OG10语法268题及GWD22语法总结日记，监督自己并欢迎大家多给意见

elinaqu

185. The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system, to lead to 55 percent more delays at airports, and prompts fears among some officials that safety is being compromised.

(A)
                        to lead to 55 percent more delays at airports, and prompts

(B)
                    leading to 55 percent more delay at airports and prompting

(C)
                        to lead to a 55 percent increase in delay at airports and prompt

(D)
                        to lead to an increase of 55 percent in delays at airports, and prompted

(E)  leading to a 55-percent increase in delays at airports and prompting

1平行  一级排除 A,C,D
                

介宾结构的平行： lead to sth. ….. / prompt sth.

2词法  二级排除 B
                

两个不定式连用不是很好

In C and D the infinitive phrase to lead to ... is less idiomatic

A..in   B 的用法
            更准确

55-percent increase in delays conveys the meaning more accurately than does the phrase 55 percent more delay(s)  .

elinaqu

186. Judge Bonham denied a motion to allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day instead of to confine them to a hotel.

(A)
                        to allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day instead of to confine them to

(B)
                        that would have allowed members of the jury to go home at the end of each day instead of confined to

(C)
                    under which members of the jury are allowed to go home at the end of each day instead of confining them in

(D)
                        that would allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day rather than confinement in

(E)  to allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day rather than be con­fined to

 

1比较
                  一级排除A,B,C,D

比较动作发出这不一致
            排除 A, C

In A and C, the phrase members of the jury is not the logical subject of the second option, to confine them or confining them, since jury members are not doing the confining.

 

比较格式要一致排除 B,D  to  do ..rather than to do 不定式比不定式

In B and D, confined and confinement are not infinitives and thus do not parallel to go in the first option.

 

又是一个并列的典范。不定式to 并列的时候，后边的to经常时可以省略的。

 

and, rather than,……并列时候是两边靠近的语法上面并列

1. to A to B and to C ==== B, C 语法上面是要求并列的

2. of A of B and of C ==== 同理, B,C语法上要求并列

elinaqu

187. In one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862, four times as many Americans were killed as would later be killed on the beaches of Normandy during D-Day.

(A)  Americans were killed as

(B)  Americans were killed than

(C)  Americans were killed than those who

(D)  more Americans were killed as there

(E)   more Americans were killed as those who

1比较词的准确性  一级排除 B,C,D,E

idiomatic form as many... as.

 

In B and C, as many ... than is unidiomatic, and in C and E, those who is a wordy intrusion.

 

In D and E, more is redundant because the phrase four times as many in the original sentence conveys the idea of more.

elinaqu

 

188. As a result of medical advances, many people that might at one time have died as children of such infections as diphtheria, pneumonia, or rheumatic fever now
                live well into old age.

(A)  that might at one time have died as children

(B)  who might once have died
                in childhood

(C)  that as children might once have died

(D)  who in childhood might have at one time died (时间放在动词和发出者之间, 错错错)

(E)   who, when they were children, might at one time have died

 

1平行：一级排除
                A,C,D,E

 主从句的平行： might once have died in childhood / live well into old age.

非常重要的概念：主句和从句越并列越好，有的题无从下手的时候用这个很爽。当然，有主从句的时候首先考虑并列可能回作题做的非常快。本题是个依据，ets自己说的。

first, adverbs (once and now)', second, verbs (might have died and live); and third, adverbial prepositional phrases (in childhood and into old age).

用关系代词和并列平行搞定，多数情况下，越工整得越好，一大原则

2这里who 优于 that
                

3主谓之间不能用状语插入。who in childhood might have at one time
                died (时间放在动词和发出者之间, 错错错)

once   adv

At one time in the past; formerly.

过去的某一时间；以前

elinaqu

189. Proponents of artificial intelligence say they will be able to make computers that can understand English and other human languages, recognize objects, and reason as an expert does---computers that will be used to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether to authorize a loan, or other purposes such as these.

(A)  as an expert does--computers that will be used to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether to authorize a loan, or other purposes such as these

(B)  as an expert does, which may be used for purposes such as diagnosing equipment breakdowns or deciding whether to authorize a loan

(C)  like an expert--computers that will be used for such purposes as diagnosing equipment breakdowns or deciding whether to authorize a loan

(D)  like an expert, the use of which would be for purposes like the diagnosis of equipment breakdowns or the decision whether or not a loan should be authorized

(E)   like an expert, to be used to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether to authorize a loan or not, or the like

1平行
            一级排除 A, E

include, such as 后边列举的东东要并列

A  to diagnose,,,, deciding,,,, or other purpose

E  to diagnose,,,, deciding  or the like

2代词指代   二级排除 B,D

无先行词指代In B and D, which and the use of which introduce sentence elements that lack antecedents or reference. In addition, D is wordy.

 

*Such purpose as前者说的是"这样的目的",限制了这些目的

Purpose such as后者说的是"很多目的例如",暗示可能还有其他的标准

差别很大. 请仔细体会一下

 

* 并列，另外like an expert也更简洁。Such as these或者用this去代替前边的整个思想，这样的表达在gmat中都是笨拙的。

elinaqu

190. Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica. the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and the victory of the Usuli "mujtahids" in Shiite Iran and Iraq.

