【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-2】

kidvii · 发表于 2011-8-7 23:31:52

逻辑汇总贴：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-580862-1-1.html
阅读姊妹篇：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html

NO. 1

The government should enact a bill that would prohibit the sale and consumption of alcohol on commuter trains. Recently, the state, exercising its legitimate authority, passed a law to protect the health of commuters by prohibiting smoking on the commuter line. When intoxicated riders get off the train, get in their cars, and drive, the public is exposed to at least as much danger as are nonsmoking rail passengers who are forced to inhale cigarette smoke.
In arguing that alcohol consumption on commuter trains should be banned, the author relies on

题目来源：CR 大全LSAT TEST1 SECTION IV NO.1

NO. 2

Creating false marble is an art at which only those with a light hand can excel. Picasso, however, was a great artist, so while he did not have a light hand he could have excelled at creating false marble.
Which one of the following contains a logical error that most closely resembles the logical error contained in the passage?

题目来源：CR 大全LSAT TEST1 SECTION IV NO.2
NO.3

Although 90 percent of the population believes itself to be well informed about health care, only 20 percent knows enough about DNA. So apparently at least 80 percent of the population does not know enough about medical concepts to make well-informed personal medical choices or to make good public policy decisions about health care.
The argument’s reasoning is questionable because the argument fails to demonstrate that

题目来源：FEIFEI LOGIC 135 NO.1

NO.4

The gray squirrel, introduced into local woodlands ten years ago, threatens the indigenous population of an endangered owl species, because the squirrels’ habitual stripping of tree bark destroys the trees in which the owls nest. Some local officials have advocated setting out poison for the gray squirrels. The officials argue that this measure, while eliminating the squirrels, would pose no threat to the owl population, since the poison would be placed in containers accessible only to squirrels and other rodents.
Which one of the following, if true, most calls into question the officials’ argument?

题目来源：FEIFEI LOGIC 135 NO.4

NO.5

Sales manager: Last year the total number of meals sold in our company restaurants was much higher than it was the year before. Obviously consumers find our meals desirable.
Accountant: If you look at individual restaurants, however, you find that the number of meals sold actually decreased substantially at every one of our restaurants that was in operation both last year and the year before. The desirability of our meals to consumers has clearly decreased, given that this group of restaurants---the only ones for which we have sales figures that permit a comparison between last year and the year before---demonstrates a trend toward fewer sales.
If the sales figures cited by the accountant and the sales manager are both accurate, which one of the following must be true?
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the accountant’s argument?
题目来源：FEIFEI LOGIC 135 NO.5-6

daisyの小夢想 · 发表于 2011-8-7 23:58:35

沙发~ 有题目我们就可以“异想天开”了哈。

fox0923 · 发表于 2011-8-8 09:22:54

1. 42"
Cause: The public will be intoxicated from the train commuters who are forced to inhail the smoke on the train as well compare with the one suffered from the smokers, so the government banned the cigarette smoke.
Effect: So the government should ban the alcohol sale on the train.
Assumption：1. It's based on assumption that alcohol would cause the public in danger as same as the cigarette smoke.

2. 25"
Link:No one can excel an art work of false marble without one light hand--->but, Picasso can do this without one light hand.
Parallel: It's impossible that managers can make profits without good intuitions about market, but some managers can achieve this without using intuitions, yet using their experiences.

3. 37"
Cause: only 20% people know about DNA--> at least 80% of people don't really fully understand the information of health care
Effect: Therefore, these people cannot choose the appropriate health care for themselves.
Flaw: Choosing the appropriate health care doesn't require the knowledge of information of health care.

4. 42"
Cause:Squirrel has negative impact in endangered owl's environment since squirrels always destroy the trees where owls nest.
Effect: Squirrel and rodents will be poisoned only without harming owls.
Flaw: The poison will affect the trees and cause them died eventually.

5. 47"
Cause:Manager-the food desirability was increased from the report of food sales from last year compare to the year before. But accountant opposed that the food desirability was decreased according to the individual restaurant of this food company.
Inference: The overall food desirability was increased although the food sales in individual restaurant decreased.(It can be related with total profit > the sum of individual loss)
不过还没想好要怎么表达，如果加一些新的info，好像又不能算为inference must be true的答案。
Weaken： Most customers who like the food of this company are college students and study in a nearby college. But the students enrollment of this college has been decreased, so this has been gradually decreased the food consumption of this company. (这个嘛，纯属瞎编，不知道对不对）

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问题3：我考虑了一下有关于%的问题，但是还没有想出一个更好的可以用weaken比率来找出flaw的方法，大家有没有什么想法？不知道为甚，我一看见%和number的问题，脑子就马上反应到有关联的答案，但是每次的正确率都不高。。

fox0923 · 发表于 2011-8-8 09:23:59

异想天开好，哈。。比较适合我这个喜欢“day dreaming”的~~

spoiledchild · 发表于 2011-8-8 14:24:07

前提：因为旅客在列车上抽烟会遗留有害物质，后上车的旅客会吸入并造成影响。
结论：应该出法令禁止旅客在列车上喝酒。
推测：问题问assumption：吸烟和喝酒产生的危害效果一致。

前提：只有light hand的才能excel false marble。
结论：毕加索是伟大的画家，虽然他不是light hand，但是他可以excel。
推测：伟大画家不是万能的。

90%的人认为没有被正确告知医疗信息，20%的人了解DNA。。。。
不记得了。。。

前提：灰松鼠的闯入影响了owl的数量，因为他们呼唤鸟巢。
结论：有人建议给松鼠下药，认为不会误伤到owl，因为药会放在只有松鼠和其他啮齿类动物碰得到的地方。
推测：owl可能吃会吃到药的动物，从而间接中毒

