【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-14】

Elisha728

5'33''
DCBDA

Elisha728

Crops can be traded on the futures market before they are harvested.  If a poor corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures rise; if a bountiful corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures fall.  This morning meteorologists are predicting much-needed rain for the corn-growing region starting tomorrow.  Therefore, since adequate moisture is essential for the current crop's survival, prices of corn futures will fall sharply today.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above?

(A) Corn that does not receive adequate moisture during its critical pollination stage will not produce a bountiful harvest.
(B) Futures prices for corn have been fluctuating more dramatically this season than last season.
(C) The rain that meteorologists predicted for tomorrow is expected to extend well beyond the corn-growing region.
(D) Agriculture experts announced today that a disease that has devastated some of the corn crop will spread widely before the end of the growing season.
(E) Most people who trade in corn futures rarely take physical possession of the corn they trade.

conclusion: since adequate moisture is essential for the current crop's survival, prices of corn futures will fall sharply today.
how to weaken the conclusion?

what if there are other factors that make ths year's bountiful harvest impossible?

answer A & D both suit such condition.

but D is better, why?


(A) Corn that does not receive adequate moisture during its critical pollination stage will not produce a bountiful harvest.
From the passage, we can not tell whether the corn is in its critical pollination stage while the rain is coming or not, so A is only an informative fact but can not weaken the conclusion.

(B) Futures prices for corn have been fluctuating more dramatically this season than last season. Irrelevant
(C) The rain that meteorologists predicted for tomorrow is expected to extend well beyond the corn-growing region. irrelevant
(D) Agriculture experts announced today that a disease that has devastated some of the corn crop will spread widely before the end of the growing season.
this disease  already exists according to option D, which will hurt the conclusion.
(E) Most people who trade in corn futures rarely take physical p
ossession of the corn they trade. Irrelevant

lyrsilvia

D CBDD
1. 25‘
P: increased airplanes are equipped with new anti-collision device. increasing disappear from air traffic controllers' screens
C: the new anti-collision is responsible for the disappearance
Weaken: there is no relation between device and disappearance. maybe some other factors cause the disappearance
答案：D
(A) The new anticollision device has already prevented a considerable number of mid-air collisions.-------It can prevent does not mean it cannot cause disappearance
(B) It was not until the new anticollision device was introduced that key information first began disappearing suddenly from controllers’ screens.----------support. means the device is responsible
(C) The new anticollision device is scheduled to be moved to a different frequency within the next two to three months.-----------states a plan but no information about the responsibility
(D) Key information began disappearing from controllers’ screens three months before the new anticollision device was first tested.------------CORRECT. means the device is not to be blame
(E) The sudden disappearance of key information from controllers’ screens has occurred only at relatively large airports.----------where this disappearance appears does not really state the responsibility

2. 22'
P: inconclusive judgment means the test has failed to show whether the examinee was truth truthful or not. But employers will sometimes refuse to hire a job applicant because of this inconclusive result
CONCLUSION: employers are unfair/ the job applicant is treated unfair
答案:C
(A) Most examinees with inconclusive polygraph test results are in fact untruthful.----------the machine failure cannot conclude the real situation
(B) Polygraph tests should not be used by employers in the consideration of job applicants.----------whether polygraph tests should be used is not the case
(C) An inconclusive polygraph test result is sometimes unfairly held against the examinee.---------------CORRECT. inconclusive≠untruth
(D) A polygraph test indicating that an examinee is untruthful can sometimes be mistaken.------------this situation is not discussed in the question
(E) Some employers have refused to consider the results of polygraph tests when evaluating job applicants.----------------whether employers refuse to consider the results is not the case. in the question, the employers are overly considering the results.