(A)  Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and

(B)  Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and also

(C)  In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, of the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and

(D)  In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and

(E)   In the first period of religious reformism, Islamic political militancy was manifested in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, and the Mahdi in the Sudan, and in

1平行结构   一级排除 A,B,C,D

看清楚并列关系in the rise of... and in the victory of ...) and also for the series listed in the first of these    (s in t, u in v, w in x, and y in z).

2.动词比名词说的清楚

3. 时间状语/地点状语        放在句首/句尾更加直接有效，放在主语和谓语之间则笨拙，而且可能产生歧义，必错

elinaqu

191. Lawmakers are examining measures that would require banks to disclose all fees and account requirements in writing, provide free cashing of government checks, and to create basic savings accounts to carry minimal fees and require minimal initial deposits.

(A)  provide free cashing of government checks, and to create basic savings accounts to carry

(B)   provide free cashing of government checks, and creating basic savings accounts carrying

(C)  to provide free cashing of government checks, and creating basic savings accounts that carry

(D)  to provide free cashing of government checks, creating basic savings accounts to carry

(E)   to provide free cashing of government checks, and to create basic savings accounts that carry

1平行结构   一级排除 A,B,C,D

to disclose..., [to] provide ..., and to create ....

 

要么都米有to

to disclose…, provide,…and create…也行

这里为了清晰, 因为后面还有个to carry, 所以保留 to disclose..., [to] provide ..., and to create

elinaqu

192. Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the four thousand Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English. Spanish. and Italian words.

(A)  to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words

(B)  added to which is English, Spanish, and Italian words

(C)  to which English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added

(D)  with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it

(E)   and, in addition, English, Spanish, and Italian words are added

 

1单复数  一级排除 A,B

A and B incorrectly use singular forms has been added and is added.

2修饰   二级排除D,E
                

D offers an awkward adverbial construction, which cannot be used to modify nouns.   D 是个副词结构，不能用来修饰名词。

E offers an incoherent and incomplete new clause with the wrong verb tense and no logical complement for are added_ that is, we are not told to what the words are added.

 

Dialect 方言，语调

Add/ do/ try

Add sth to sth/ be added to sth====be added. 错

Do so. / be done. ==============do it/ when they did. /do that错

Try doing / try to do ===========try and do错

 

elinaqu

193. Unlike the United States, where farmers can usually depend on rain or snow all year long. the rains in most parts of Sri Lanka are concentrated in the monsoon months, June to September, and the skies are generally clear for the rest of the year.

(A)  Unlike the United States, where farmers can usually depend on rain or snow all year long, the rains in most parts of Sri Lanka

(B)  Unlike the United States farmers who can usually depend on rain or snow all year long, the rains in most parts of Sri Lanka

(C)  Unlike those of the United States, where farmers can usually depend on rain or snow all year long, most parts of Sri Lanka's rains

(D)  In comparison with the United States, whose farmers can usually depend on rain or snow all year long, the rains in most parts of Sri Lanka
                

(E)   In the United States, farmers can usually depend on rain or snow all year long, but in most parts of Sri Lanka the rains

1平行结构   一级排除 A,B,C,D

In comparative structures (unlike X, Y...; in comparison with X,Y...) X and Y must be both logically and grammatically parallel.

Choices A, B, C, and D all fail to observe logical parallelism:

A. Unlike the United States,... the rains...;

B. Unlike the United States farmers .. . , the rains .. . ;

C. Unlike those of the United States, . . . most parts of Sri Lanka's rains ... ; 变成了most parts of the US
                

D. In comparison with the United States,... the rains... .

E, the best choice, avoids the problem by using two independent clauses linked by but to present a clear, direct contrast between conditions in the United States and those in most parts of Sri Lanka.

并列句子的妙用:

 

2修饰
            所有格错误

C also suffers from the unintelli­gible most parts of Sri Lanka's rains.(精神病呓语) 双重所有格, 错

elinaqu

194. Presenters at the seminar, one who is blind, will demonstrate adaptive equipment that allows visually impaired people to use computers.

(A)  one who

(B)   one of them who

(C)  and one of them who

(D)  one of whom

(E)   one of which

1句子结构  一级排除 C

2 主谓一致   一级排除 A

3  修饰   二级排除 Ewho 修饰人，which 修饰物

Choice E employs which, a relative pronoun that does not refer to people (presenters), but only to things.

4 B和 D的区别是什么？???

The subject, presenters, must be followed by a limiting appositive _ such as one of whom, that identifies an indi­vidual from among a larger group. Choice D is best: one of whom best serves an appositive to the subject, presenters, because the phrase means "one from among several or many." Choices B and C are ungrammatical because who competes with one as the subject of is就是说两个东东只能有一个在, 不然动词就有两个发出者了.??????

有一道题用, professionals, request of whom. ; 这种样子都叫同位语。