged.

2    时态：( 一级排除 B, D )
过去完成时没有明确标志       ====》 这一点在PrepSC里面有不一致的地方，要注意。

3   修饰(逻辑主语不一致)：(二级排除C,D,E )

culture that was Algonquian-speaking / Algonquian-speaking culture 修饰不正确

4. 代词：which 不能用来指代人….

5. 简洁：定语从句 that be /who be /which be能省就省。

elinaqu

2    时态：( 一级排除 B, D )
过去完成时没有明确标志       ====》 这一点在PrepSC里面有不一致的地方，要注意。

那我可不可以理解时态不可以作为一级排除，不是最优先的呢？在三板斧里，也有说道----。我再多说一点－“时态”和“代词”的问题。这是ＥＴＳ的最后防线，也是整个英语的难点。当看到这些情况的时候，如果我们没有绝对的把握，请不要主观的抛弃你认为不正确的选项，而应该细致的比较两个选项其他的不同点，在做题的过程中，我们可能会碰到比较难的语法点，一定要本着“避实就虚”的原则，不要想一口吃个大胖子，一次就扔掉三个选项，请指教，谢谢killer