Own producers (backward integration) - VS buy from independent producres
short term rewards
aw- restrict future immovative development
向后集成的优点:Remove ;centralizes;permits
commodities- certainly boost profits
aw- entail serious risk eg. 复杂客户electronics
向后集成的缺点
不买重要的parts--lock into outdated
Do not share
master-->demand 折中到end 的ability
aw+ Long -cost benefits= 向后集成
放弃向后集成的缺点:
Invest huge
Low profit threaten long term stability: 原因:end respond to market依赖于suppliers