OG10语法268题及GWD22语法总结日记，监督自己并欢迎大家多给意见

elinaqu

159. While depressed property values can hurt some large investors, they are potentially devastating for home-owners. whose equity--in many cases representing a life's savings--can plunge or even disappear.

(A)  they are potentially devastating for homeowners, whose

(B)  they can potentially devastate homeowners in that their

(C)  for homeowners they are potentially devastat­ing, because their

(D)  for homeowners, it is potentially devastating in that their

(E)   it can potentially devastate homeowners, whose

1单复数
            一级排除 D,E

. 代词指代：
                values / they

 The pronoun whose clearly refers to homeowners and efficiently connects them with the idea of lost equity

2简洁  二级排除B,E

can /potentially

Furthermore, can potentially is redundant (由此判断，can 和potentially 意思上有重复的地方

3whose, in that, because
            二级排除C

. In B, C, and D, substituting in that their or because their for whose is wordy and confusing since the antecedent of their might be they, not homeowners.

从句的主语出现代词的时候，应该首先看其指代的是不是主句主语，由此判断，b c d都有问题，指代歧异。

用in that, because 会造成their 指代句子主语they, (property values)

 

equity 资产净值

while 尽管

devastating   adj

毁灭性的；使荒废的；
            破坏性的
                

极佳的；非常好的；能达到预期效果的

She looks devastating.

她美极了。

devastate 毁坏

plunge 突然下降，突然插入，突然掉进

 

elinaqu

160. While some propose to combat widespread illegal copying of computer programs by attempting to change people's attitudes toward pirating, others by suggesting reducing software prices to decrease the incentive for pirating, and still others by calling for the prosecution of those who copy software illegally.

(A)  by suggesting reducing software prices to decrease the incentive for pirating, and still others by calling

(B)   by suggesting the reduction of software prices to decrease the incentive for pirating, and still others call

(C)  suggest the reduction of software prices for decreasing the incentive for pirating, and still others call

(D)  suggest the reduction of software prices to decrease the incentive for pirating, and still others by calling

(E)   suggest reducing software prices to decrease the incentive for pirating, and still others are calling

 

1并列结构：
            一级排除A,B,D

some propose', others suggest. . . , and still others are calling ....

 

2不定式表示目的更好
            二级排除C

Choice C, however, introduces the nonidiomatic for decreasing, which creates some difficulty in meaning (两个介词for连用会造成歧义，最起码是理解上困难). 就是说, for decreasing不明确是reduction for decreasing 还是prices for decreasing=è只有of, to可以连用

Reducing price to decrease 就是明确的用to decrease 来表示reducing的目的

elinaqu

161. A wildlife expert predicts that the reintroduction of the caribou into northern Minnesota
                would fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is more numerous than one wolf for every 39 square miles.

(A)  would fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is more numerous than

(B)  would fail provided the density of the timber wolf population in that region is more than

(C)  should fail if the timber wolf density in that region was greater than

(D)  will fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is greater than

(E)   will fail if the timber wolf density in that region were more numerous than

 

1词法  一级排除A,B,E

density
                

Density, an abstract "mass" noun, is logically construed with greater than.

2时态   二级排除 C

uses a correct sequence of present and future indicative verb forms--predicts, will fail, and is--in the three related clauses

3 provide/if
                

pretentious and illogical word provided for if in a conditional clause after a negative idea (would fail)(provided不能用于否定).

C and E use the absurd phrase timber wolf density. (The wolves are not dense; their population is dense.)

 

Provided: conj.

On the condition; if:

在…的条件下；如果：(只能用于表达肯定思想的句子中)

will pay the bonus provided the job is completed on time.

如果工作及时完成的话将发奖金

pretentious

if someone or something is pretentious, they try to seem more important, intelligent, or high class than they really are in order to be impressive

opposite unpretentious

pretentious film

 

elinaqu

162. Concerned at the increase in accident fatalities, Tennessee adopted a child-passenger protection law requiring the parents of children under four years of age to be restrained in a child safety seat.

(A)  the parents of children under four years of age to be restrained in a child safety seat

(B)   the restraint of parents of children under four years of age in a child safety seat

(C)  that parents restrain children under four years of age in a child safety seat

(D)  that children be restrained under four years of age in a child safety seat by their parents

(E)   children to be restrained under four years of age by their parents in a child safety seat

1词法  一级排除A,B,E

 require that ….

2 修饰：
            二级排除 D

children under four years of age / children to be restrained under four years of age

Choices D and E misplace the phrase under four years of age so the phrase dangles and seems to modify restrained rather than children(前边讲过这个问题，修饰语离的越近越清晰). In addition, E misplaces the phrase in a child safely seat to create the idea that the parents are in a child safety seat.