3. 20'
P: different local bowerbirds build different bowers
C: the bowerbirds' building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted trait
Strengthen: not genetically but learned
答案：B
(A) There are more common characteristics than there are differences among the bowerbuilding styles of the local bowerbird population that has been studied most extensively.-------------more common characteristics than differences means more genetically depended. weaken
(B) Young male bowerbirds are inept at bowerbuilding and apparently spend years watching their elders before becoming accomplished in the local bower style.-------------CORRECT. means not genetically depended but learned. thus a culturally acquired
(C) The bowers of one species of bowerbird lack the towers and ornamentation characteristic of the bowers of most other species of bowerbird.-----------------just states a strange species. cannot strengthen anything
(D) Bowerbirds are found only in New Guinea and Australia, where local populations of the birds apparently seldom have contact with one another.--------------birds seldom contact with one another does not weaken the genetically transmitted ability
(E) It is well known that the song dialects of some songbirds are learned rather than transmitted genetically.----------------song dialects of songbirds are irrelevant

4. 43'
P: to finance the improvements over the course of five years by raising automobile tolls
C: this plan for securing should be rejected because it force driver to absorb the entire cost
Doubt on the effectiveness of the PLAN: cannot finance enough money for the plan
答案：D
(A) Before the authority increases tolls on any of the area bridges, it is required by law to hold public hearings at which objections to the proposed increase can be raised.----------------whether the public hearings do, cannot give the reason to cast the doubt the effectiveness of the plan
(B) Whenever bridge tolls are increased, the authority must pay a private contractor to adjust the automated toll-collecting machines.-------------what about the machines does not reflect the effectiveness of the plan
(C) Between the time a proposed toll increase is announced and the time the increase is actually put into effect, many commuters buy more tokens than usual to postpone the effects of the increase.--------------whether commuters do before the plan put into effect does not affect the effectiveness of the plan
(D) When tolls were last increased on the two bridges in question, almost 20 percent of the regular commuter traffic switched to a slightly longer alternative route that has since been improved.----------------------CORRECT. means commuters refuse to pay the rolls. thus maybe the price increased cannot cover the profit loss by fewer commuters
(E) The chairman of the authority is a member of the Tristate Automobile Club that has registered strong opposition to the proposed toll increase.------------------who is the chairman is not related to the success of the plan.

5.  21'
BG: poor harvest--> price rise
    bountiful harvest-->price fall
P: This morning meteorologists are predicting much-needed rain for the corn-growing region starting tomorrow
C: since adequate moisture is essential for the current crop's survival, prices of corn futures will fall sharply today.
Weaken: while water is abundant, other factors may make the harvest poor
答案：D
(A) Corn that does not receive adequate moisture during its critical pollination stage will not produce a bountiful harvest.--------------means moisture is essential, strengthen
(B) Futures prices for corn have been fluctuating more dramatically this season than last season.--------------------history fluctuate cannot be the reason for the future fluctuate
(C) The rain that meteorologists predicted for tomorrow is expected to extend well beyond the corn-growing region.---------------the rain will be extend well beyond the region, this extended will not affect the region
(D) Agriculture experts announced today that a disease that has devastated some of the corn crop will spread widely before the end of the growing season.--------------CORRECT. means the disease may cause poor harvest. thus the price will rise
(E) Most people who trade in corn futures rarely take physical possession of the corn they trade.-------------------what people do does not explain the price fall or increase.

Mint静默

1) 计时：35s
2) 逻辑链
Background Information:
The number of airplanes equipped with a new anticollision device has increased steadily during the past two years.
Premise:
During the same period, it has become increasingly common for key information about an airplane’s altitude and speed to disappear suddenly from air traffic controllers’ screens.
Conclusion:
The new anticollision device, which operates at the same frequency as air traffic radar, is therefore responsible for the sudden disappearance of key information.
3) 推测：(Weaken)
它因，是air traffic radar 造成the sudden disappearance of key information
4) 选项分析：
(A) The new anticollision device has already prevented a considerable number of mid-air collisions. Irrelevant
(B) It was not until the new anticollision device was introduced that key information first began disappearing suddenly from controllers’ screens. Support not weaken
(C) The new anticollision device is scheduled to be moved to a different frequency within the next two to three months. Irrelevant
(D) Key information began disappearing from controllers’ screens three months before the new anticollision device was first tested. Correct
(E) The sudden disappearance of key information from controllers’ screens has occurred only at relatively large airports. Irrelevant

