[揽瓜阁精读] 274. Ozone

miawang00088

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miawang00088

一个措施：政府为了减少污染，计划禁止车内购餐等
1970年就出台防止污染的政策了，但20后才开始遵守
/--原因：只规定了防止污染达到的标准，没有规定怎么惩罚违反者
/--之前不愿意遵守的企业现在愿意了
ozone的危害，以及达到危害的标准/ozone的形成和存在条件
空气里的h车辆产生占一半，减少空气污染方法

Fox的Dream

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Fox的Dream

274. Ozone
P1 - In Los Angeles, officials plan to ban the 'drive-up' bankteller and the 'drive-thru' McDonald's to combate air pollution.
P2 - Across the US, there is a political will to comply with the provisions of the CAA of 1970. CAA did not described how the air quality standards were to be met or how the offenders would be punished. Hence the Ozone remains at high level of concentration in the air.
P3 - This year many industrialists support the chanegs to the CAA.
P4 - The CAA divides the country into 242 districts and sets limits for 6 key pollutants. Nearly every district meets the standards for the first 4, but almost 100 cities still exceed those for carbon monoxide and ozone. Carbon monoxide can be controlled by swiching automobiles with cleaner engines. Controlling ozone is more complicated.
P5 - In the upper atmosphere ozone is useful for blocking harmful solar rays, but on the ground it destroys molecules important to many biological processes.
P6 - In 1970, the CAA set the safe level of ozone concentration level at 0.12ppm. In a study published last year, some specialists think that a level of 0.8oom all day is harmful.
P7 - The trouble occurs when organic gases, which are mostly hydrocarbons, are present in the process.
P8 - Vehicles produce almost half the hydrocarbons in the air. Industry has two options:
       1/ clean the air after the air has absorbed the hydrocarbons, or,
        2/ redesign the products and processes so that they emit fewer hydrocarbons.

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雨雪霜雷电

274

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XX829412

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XX829412

        • LA：keep cars from idlling uncecassarily
        • USA: comply with CAA of 1970
                ○ CAA of 1970
                        § High standard
                                □ without: how to met & punish
                                □ Ozone: high level
                ○ Amending and strengthening
                ○ Difference
                        § Industrialists: support
                                □ Object to spend too costly
                ○ CAA: 242 districts and 6 key pollutants
                        § Controlling ozone is comlicated
        • Ozone
                ○ Upper atmosphere: useful
                ○ Ground: destroy mocecules
                        § Weaken immune system & attack lung tissue
                                □ Safe level: 0.12
                                        ® 0.14 harmful-0.8
                ○ Formation
                        § N02→NO+O→ O+O2=ozone
                        § Organic gases: without intervention of ozone ↑
                        § hydrocarbon： vehicle→cleaner engines
                        § Organic chemical： from different sources
                                □ 2 options: clean the air/redesign products and process