OG10语法268题及GWD22语法总结日记，监督自己并欢迎大家多给意见

elinaqu

149. Last year, land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost so fast, and in some parts even faster than what they did outside the pinelands.

(A)  so fast, and in some parts even faster than what they did

(B)  so fast, and in some parts even faster than, those

(C)  as fast, and in some parts even faster than, those

(D)  as fast as, and in some parts even faster than, those

(E)   as fast as, and in some parts even faster than what they did

 

1比较词  一级排除 A,B,C

as fast as

use the proper form of the comparative conjunction, as fast as;

2插入语二级排除
                E

enclose the parenthetical statement and... even faster than in commas and (插入语);

3those/what they did
                

preserve parallel structure, clarity of reference, and economy by using those to substitute for land values in the completed comparison.

elinaqu

150. In the mid-1960's a newly installed radar warning system mistook the rising of the moon as a massive missile attack by the Soviets.

(A)  rising of the moon as a massive missile attack by the Soviets

(B)   rising of the moon for a massive Soviet missile attack

(C)  moon rising to a massive missile attack by the Soviets

(D)  moon as it was rising for a massive Soviet missile attack

(E)   rise of the moon as a massive Soviet missile attack

1词法
            一级排除A,C,E

mistake  for 对

mistake   as 错

mistake   to 错

Choice B is best because it alone correctly handles the idiom to mistake x for y.

Choice C incorrectly uses mistook... to, and choices A and E incorrectly use mistake ... as.

2简洁  二级排除D

Though choice D manages the correct preposition, for, the phrase the moon as it was rising for is less efficient and precise than the phrasing of choice B: since rising functions as a verb in D, the phrase for a massive... attack now seems to modify rising rather than mistook.(状语引起的修饰歧义，理解不同造成一种新的歧义错误) è这个就是管老师讲的谓语动词是个山, 把前后分割开来, for a massive attack就被be rising分割来

Choice E also employs the nonidiomatic rise of the moon.

 

常常说的是rise/decline/change/increase/decrease/…….in sth 在某方面的变化

升起（动作）和attack（动作性名词）也是蛮并列，般配的。

 

为什么用rise 不用 rising 这里，为什么？有什么区别？

elinaqu

151. If Dr.

Wade was right, any apparent connection of the eating of highly processed foods and excelling at sports is purely coincidental.

(A)   If Dr. Wade was right, any apparent connection of the eating of

(B)   Should Dr. Wade be right, any apparent connection of eating

(C)   If Dr. Wade is right, any connection that is apparent between eating of

(D)  If Dr. Wade is right, any apparent connection between eating

(E)   Should Dr. Wade have been right, any connec­tion apparent between eating

 

1时态对应
            ：一级排除A,E
                

 主从句的时态平行： if is…. , y is….

2习语：
            二级排除 A,B

connection between x and y

3修饰effectiveness：
            三级排除C

apparent connection 要比connection that is apparent简洁

the adjective apparent appears in front of its headnoun connection, not after, not by a that clause (简洁，一种常见错误).=è
            这个考的很多啊….effectiveness

4平行

A and C violate parallelism with eating of. 错误在于把动名词和分词并列了è名词和分词是不能并列的!!!!!出现很多此

动作性名词和动作性名词并列，名词性和名词性并列。

Eating of 的话，eating就成了名词性的拉, 还有 the也在起作用。

 

 

这里出现should 是为什么？可以这么用吗？

elinaqu

152. When the technique known as gene-splicing was invented in the early 1970's, it was feared that scien­tists might inadvertently create an "Andromeda strain," a microbe never before seen on Earth that might escape from the laboratory and it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it.

(A)  it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it

(B)   it might kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against it

(C)  kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it(虚拟语气没有错)

(D)  kill vast numbers of humans who have no natu­ral defenses against them

(E)   kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against them

1平行一级排除 A,B

might escape ,,,,, and kill,,,,

Choices A and B each violate parallel construction by intro­ducing a new independent clause, it would kill... and it might kill...

2单复数
                 二级排除D,E

a microbe ,, 对应单数 it

3虚拟语气

In addition, choices B, D, and E lack would and thus do not express the conditional

4修饰限定/非限定

who定语从句
            非限定

with介词短语
            限定性  （如果这里用with就意味着特指那些没有natural defenses against it 的人，也就是说有一些人是有natural defenses against it

 

由本题可见，OG还是要认真的看，这儿重复了多个前面讲过的错误，而在这儿就一笔带过，没有再仔细解释（比如限定和非限定修饰的区别）

 

elinaqu

153. A recording system was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office that even Theodore C. Sorensen, the White House counsel, did not know it existed.

(A)  A recording system was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office that

(B)   So secret was a recording system installation and operation in the Kennedy Oval Office

(C)  It was so secret that a recording system was installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office

(D)  A recording system that was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office

(E)   Installed and operated so secretly in the Kennedy Oval Office was a recording system that

1句子结构./so ,,,that   一级排除 B,C,D,E

2倒装

主语和宾语不能倒装，会造成不简洁。

倒装句子的还原：so secret was a recording system installation and operation  =è a recording system installation and operation was so secret  主谓宾 ==》
            宾主谓

elinaqu

154. In 1791 Robert Carter III, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by filing a deed of emancipa­tion, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered his property.