1) 计时：12s  OG经典题目啊~
2) 逻辑链
Premise 1:
Sometimes, the judgment made by a polygraph test means that the test has failed to show whether the examinee was truthful or untruthful.  
Premise 2:
Nevertheless, employers will sometimes refuse to hire a job applicant because of an inconclusive polygraph test result.
3) 推测：（Conclusion）
Choose C

1) 计时：18s  又是一道经典题目
2) 逻辑链
Background Information:
Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers.
Premise:
Different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles
Conclusion:
The bowerbirds' building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait.
3) 推测：(Support)
Choose B

1) 计时：44s
2) 逻辑链
Plan:
The authority plans to finance these improvements over the course of five years by raising automobile tolls(通行费) on the two highway bridges along the route the rail line serves.
Goal：
Increase ridership dramatically
Conclusion:
This plan for securing the necessary funds should be rejected because it would unfairly force drivers to absorb the entire cost of something from which they receive no benefit.
3) 推测：(Support)
照着Conclusion的意思选
Choose C 错了！！答案选D

1) 计时：39s
2) 逻辑链
Background Information:
If a poor corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures rise; if a bountiful corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures fall.
Premise:
This morning meteorologists are predicting much-needed rain for the corn-growing region starting tomorrow.
Conclusion:
Since adequate moisture is essential for the current crop's survival, prices of corn futures will fall sharply today.
3) 推测：
找出Crop不会bountiful harvest的原因，比如rain太猛烈，不adequate
Choose D

览物之情

10月15日
1 29S
Background :The number of airplanes equipped with a new anticollision device has increased steadily during the past two years. During the same period, it has become
increasingly common for key information about an airplane’s altitude and speed to disappear suddenly from air traffic controllers’ screens.

Premise The new anticollision device, which operates at the same frequency as air traffic radar
Conclusion: therefore responsiblefor the sudden disappearance of key information.

Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
P 相关因果what other factor can lead to the disappear of key information D
(A)        The new anticollision device has alreadyprevented a considerable number of mid-air
collisions.______irrelevant
(B) It was not until the new anticollision device was introduced that key information first
began disappearing suddenly from controllers’ screens.-----suppoet
(C) The new anticollision device is scheduled to be moved to a different frequency within the next two to three months.-----irrelevant
(D) Key information began disappearing from controllers’ screens three months before the
new anticollision device was first tested.------correct说明因果联系问题
(E) The sudden disappearance of key information from controllers’ screens has occurred only at relatively large airports.-------irrelevant不能说明不是这种设备的影响

2 28s  must be true
Premise: When a polygraph test is judged inconclusive, this is no reflection on the examinee.  
Additional premise:Rather, such a judgment means that the test has failed to show whether the examinee was truthful or untruthful.  Nevertheless, employers will sometimes refuse to hire a job applicant because of an inconclusive polygraph test result.

Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn from the information above?
A)        Most examinees with inconclusive polygraph test results are in fact untruthful._____NM
(B) Polygraph tests should not be used by employers in the consideration of job applicants._____NM
(C) An inconclusive polygraph test result is sometimes unfairly held against the examinee.____correct
(D) A polygraph test indicating that an examinee is untruthful can sometimes be mistaken._______might fail to show就是不能judge truthful or untruthful
(E) Some employers have refused to consider the results of polygraph tests when evaluating job applicants._____NM

3 30s
Background:Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers.  
Premise: Basing their judgment on the fact that different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles.
Conclusion: bowerbirds' building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait.

Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by the researchers?证明因果联系的evidence


(A) There are more common characteristics than there are differences among the bowerbuilding styles of the local bowerbird population that has been studied most extensively.------weaken
(B) Young male bowerbirds are inept at bowerbuilding and apparently spend years watching their elders before becoming accomplished in the local bower style._____correct
(C) The bowers of one species of bowerbird lack the towers and ornamentation characteristic of the bowers of most other species of bowerbird.----too narrow
(D) Bowerbirds are found only in New Guinea and Australia, where local populations of the birds apparently seldom have contact with one another.----irrelevant
(E) It is well known that the song dialects of some songbirds are learned rather than transmitted genetically.----irrelevant讲了另外一件事

4 40s
Background:According to the Tristate Transportation Authority, making certain improvements to the main commuter rail line would increase ridership dramatically.  
Plan: The authority plans to finance these improvements over the course of five years by raising automobile tolls on the two highway bridges along the route the rail line serves.  
Conclusion: he authority's plan for securing the necessary funds should be rejected because it would unfairly force drivers to absorb the entire cost of something from which they receive no benefit.

