OG10语法268题及GWD22语法总结日记，监督自己并欢迎大家多给意见

elinaqu

43. In the minds of many people living in England, before Australia was Australia, it was the antipodes, the opposite pole to civilization, an obscure and unimagin­able place that was considered the end of the world.

A. before Australia was Australia, it was the antipodes

B. before there was Australia, it was the antipodes

C. it was the antipodes that was Australia

D. Australia was what was the antipodes

E. Australia was what had been known as the antipodes

 

1代词：代词不能指向虚词
                ( 一级排除B,C)
                

In B, it has no logical referent, because the previous clause describes a time when there was no Australia. ?????

时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，如果都是代词造成无法代替

2. 简洁：( 二级排除D,E)
                 

A was what was B ， what was 可以省略； there was 不好

3. 平行结构：时态平行

4. 保持原句意思， ==》
            时间状语不能省略

 

又一个关于what was的问题？

elinaqu

44. Using a Doppler ultrasound device, fetal heartbeats can be detected by the twelfth week of pregnancy.

A. Using a Doppler ultrasound device, fetal heart-beats can be detected by the twelfth week of pregnancy.

B. Fetal heartbeats can be detected by the twelfth week of pregnancy, using a Doppler ultrasound device.

C. Detecting fetal heartbeats by the twelfth week of pregnancy, a physician can use a Doppler ultrasound device.

D. By the twelfth week of pregnancy, fetal heartbeats can be detected using a Doppler ultrasound device by a physician.

E. Using a Doppler ultrasound device, a physician can detect fetal heartbeats by the twelfth week of pregnancy.

 

1修饰：逻辑主语和主句主语不一致
            （一级排除A,B ）
                

, it modifies heartbeats, the nearest free noun in the main clause; that is, choice A says that the heartbeats are using the Doppler ultrasound device

 前置和后置状语的逻辑主语和主句的主语一致，考察是否合理

 

2句子中心：（二级排除C ）

改变分词成主句，造成句子中心改变，而且扰乱了逻辑关系。
            前置状语的动作通常发生在主句之前。

the wording in choice C suggests that physicians can use a Doppler ultrasound device after they detect fetal heartbeats

 

D为什么不对？？？？

choice D the phrase using ... device should follow physician, the noun it modifies

 

By the twelfth week of pregnancy, fetal heartbeats
                can be detected using a Doppler ultrasound
                device by a physician

By the twelfth week of pregnancy, fetal heartbeats
                can be detected by a physician using a Doppler ultrasound
                device

elinaqu

45. Delighted by the reported earnings for the first quarter of the fiscal year, it was decided by the company manager to give her staff a raise.

A. it was decided by the company manager to give her staff a raise

B. the decision of the company manager was to give her staff a raise

C. the company manager decided to give her staff a raise

D. the staff was given a raise by the company manager

E. a raise was given to the staff by the company manager

1 修饰：( 一级排除 A,B,D,E )
                

前置状语的逻辑主语合理
                

2.被动语态：
                

无理由的被动语态不采用

elinaqu

46. A study commissioned by the Department of Agricul­ture showed that if calves exercise and associated with other calves, they will require less medication and gain weight quicker than do those raised in confinement.

A. associated with other calves, they will require less medication and gain weight quicker than do

B. associated with other calves, they require less medication and gain weight quicker than

C. associate with other calves, they required less medication and will gain weight quicker than do

D. associate with other calves, they have required less medication and will gain weight more quickly than do

E. associate with other calves, they require less medication and gain weight more quickly than

 

1.修饰-- 副词修饰形容词（一级排除A,B,C）

the adverbial phrase more quickly than to modify the verb phrase gain weight.
                

In A, B, and C, quicker than is incorrect because an adjective should not be used to modify a verb phrase(考试的时候能迅速找出选项差异才能分辨出这个3-2split, 较隐含的3-2split).

 

2．平行结构（一级排除A,B,C,D）

 时态一致

表事实宾语从句可以用一般现在时，本题主要是时态要一致。

3. 比较结构
                

A。主语的比较
            此处
            省略了后面的谓宾结构  ????

B．
            比较词的选择  v。+ more + adv. + than ;  adv. 修饰 V. 合理

 对主系表的句型主语比较：

A is/has + adj. than B …. AB为对等名词, 此时
            不用补出
            系动词。

对主谓宾全的句型主语比较：

A do sth than B do.（AB为对等名词，加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比）

elinaqu

47. Displays of the aurora borealis, or "northern lights," can heat the atmosphere over the arctic enough to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induce electric currents that can cause blackouts in some areas and corrosion in north-south pipelines.

A. to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induce

B. that the trajectories of ballistic missiles are affected, induce

C. that it affects the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induces

D. that the trajectories of ballistic missiles are affected and induces

E. to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles and induce

1. 习语
            ： enough to do sth.
                （一级排除B,C,D）

can heat... enough to affect in A and E is more idiomatic than the use of the subordinate clause beginning with that

 

2.平行结构：（二级排除A,）

数的一致和时态的一致

平行结构只有两个的时候必须用连词，不能只用
            逗号。 A，B＝＝＞Ａand B

Induceè带来

Affectè影响

两个都是抽象动作

 

3. 单复数一致

C lacks agreement in using the singular pronoun it to refer to the plural noun displays;

4．句子完整性and D is faulty because induces cannot fit grammatically with any noun in the sentence. è没有动词发起者

elinaqu

48. The golden crab of the Gulf of Mexico has not been fished commercially in great numbers, primarily on account of living at great depths-- 2,500 to 3,000 feet down.

A. on account of living

B. on account of their living

C. because it lives

D. because of living

E. being they live

 

1．代词指代, 数的一致：（一级排除B,E）

2. 词法 :  (because句子优选) ：（二级排除A,D）

A. because + 完整的句子

B. on account of / because of + n. ==》
            此处没有明确的限定名词的内涵

C. Because 》on account of / because of

because, which appears in C and E, is preferable here since because can introduce a complete subordinate clause explaining the reason why the golden crab has not been fished extensively

. C, which uses because and it as the singular subject of a clause, is the best choice.

(言下之意，主谓宾说的最清楚

3.一般现在式表示持续发生的事实和真理。

elinaqu

49. The cameras of the Voyager II spacecraft detected six small, previously unseen moons circling Uranus, which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting the distant planet

A. which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting

B. doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known to orbit

C. which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known in orbit around

D. doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting

E. which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known that orbit

 

1非限制性定语从句（一级排除A,C,E）

非限制性定语从句 which 指向前面的名词(这里是不是指前面的这件事所以不能用which?)

现在分词在句末表示伴随

2．词法
            ：A as B，Ａ/B 对应。
                Known to orbit 比 known as orbiting … 好。

elinaqu

50. As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500. or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.

A. As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.

B. A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind as an adult

C. As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of vision would be rated about 20/500; qualifying it to be legally blind if an adult

D. A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500; an adult with such vision would be deemed legally blind.

E. As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of vision, which would deemed legally blind for an adult, would be rated about 20/500.

 

1.       分号的使用：（一级排除C）
                

分号前后都必须是成分完整的句子

 

2.       代词：（二级排除A,B,E）
            从句主句的逻辑主语一致

In choice A, it, the subject of the main clause, seems to refer to baby，当有代词时。考虑其逻辑意思的合理性

Similarly, choices B and E use awkward and ambiguous phrasing that suggests that the sense of vision, rather than an adult with 20/500 vision, would be considered legally blind

yukee820

楼主总结的真好!!!加油!

我就跟着你的进度复习了! 谢谢

gyan

为啥不总结OG11呢？OG10不是很老的题？