OG10语法268题及GWD22语法总结日记，监督自己并欢迎大家多给意见

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85. Out of America's fascination with all things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing back the chaise lounge, the overstuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.

(A)  things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing

(B)  things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that is bringing

(C)  things that are antiques has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that bring

(D)  antique things have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing

(E)   antique things has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that bring

1.       单复数一致：一级排除A,C,D,E, 

has /have grown

判断出来此句的主语是 a market， is bringing/ bring  

2.定语从句：   定语从句的修饰中心词不一定就是其前面紧接着的名词，而是要从句子的逻辑意思判断。决定了从句的谓语。。

3.简洁：things that are antiques / antiques things  that are 能省就要省。

 

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86. Having the right hand and arm being crippled by a sniper's bullet during the First World War, Horace Pippin, a Black American painter, worked by holding the brush in his right hand and guiding its movements with his left hand.

(A)  Having the right hand and arm being crippled by a sniper's bullet during the First World War

(B)   In spite of his right hand and arm being crippled by a sniper's bullet during the First World War

(C)  Because there had been a sniper's bullet during the First World War that crippled his right hand and arm

(D)  The right hand and arm being crippled by a sniper's bullet during the First World War

(E)   His right hand and arm crippled by a sniper's bullet during the First World War

 

1.词法/绝对致命错误  一级排除 A

having…being ….

In A, the use of the two participles Having and being is ungrammatical (这种结构一看就faint). è both of the participles are indicating ongoing situation. Usually, we only use Verbing, do not use Having, Being to indicate ongoing situation. Use Being for passive action.

2．时态分词：
            二级排除B,C,D

现在分词表示持续发生词法：
                

having/being/there be / there being 不好时态：
                

过去完成时必须有明确的时态标志。

3.状语位置改变排除C

Choice C is wordy and awkwardly places the clause beginning that crippled... so that it appears to modify the First World War rather than bullet(状语位置改变引起歧义).

 

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87. Beyond the immediate cash flow crisis that the museum faces, its survival depends on if it can broaden its membership and leave its cramped quarters for a site where it can store and exhibit its more than 12,000 artifacts.

(A)  if it can broaden its membership and leave

(B)   whether it can broaden its membership and leave

(C)  whether or not it has the capability to broaden its membership and can leave

(D)  its ability for broadening its membership and leaving

(E)   the ability for it to broaden its membership and leave

1. 词法：whether / if ; 一级排除 A

Choice A is faulty because it uses the unidiomatic construction depends on if; whether is required to connect depends on with the clause beginning it can....(whether引导名词从句，而且，讨论是否问题，因为if有两个意思, 所以不用if, if 专门用在: if you do A, I will do B.)

ability to do sth.
            不能用for一级排除
                D,E

Choices D and E use unidiomatic constructions where the phrase its ability to broaden is required.

而且capability是天生的能力, 与生巨来的能力

2.简洁：二级排除
                C

 whether or not / whether ;  has the capability to / can /

 

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88. The Emperor Augustus, it appears, commissioned an idealized sculpture portrait, the features of which are so unrealistic as to constitute what one scholar calls an "artificial face."

(A)  so unrealistic as to constitute

(B)  so unrealistic they constituted

(C)  so unrealistic that they have constituted

(D)  unrealistic enough so that they constitute

(E)   unrealistic enough so as to constitute

1.词法/绝对致命错误： enough + so that / so as to 必错！
            一级排除B,D,E

unrealistic enough to constitute would be idiomatic, but the use of enough is imprecise and awkward in this context(用词的准确性). Enough是主观词语, 和be to do一样, 出来就死……基本上

So that / so as to  的选择取决于 so as to 有没有明确的逻辑主语；逻辑主语正确的情况下用 so as to ; so that 不能随便省略后面的that

感觉逻辑主语对的时候，用so …… as to 比so…… that要更简洁)，何况这而用完成时没道理;

so that/ so as to 肯定是so that 简洁è中间没有系表结构的时候

系表结构so……that 主谓宾   /系表结构 so……as to do sth 就看有没有明确的逻辑主语. 逻辑主语没歧义的时候, 就可以用so….as to do sth.

2.时态：
            二级排除C

主从句的时态呼应，在没有明确的时间标志下，一致比较好。
            现在完成时态需要理由。

The verbs are and calls indicate that the sculpture is being viewed and judged in the present. Thus, neither the past tense verb constituted (in B) nor the present perfect verb have constituted (in C) is correct

主从句中时态的呼应是gmat经常考点之一；

 

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89. A recent national study of the public schools shows that there are now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were four years ago.