 

elinaqu

163. Found throughout Central and South America, sloths hang from trees by long rubbery limbs and sleep fifteen hours a day, moving infrequently enough that two species of algae grow on its coat and between its toes.

(A)  sloths hang from trees by long rubbery limbs and sleep fifteen hours a day, moving infre­quently enough

(B)   sloths hang from trees by long rubbery limbs, they sleep fifteen hours a day, and with such infrequent movements

(C)  sloths use their long rubbery limbs to hang from trees, sleep fifteen hours a day, and move so infrequently

(D)  the sloth hangs from trees by its long rubbery limbs, sleeping fifteen hours a day and moving so infrequently

(E)   the sloth hangs from trees by its long rubbery limbs, sleeps fifteen hours a day, and it moves infrequently enough

1词法  一级排除A,B,E

so…that

2单复数  一级排除A,B,C

D, the best choice, correctly subordinates sleeping and moving to hangs while using the idiomatically correct phrasing so (infrequently) that.... The pronoun its shows clearly that the limbs belong to the sloth, not the trees (单复数解决代词指代歧义的问题).

3逻辑意思

hang and sleep 和 handg, sleeping 的区别
                

hang and sleep (表达的意思不一样，这样并列睡觉的时候就不挂着拉

elinaqu

164. The commission proposed that funding for the park's development, which could be open to the public early next year, is obtained through a local bond issue.

(A)  that funding for the park's development, which could be open to the public early next year, is

(B)  that funding for development of the park, which could be open to the public early next year, be

(C)  funding for the development of the park, perhaps open to the public early next year, to be

(D)  funds for the park's development, perhaps open to the public early next year, be

(E)   development funding for the park, which could be open to the public early next year, is to be

 

1修饰  宾语从句that不能省略一级排除
                C,D,E

 

2逻辑意思二级排除
                A

Choice A attaches the relative clause which could be open ... to the noun development, when, in fact, it is the park that could be open.

C also uses to be unidiomatically where be is correct: the commission proposed [that] funding ... to be obtained is wrong.
                要说propose that, 不说propose to do è
                就是管老师说的动词后面宾语从句比不定式简洁

Choice D incorrectly uses perhaps open to the public ... to modify development;è说明了一个原则, 逗号+形容词作插入语的时候, 往往不是紧跟前面的名词了, 作状语修饰核心词的可能性大
                    

elinaqu

165. At Shiprock, New Mexico, a perennially powerful girls' high school basketball team has become a path to college for some and a source of pride for a community where the household incomes of 49 percent of them are below the poverty level.

(A)  where the household incomes of 49 percent of them are

(B)   where they have 49 percent of the household incomes

(C)  where 49 percent of the household incomes are

(D)  which has 49 percent of the household incomes

(E)   in which 49 percent of them have household incomes

 

1.代词无指代
                  一级排除
                A,B,E

 

2 逻辑意思
                 二级排除
                D

In addition, the wording of both A and E confuses the percentage of community residents (the implied referent of them) with the percentage of households, not the same thing at all (逻辑意思表达的很细微之处
                the use of have in B and E and of has in D illogically suggests that the community possesses 49% of all the household incomes below the poverty line.(体会歧义

;

不明白，D不也有歧义阿，49 percent of the household, 和49 percent of incomes 啊？？？

yukee820

这么好的帖子为什么还不加精啊???

yukee820

Thank you very much for your work!!!

Here are the answers to your questions, and my suggestions to some explainations.

165. Choice D  is wrong.

The sentence "a community which has 49 percent of the household income" illogically suggests that it is the community which possesses 49% of all the household incomes below the poverty line. But it should be "the residents in the communicty" to possess the household incomes. The logical subject should be "the residents in the community", but not the "community".

142. 

"体会区别: 三个表示限制修饰的形式   

thousands of irate consumers demanding that  （现在分词-限定   ）   

thousands of irate consumers with the demand that (with介词短语    –限定)

thousands of irate consumers who demanded that   （定语从句    – 非限定）"
      

My opinion is:

thousands of irate consumers demanding that   (unrestrictive)

thousands of irate consumers with the demanding that  (restrictive)

thousands of irate consumers who demanded that  (restrictive)

140. Choice D incorrectly uses the attributive clause " which farmers...." to modify "land", not the "declining values".

Choice E, the best answer, clearly uses the appositive clause to identify the subject "declining values."

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-25 14:26:28编辑过]

yukee820

MM, I can not understand the following sentences, could you please explain them? Thank you very much!

2简洁
            二级排除A,D
                

Choices A and D are plagued by awkwardness and wordiness. Choice A also introduces the unidiomatic phrase lack of some other doctor(托福错误). ???