请进 －－OG-73

freegirl

73. “Fast cycle time” is a strategy of designing a manufacturing organization to eliminate bottlenecks and delays in production. Not only does it speed up production, but it also assures quality. The reason is that the bottlenecks and delays cannot be eliminated unless all work is done right the first time.
The claim about quality made above rests on a questionable presupposition that
(A) any flaw in work on a product would cause a bottleneck or delay and so would be prevented from occurring on a “fast cycle” production line
(B) the strategy of “fast cycle time” would require fundamental rethinking of product design
(C) the primary goal of the organization is to produce a product of unexcelled quality, rather than to generate profits for stockholders
(D) “fast cycle time” could be achieved by shaving time off each of the component processes in production cycle
(E) “fast cycle time” is a concept in business strategy that has not yet been put into practice in a factory

Answer from OG:
The argument presupposes that, if bottlenecks and delays are eliminated, production work must have been accomplished flawlessly. This presupposition is questionable, since there might well be flaws that do not impede the manufacturing process. The best answer is thus choice A.

谁能帮我分析一下原题的conclusion and assumption? 从哪句话我们可以得到这个有问题的 presupposes ： if bottlenecks and delays are eliminated, production work must have been accomplished flawlessly ？？

拜托 nn 们！

lll123

conclusion:not only does it speed up production, but it also assures quality.
assumption:the reason is that the bottlenecks and delays cannot be eliminated unless all work is done right the first time.
就是从 the reason is that the bottlenecks and delays cannot be eliminated unless all work is done right the first time的初等答案.答案是和这句话对应的

freegirl

可我还是不太明白" the first time" 与整个题目有什么关系？与 fast cycle time 又有什么关系呢？
谢谢！！！

enhance

"all work is done right the first time" =  "flawless"

  原文第一段话和原文第二段话的关系是果在前,因在后.

  同样分析原文第一段话, 也是果在前,因在后的组合.
  找出两个原因,即是presuppositions:  
   (1) “Fast cycle time”   speed up production
   (2)  “Fast cycle time”  assures quality = flawless  

  分析原文第二段话, 同样果在前,因在后.
  利用逻辑分析:   Not A unless B 可以表达为  "B→ ～A"  
  也就是:   flawless 才能 eliminated bottlenecks

找出有问题的假设, 选出 A 自相矛盾的错误.
B,C,D,E 是干扰选项与原文中的假设无关.

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-10-24 5:04:04编辑过]

gugu

not A unless B :A→B
原文的推理是这样的:
结论是:瓶颈和延迟被消除了→所有的事情第一时间都正确了
必定存在假设一:除了瓶颈和延迟没有其它的错误了
Fast cycle time→speed up productivity, assure quality
存在假设二: Fast cycle time 可以消除瓶颈和延迟
那么这个推理就完整了:Fast cycle time→消除瓶颈和延迟→所有的事情第一时间都正确了

为什么用THE FIRST TIME 其关系在于:若第一时间不正确,第二,三时间正的话,就必定存在错误.也就是答案里说的任何错误,等价于第一时间不正确.等价于假设一的逆否命题.

这道题目是我前两天提出来过的,后来没有人理它,只能自己苦苦思索,呜,呜......当然我也是菜鸟一只,希望你能懂就好!

enhance

   谢谢 gugu,  让我认真思考了 unless 改正了我原文中的错误.

   not A unless B

   不(干旱),除非(下雨)
   
        (干旱) -> 没(下雨)    <=>  A→～B
      
         (下雨) -> 不(干旱)   <=>  B→～A

      不(干旱) 不能推出 (下雨)  <=>    ～A 不能推出 B   

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-10-24 5:09:56编辑过]

gugu

看来你还需要思考
干旱的必要条件是下雨.
你还是错了

freegirl

谢谢楼上的！我也是苦苦想了半天．
我的所获在于：原文把两个论据一个放在第一，一个放在第三，中间插上结论 not only...but also...,和我们一般的思维有些不同。第一： Fast cycle time 可以消除瓶颈和延迟
第三：瓶颈和延迟被消除→所有的事情第一时间都正确是必要条件
所以第二： not only does it speed up production, but it also assures quality.
其他，同意 gugu 的假设。

enhance

以下是引用gugu在2003-10-24 10:48:00的发言：
看来你还需要思考
干旱的必要条件是下雨.
你还是错了

我们都没错, 你用的是必要条件考虑的A和B的关系,
我用的是充分条件考虑的, 只是没有加注释.

谢谢你们提出这道问题讨论!

homosexual

非要这样从前提结论和假设的角度作题，许多题目会让大家都晕啊。

这题我觉得还是用另外一种思路比较好。

原文是由已知现象推测原因，题目是评价推测的假设。

现象：“Fast cycle time” is a strategy of designing a manufacturing organization to eliminate bottlenecks and delays in production. Not only does it speed up production, but it also assures quality. ”

推测的原因：“The reason is that the bottlenecks and delays cannot be eliminated unless all work is done right the first time.”意思是：所有工作一次性作对，是消除瓶颈和延误的必要条件。    格式：NOT A， UNLESS B

而a选项根本就是原文中原因的另外一种表述：没有（所有工作一次性作对）就会导致：无法（消除瓶颈和延误），从而“Fast cycle time” 无法实现。  格式：WITHOUT B， WITHOUT A

而解释中的表述方式只是从原文的“NOT A, UNLESS B" 变化为”IF A ，B“ 就是：如果（消除瓶颈和延误），那么（所有工作一次性作对）。

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-7-7 16:48:39编辑过]