经理：我们的总营业额上升了，说明顾客喜欢我们的饮食
会计：从单个店看，我们的销量都下降了。那些能够跟去年或往年相比的餐厅的营业额都降低了…..
没看完。。。

我太囧了，水平真差

ccmoom · 发表于 2011-8-8 16:52:40

1、严重超时
conclusion:alcohol consumption on commuter trains should be banned.
premise: the state passed a law to protect the health of commuters by prohibiting smoking on the commuter line.
background：When intoxicated riders get off the train, get in their cars, and drive, the public is exposed to at least as much danger as are nonsmoking rail passengers who are forced to inhale cigarette smoke.
结论是做出的类比。

2、45s
background：Creating false marble can excel only by a light hand.
premise：Picasso was a great artist.
conclusion：so while he did not have a light hand he could have excelled at creating false marble.

3、25s
background:90 percent of the population believes itself to be well informed about health care
premise：only 20 percent knows enough about DNA.
conclusion：at least 80 percent of the population does not know enough about medical concepts.

4、40s
background：The gray squirrel threatens the indigenous population of an endangered owl species.
premise：Some local officials have advocated setting out poison for the gray squirrels.since the poison would be placed in containers accessible only to squirrels and other rodents.
conclusion：the poison would pose no threat to the owl population

5、45s
background： the total number of meals sold was much higher than it was the year before. the number of meals sold actually decreased substantially at every one of restaurants that was in operation both last year and the year before.
conclusion：The desirability of our meals to consumers has clearly decreased, given that this group of restaurants.given that this group of restaurants demonstrates a trend toward fewer sales.

ccmoom · 发表于 2011-8-8 16:54:27

我好像有点理解错帖子练习的目的了……
是要用自己的话写出推理连？还是找到推理链就行了？

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-8-8 17:33:10

1. 反正超出45s太多了。。不好意思报了。。T T
premise: 吸烟喝酒的人在交通工具上使得其他没有吸烟喝酒的人被迫inhale
premise：貌似还有一个？
conclusion：要求enact一个法案禁止在上下班交通工具上吸烟喝酒
问题：ASSUMPTION，因为不记得另一个premise了，所以能想到的只有质疑第一个premise的数据可靠性。。掩面。。

2. 32s
premise 1：只有有light hand的人才能把false painting画好
premise 2：毕加索是艺术造诣很高的人
conclusion：所以毕加索没有light hand也能把false painting画好
问题：类比，stimulus中argument的问题在于conclusion违背了其中一个premise。答案应该也是conclusion默默忽略了其中一个premise的例子吧……

3. 27s
premise：90%的人觉得自己很了解医药概念，但是80%的人不知道DNA的具体作用
sub-conclusion：所以80%以上的人不了解医药概念
conclusion：并且这80%以上的人在用药方面不能做出很好的判断
问题：FLAW，把了解医药概念等同于了解DNA概念，而且还把了解医药概念等同于拥有用药判断能力。也可以描述成false assumption.

4.37s
BG：松鼠会strip tree barks，从而影响到当地猫头鹰的生存环境。
premise：当地人要喷洒一种毒药，这种毒药会放在只有松鼠和其他rodent够得到的地方。
conclusion；所以这种毒药不会影响到猫头鹰。
问题：FLAW，没有说明松鼠和rodent吃了毒药后会不会通过其他的方式间接影响到猫头鹰。
（额~我一直把gray看成gay了。。）

5.55s
premise：公司餐馆去年的营业额比前年的高了很多。
counter premise：其他个人餐馆的营业额去年前年都在下降。
conclusion：公司餐馆的营业额不可能下降（？）
问题：
1. MUST BE TRUE：想不到会是什么样的答案。。
2. FLAW：错误类比，可能要说两种餐馆没有可比度。。

又慢又混乱。。泪奔。。

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-8-8 17:49:35

第一篇的逻辑链好难！重新看了N遍才搞懂..
还是看了狐狐的post才发现我完全看错PREMISE和CONCLUSION了，我直接以为两个法案都是针对抽烟和喝酒的了..阅读的精确度啊！

P1 最近已经有一个法案禁止在公共交通工具上抽烟
P2 公共交通工具上的抽烟喝酒的人下了地铁、到自己的车里开车的时候，公众和让被迫inhale的人所面对的危害是一样大的。
C 应该制定新的法案以阻止地铁上的酒的销售和消费。

赞成CC 的类比的观点~

================================================
第五篇理解偏差太大了
P1 经理说因为去年和前年相比销售额上升，所以顾客是喜欢他们的餐点的。
P2 会计师说，实际上虽然公司总体销售额上升，但是单独的每个餐馆的点餐数都下降了。
P3 会计师还说，公司总体销售额是唯一的有前年和去年作比较的数据
C 所以会计师说顾客是更加不喜欢公司的餐点了。

问题：must be true——只要是讲总体数据反映销售情况向好的答案应该就是对的
weaken——可能会计师引用的前年到今年的数据也并不能反映trend，可能前年只是刚好特别高，两年不能反映一个趋势

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-8-8 18:11:46

to 狐狐，第三个的主要论述好像并不是建立在%的基础上的，%在这题里头没有起到什么数学上的作用，只是象征性地说明多和少。。我觉得%的题目貌似在比较的题目里头比较可能出考点。。
我的观点极度极度只能作为极小极小的参考。。

【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-2】

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