OG10语法268题及GWD22语法总结日记，监督自己并欢迎大家多给意见

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以下是引用yukee820在2007-8-26 0:53:00的发言：

MM, I can not understand the following sentences, could you please explain them? Thank you very much!

2简洁
   二级排除A,D
    

Choices A and D are plagued by awkwardness and wordiness. Choice A also introduces the unidiomatic phrase lack of some other doctor(托福错误). ???

我想MM的疑问是不是some other 呀？这个我看了CD里的讨论贴没有一个定论，意见是

some other 后边和doctore不搭配，some other后跟不可数名词，同时some other不如another简洁

elinaqu

166. The prime lending rate is a key rate in the econ­omy: not
                only are the interest rates on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses tied to the prime, but also on a growing number of consumer loans, including home equity loans.

(A)  not only are the interest rates on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses tied to the prime, but also on

(B)  tied to the prime are the interest rates not only on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses, but also on  (倒装)

(C)  the interest rates not only on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses are tied to the prime, but also

(D)  not only the interest rates on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses are tied to the prime, but also on

(E)   the interest rates are tied to the prime, not only on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses, but also

1并列  一级排除 A,C,D,E

形式严格并列的例题not only on..., but also on....

prime lending rate

the lowest rate of interest at which companies can borrow money from a bank

see also base rate

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167. Neanderthals had a vocal tract that resembled those of the apes and so were probably without language, a shortcoming that may explain why they were supplanted by our own species.

(A)  Neanderthals had a vocal tract that resembled those of the apes

(B)  Neanderthals had a vocal tract resembling an ape's

(C)  The vocal tracts of Neanderthals resembled an ape's

(D)  The Neanderthal's vocal tracts resembled the apes’

(E)   The vocal tracts of the Neanderthals resembled those of the apes

1并列一级排除
    C,D,E

and 前后的动词的主语要一致

C, D, and E present the inappropriate subject vocal tracts, which cannot logically govern the second member of the predicate (i.e.,
      vocal tracts cannot be said to be without language).
    

2单复数
                    二级排除 A

Choice A the plural pronoun those does not agree with its singular antecedent, a vocal tract.

用B比A 还有个好处就是: B 用的是an ape’s, 一来
                        an ape是单数, 二来镶嵌在所有格里面, 完全避免了和后面代词they 的混淆.

Moreover, it is better to use the singular in referring to an anatomical feature common to an entire species(注意这儿出现的单复数问题，以后会在很多地方出现，小心);

 

C, D, and E use the plural vocal tracts. D compounds the problem by giving multiple vocal tracts to one Neanderthal (小心自己对d的这种单数形式不是很敏感，包括银行账号那道题).

 

本题中出现的单复数问题值得关注，同样的表达还有很多（比如：蝎子的那道题，美国人有自行车的那道）拥有者用复数，拥有的东西用单数，这样表达的意思最清楚（每人一个，而不会理解为每人好多个）Their body/ the income of the families/

 Rate 可以和rates 比，单数可以和复数比较

2单复数
        二级排除 A

Choice A the plural pronoun those does not agree with its singular antecedent, a vocal tract.

用B比A 还有个好处就是: B 用的是an ape’s, 一来
            an ape是单数, 二来镶嵌在所有格里面, 完全避免了和后面代词they 的混淆.

Moreover, it is better to use the singular in referring to an anatomical feature common to an entire species(注意这儿出现的单复数问题，以后会在很多地方出现，小心);

 

C, D, and E use the plural vocal tracts. D compounds the problem by giving multiple vocal tracts to one Neanderthal (小心自己对d的这种单数形式不是很敏感，包括银行账号那道题).

 

本题中出现的单复数问题值得关注，同样的表达还有很多（比如：蝎子的那道题，美国人有自行车的那道）拥有者用复数，拥有的东西用单数，这样表达的意思最清楚（每人一个，而不会理解为每人好多个）Their body/ the income of the families/

 Rate 可以和rates 比，单数可以和复数比较

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-26 15:52:34编辑过]

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168. Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces double the apples that it has in 1910.

(A)  double the apples that it has

(B)  twice as many apples as it did

(C)  as much as twice the apples it has

(D)  two times as many apples as there were

(E)   a doubling of the apples that it did

 

1时态一级排除
                A,C

in 1910过去式标志

2 简洁二级排除
                D

there be 句型

3逻辑意思  三级排除 D

E is illogical: since that refers to a doubling, E nonsensically asserts that the doubling occurred in 1910

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169. Seismologists studying the earthquake that struck northern California in October 1989 are still investigating some of its mysteries: the unexpected power of the seismic waves, the upward thrust that threw one man straight into the air. and the strange electromagnetic signals detected hours before the temblor.

