the "comma + ing" modifiershould only be used when: (A) it MODIFIES THE ENTIRE ACTION of the preceding clause, and it APPLIESTO THE SUBJECT of that clause;
AND
(B) one of the following is true: (1) the "ing" action is SIMULTANEOUS with, and SUBORDINATEto, the main action; - i ran down the sidewalk, flapping my arms wildly (2) the "ing" action is a DIRECT AND IMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCE ofthe main action. - i got a 100 on the most recent exam, bringing my average up to 91
-- since COMMA + -ING clauses are automatically attributed to the SUBJECTof the preceding clause, this modifies the moon. as it clearly should, in context.
also note that it applies not only to that subject, but to the entireaction of that clause (this is what makes it "adverbial").