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269. Group size theory
P1 - A reduction in individual vigilance with increasing group size is one of the most frequently reported relationships. However the functional interpretation of the decline remains poorly understood.
P2 - Two main hypothesese:
1/ Pulliam: Many eyes effect - individuals in larger groups can enjoy the same predator detection rate while scanning less frequently
P3 - 2/ Bertram and etc.: If vigilance depends on predation risk and if that risk declines with increasing group size, vigilance should also decline.
P4 - Third hypotheses:
3/ Elgar: A reduction in vigilance with increasing group size might arise if group size relates to some other factor which in turn affects vigilance.
P5 - The perceived level of risk of attack may decline with the passing of time at a site w/o the appearance of a predator, while groups may build up through that time.
P6 - Lima & Lazarus: the risk reduced in larger groups. => whether the group vigilance hypothesis is an adequate explaination in vigilance with increasing group size and whether the individual risk hypothesis provides an alternative or additional explanation.
P7 - As no consideration was given to other hypotheses such as individual risk hypothese, the hypothesis that increased group size provides better detection will remain untested. The functional explanations remain untested.
vigilance 警惕性
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