 

(A)              there are now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were

(B)  there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were

(C)  there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were (microcomputers for pupils)

(D)  every thirty-two pupils now have one micro­computer, four times as many than there were

(E)   every thirty-two pupils now has one microcom­puter, four times as many as

 

1.比较结构/绝对惯用语：一级排除A,B,D 

as .. as / 不能用 as … than

2. 逻辑意思：二级排除E
                

从逻辑意思上看清楚比较的对象：
            比率对比率；
            不清楚的从逻辑意思判断

the construction "one X for every thirty-two Y's" to describe the ratio

Choices D and E reorder and garble the "one X ..." construction, making four times as many refer illogically to pupils.

本题应该作为一道比较重点的“比较”题目来学习：首先，比较的对象是什么？看懂意思的话，很显然，是在比较两个“比率”（RATIO）. 由C的比较结构看，就是在比较这个比率，即there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were (microcomputers for pupils) four years ago. 然而，E中的结构却看不出来是谁和谁在比较，而且，如果按照正常的理解，应该是PUPILS 和PUPILS在比较，这样的话就产生一个严重的逻辑错误—好像说4年前每8个学生有一个微机

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90. Since 1986, when the Department of Labor began to allow investment officers' fees to be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations began paying their investment advisers a small basic fee, with a contract promising higher fees if the managers perform well.

(A)   investment officers’ fees to be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations began

(B)   investment officers’ fees to be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations began

(C)   that fees of investment officers be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations have begun

(D)  fees of investment officers to be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations have begun

(E)   that investment officers' fees be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations began

1.       时态：
            一级排除A,B,E

完成时态的标志： Since + 时间
            ：
            后面用现在完成时

2.       介词短语：二级排除C

 介词+ 简单名词
            ；
            不要接从句，不要接名词+句子，不要接名词+doing ..

C allow that …. Be based on  how …..

D  Allow sth. To be based on + n.             

allow … to do sth.  ==》 allow that .. fees be based 不对

3.代词指代：
                

代词不能指代所有格：  officers ‘ fee .. 后面的 they 不能指代 officers. 但是
            改成 of 形式，就可以
            了， fees of officers .. they 可以指代。they has no referent, since officers is a possessive modifier of fees. (所有格—‘s—中的名词是不能作为指代对象得，应该变成of结构以后才可以è
            被buried了)

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91. Like many self-taught artists, Perle Hessing did not begin to paint until she was well into middle age.

(A) Like

(B)
                         As have

(C) Just as with

(D) Just like (wordy)

(E)
                         As did

 

1. 比较结构：一级排除B,C,D,E

Like /As 结构比较：  Like + n. / As + 句子；在都可以的情况下， like 比 as 要简洁。

 just as / just like 不简洁
            ，除了 just as ………so

当主句有否定的情况下， as + 动词
            不能表示合适的比较意义。，

否定状态下 as did 不好 ==》
            排除 E

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92. Never before had taxpayers confronted so many changes at once as they had in the Tax Reform Act of 1986.

(A)  so many changes at once as they had in

(B)  at once as many changes as

(C)  at once as many changes that there were with

(D)  as many changes at once as they confronted in

(E)   so many changes at once that confronted them in

 

1比较结构：
            一级排除A,B,E

Never + as/so … as 都可以。比较结构的意思上的对等。。  as… that 不合理

A。 as they had è as they had confronted ,时间点不合理。
            è
            排除 A

B.   as… as the Tax …   Tax / changes 比较不合理。è
            排除 B

C.   so many … that 无比较意义è
            排除 E

 

2．时态：     比较结构的时态前后要考虑是否逻辑上合理。。。。

 

3．修饰：二级排除C    状语的位置不能随便改变。。。。

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93. It is well known in the supermarket industry that how items are placed on shelves and the frequency of inventory turnovers can be crucial to profits.

(A)  the frequency of inventory turnovers can be

(B)  the frequency of inventory turnovers is often

(C)  the frequency with which the inventory turns over is often

(D)  how frequently is the inventory turned over are often

(E)   how frequently the inventory turns over can be

1 平行结构：一级排除A,B,C

从句对从句

x and y can be crucial," in which x and y are parallel clauses, each introduced by the conjunction how

2.单复数一级排除B,C

In B and C is often does not agree with the plural compound subject

3 句子意思：二级排除D

 不能是 how frequently is the inventory turned over , 时刻记着 A is B  要意思对等

Choice D ungrammatically reverses the subject-verb order with is the inventory.应该用陈述语序

文中的can是不能随便就省略掉的.

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94. The psychologist William James believed that facial expressions not only provide a visible sign of an emotion, actually contributing to the feeling itself.

(A)  emotion, actually contributing to the feeling itself

(B)  emotion but also actually contributing to the feeling itself

(C)  emotion but also actually contribute to the feeling itself

(D)  emotion; they also actually contribute to the feeling of it

(E)   emotion; the feeling itself is also actually contributed to by them

1平行结构：一级排除A,B,D,E
                

not only .. but also 前后要绝对平行。

2 简洁：    

is … contributed to by them / contribute to …. 被动无理由        Feeling of it / feeling itself …