(A)  the upward thrust that threw one man straight into the air, and the strange electromagnetic signals detected hours before the temblor

(B)  the upward thrust that threw one man straight into the air, and strange electromagnetic signals were detected hours before the temblor

(C)  the upward thrust threw one man straight into the air, and hours before the temblor strange electromagnetic signals were detected

(D)  one man was thrown straight into the air by the upward thrust, and hours before the temblor strange electromagnetic signals were detected

(E)   one man who was thrown straight into the air by the upward thrust, and strange electromagnetic signals that were detected hours before the temblor

1并列
            一级排除B,C,D,E

the first establishes the form required for the other two members of the series, a noun phrase introduced by the

(the unexpected power ..the upward thrust... and the strange electromagnetic signals ...).The也是并列的一部分，最好有，越齐整越好

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170. Although early soap operas were first aired on evening radio in the 1920's, they had moved to the daytime hours of the 1930's when the evening schedule became crowded with comedians and variety shows.

(A)  were first aired on evening radio in the 1920's, they had moved to the daytime hours of the 1930's

(B)   were first aired on evening radio in the 1920's, they were moved to the daytime hours in the 1930's

(C)  were aired first on evening radio in the 1920's, moving to the daytime hours in the 1930's

(D)  were aired first in the evening on 1920's radio, they moved to the daytime hours of the 1930's

(E)   aired on evening radio first in the 1920's, they were moved to the 1930's in the daytime hours

1句子完整性
            一级排除C

In C, moving introduces a dangling participial phrase in place of an independent clause, thus producing a fragment. 这样一放, 没有主句了.

2并列  二级排除D,E

Choice D breaks this parallelism by shifting from passive to active voice (moved). 从意思上看, 被移动, 被播放

3时态
            二级排除 A

 the past perfect should be used to indicate action completed before, not after, the action of were aired. 体会完成时态的意思èwhen we use a tense or other structure, the tense or structure itself decides the meaning. We need to use the righteous structure to express our meaning. Not only think about the meaning. Past perfect tense itself expresses the meaning of completion of an action, no matter what the author wanted to say.

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171. In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage to Queen Catherine annulled so as to marry Anne Boleyn.

(A)  so as to marry

(B)   and so could be married to

(C)  to be married to

(D)  so that he could marry

(E)   in order that he would marry

 

1动词主语  一级排除A,B,C

A does not specify who is to marry Anne (歧义，弄不清楚到底谁和AB结婚，另外，可能真是主系表的时候用so __________ as to才比较好).

2 词法
            二级排除 E

could/would

Although E uses an appropriate conjunction, in order that, the verb form would marry is unidiomatic and illogical (might marry would be better,能，而不是将).

B把从属关系变成了并列关系，从属关系表达的是目的，而并列的话，就是be married 和sought并列，这样就出现了解释中造成意思不符合逻辑的情况—为了能什么和能什么的差距。
                B substitutes an illogical coordinate predicate for the needed purpose clause; because the annulment had not yet been granted. Henry could not remarry. （体会表达意思的差别：sought完了后并不能结婚，必须要等到批准后才可以）

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172. The energy source on Voyager 2 is not a nuclear reactor, in which atoms are actively broken apart; rather a kind of nuclear battery that uses natural radioactive decay to produce power.

(A)  apart; rather

(B)  apart, but rather

(C)  apart, but rather that of

(D)  apart, but that of

(E)   apart; it is that of

1平行  一级排除A,E

平行结构： not …. But rather

且前后成分的对应

here rather is optional but preferable because it helps estab­lish a contrast between the two types of energy source.

2代词指代  二级排除C，D

that of has no grammatical referent and thus produces illogical and incorrect sentences.

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173. Joan of Arc, a young Frenchwoman who claimed to be divinely inspired, turned the tide of English victories in her country by liberating the city of Orleans and she persuaded Charles VII of France to claim his throne.

(A)  she persuaded Charles VII of France to claim his throne

(B)  persuaded Charles VII of France in claiming his throne

(C)  persuading that the throne be claimed by Charles VII of France
                

(D)  persuaded Charles VII of France to claim his throne

(E)   persuading that Charles VII of France should claim the throne

1. 1平行  一级排除A,C,E

turned …. Persuaded,,, 并列

 

2词法   二级排除 B

persuade sb. To do sth.

persuade that不对

persuade that …should更加离谱

 

(仔细读E的意思，Persuading 是不能和liberating 并列的; 如果真的要和liberating并列的话，前边应该补除by以便更清晰

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174. A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn were published, reveals that Twain provided financial assistance to one of the first Black students at Yale
                Law
                School.

(A)  A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn were published,

(B)   A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year of publication as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,

(C)  A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published,

(D)  Mark Twain wrote a letter in the same year as he published The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn that

(E)   Mark Twain wrote a letter in the same year of publication as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn that

 

1.句子结构   一级排除D,E

E creates a similar confusion of meaning, and both D and E are awkward and imprecise because that is too far away from its referent (letter) to be clear(前边讲过的，修饰语离得越近越清楚

2 单复数   一级排除A
                

Also, the singular title of the novel demands a singular verb: for example, one would say, "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is (not "are") a great book."

书名对应用单数

3.修饰  二级排除B

In this sentence, the relative pronoun that should introduce the clause …The Adventures ... published to make a relative clause modifying year（that相当于一个定语从句）.

Choices A and D incorrectly substitute as for that to introduce the relative clause. è as 作连词时候不能引导定语从句, 只能引导时间/原因/表示比较

 

the same that 是对的，关系代词引导从句，修饰the same year that