(A)  setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered

(B)  setting free more than the 500 slaves legally considered as

(C)  and set free more than 500 slaves, who were legally considered as

(D)  and set free more than the 500 slaves who were legally considered

(E)   and he set free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered as

1平行
            一级排除 C,D, E

This sentence requires that the participial phrase setting free... connect to the gerund construction by filing a deed...; it was the filing of a deed that made possible the setting free .... 分词伴随表结果

关键分清动作的先后顺序

 

2修饰  二级排除B

In choices B and D the misconstructed phrases set[ting] free more than the 500 slaves ... mistakenly suggest that Carter set free slaves that were not his own.  定冠词 the 不能随意加减，改变位置

Choices C and D distort meaning by paralleling stunned and set free, as though these were two separate and independent actions.

仔细体会意思的差别，the more than 500 slaves considered his proverty 说明所有的奴隶都是他的，more than the 500 slaves 说明500个是它的，还有别人的也被他放了。当然本题不用这个也能搞定！！因为consider as 用错了。

3词法

consider sth.对 consider as 错
            为什么？

elinaqu

155. Federal authorities involved in the investigation have found the local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent. and are suspicious of strangers.

(A)  the local witnesses are difficult to locate, reti­cent, and are

(B)   local witnesses to be difficult to locate, reticent, and are

(C)  that local witnesses are difficult to locate, reti­cent, and

(D)  local witnesses are difficult to locate and reti­cent, and they are

(E)   that local witnesses are difficult to locate and reticent, and they are

1平行   一级排除 A,B,D,E

This sentence requires parallelism in the three coordinate complements that form the direct object clause: local wit­nesses are (1) difficult..., (2) reticent, and (3) suspicious

2修饰  宾语从句that不能省略一级排除 B,D

reticent  adj.

Inclined to keep one's thoughts, feelings, and personal affairs to oneself.

 沉默寡言的倾向于保留某人的想法、感情及个人事务的

See: silent

Restrained or reserved in style.

 有节制的在风格上受限的或保留的

Reluctant; unwilling.

不愿的：勉强的

elinaqu

156. Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out that dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads.

(A)  dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads

(B)  dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do

(C)  maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as paved roads do

(D)  maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as it does for paved roads

(E)   to maintain dirt roads costs twice as much as for paved roads

 

1比较/对应  一级排除A,C,D,E

A  the cost of dirt roads 比较the cost of maintaining paved roads.

C the cost of maintaining dirt roads 比较 the cost of paved roads themselves.

D it 无指代对象

E
            to maintain dirt roads 比较for paved roads

elinaqu

157. A number of linguists contend that all of the thou­sands of languages spoken by the world's five billion people can be traced back to a common root language.

(A)  that all of the thousands of languages spoken by the world's five billion people can be traced

(B)  that the world's five billion people speak thou­sands of languages of which all can be traced

(C)  the world's five billion people speak thousands of languages which are all traceable

(D)  all of the thousands of languages spoken by the world's five billion people to be traceable

(E)   the ability to trace all of the thousands of languages that are spoken by the world's five billion people

1修饰  宾语从句that不能省略一级排除
                C,D,E

uses a noun clause introduced by that after contend,

 

2逻辑意思/句子中心
            二级排除B

 keeps the "contention" clear by making all of the thousands of languages the subject of the noun clause （句子重心的问题）, and precisely indicates the relationship of the thousands of languages to the common root language (they can be traced back to it).

 

B and C produce convoluted and ill-focused sentences(句子重心把) by making the world's five billion people the subject of the noun clause. The phrase of which all in B is unidiomatic (all of which is the idiom).

E, in substituting a noun phrase, becomes incoherent and ungrammatical.

 

句子表达要清晰的一道较好的例题!

A and b 比较，还是要求对句子整体的把握。虽然不难。比如b选项，即便是消除了其他的错误，也不可能是正确的选项，因为宾语从句的内容一定要和contend匹配（50亿人民说几千种语言根本是个不争的事实，根本没有contend的必要）

 

elinaqu

158. With only 5 percent of the world's population, United States citizens consume 28 percent of its nonrenewable resources, drive more than one-third of its automobiles, and use 21 times more water per capita than Europeans do.

(A)   With

(B)   As

(C)   Being

(D)  Despite having

(E)   Although accounting for

1逻辑意思  一级排除 A,B,C

原句应有蕴含一个对比的意思

the contrast between the size of the United States population and the activities of its citizens.

2词法  二级排除D

with/ having

With in choice A and Despite having in choice D confusingly suggest that United States citizens somehow possess, rather than constitute, 5 percent of the world's population.

Account for ( account for something phrasal verb)

1 to form a particular amount or part of something

Afro-Americans account for 12% of the US population.

 

2to be the reason why something happens

Recent pressure at work may account for his behavior.

 

3to give a satisfactory explanation of why something has happened or why you did something

Can you account for your movements on that night?

 

4to say where all the members of a group of people or things are, especially because you are worried that some of them may be lost

Three days after the earthquake, more than 150 people had still to be accounted for.