P weaken the plan so any said effect?
(A) Before the authority increases tolls on any of the area bridges, it is required by law to hold public hearings at which objections to the proposed increase can be raised.-----irrelevant
(B) Whenever bridge tolls are increased, the authority must pay a private contractor to adjust the automated toll-collecting machines.----irrelevant
(C) Between the time a proposed toll increase is announced and the time the increase is actually put into effect, many commuters buy more tokens than usual to postpone the effects of the increase.----irrelevant
(D) When tolls were last increased on the two bridges in question, almost 20 percent of the regular commuter traffic switched to a slightly longer alternative route that has since been improved.------correct
(E) The chairman of the authority is a member of the Tristate Automobile Club that has registered strong opposition to the proposed toll increase.----irrelevant

CD 有疑问

5 29s
Background :Crops can be traded on the futures market before they are harvested.  
Premise1:If a poor corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures rise; if a bountiful corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures fall.
Premise2 This morning meteorologists are predicting much-needed rain for the corn-growing region starting tomorrow.  
Conclusion:Therefore, since adequate moisture is essential for the current crop's survival, prices of corn futures will fall sharply today.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above? P not enough to make sharply drop.相关因果

(A) Corn that does not receive adequate moisture during its critical pollination stage will not produce a bountiful harvest.
(B) Futures prices for corn have been fluctuating more dramatically this season than last season.-----irrelevant
(C) The rain that meteorologists predicted for tomorrow is expected to extend well beyond the corn-growing region.
(D) Agriculture experts announced today that a disease that has devastated some of the corn crop will spread widely before the end of the growing season.----correct other factor
(E) Most people who trade in corn futures rarely take physical possession of the corn they trade.-----irrelevant
比较AC，D的weaken最直接

w.melhere

  今天的都做对了~  虽然第四题完全没懂逻辑链...

  1.30‘
  2.20’
  3.24‘  2、3两题都做过啦
  4.51’
    政府想要通过向highway收费来为rail筹集资金。而rail资金用于改善其条件，提高ridership。后面那句unfairly应该是对前文的削弱，但看下来觉得没什么作用，像是用来迷惑人的...汗
    D选项正确。因为收费后会有20%的人选择绕开收费道路，使这个计划的有效性被削弱了。
    C只是说了延期，并没有真正说到是否能实现计划。

   （这也理顺一下发现这道题完全没有曲折啊...就是题目有点绕而已~）
  5.37‘

yuehuasunday

1-14

1.

Background: The number of airplanes equipped with a new
anticollision device has increased steadily during the
past two years.

Premise: During the same period, it has become
increasingly common for key information about an
airplane’s altitude and speed to disappear suddenly
from air traffic controllers’ screens.

Conclusion: The new
anticollision device, which operates at the same
frequency as air traffic radar, is therefore responsible
for the sudden disappearance of key information.

(D) Correct, weaken the argument by providing evidence

2.

Background: When a polygraph test is judged inconclusive, this is no reflection on the examinee.


Premise: Rather, such a judgment means that the test has failed to show whether the examinee was truthful or untruthful.


Conclusion: employers will sometimes refuse to hire a job applicant because of an
inconclusive polygraph test result.


© Correct

3.

Background: Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers.

Premise: Basing their judgment on the fact that different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles

Conclusion: researchers have concluded that the bowerbirds' building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait.

(B) Correct

4.

Background: According to the Tristate Transportation Authority, making certain improvements to the main commuter rail line would increase ridership dramatically.

Premise: The authority plans to finance these improvements over the course of five years by raising automobile tolls on the two highway bridges along the route the rail line serves.

Conclusion: Although the proposed improvements are indeed needed, the authority's plan for securing the necessary funds should be rejected because it would unfairly force drivers to absorb the entire cost of something from which they receive no benefit.

(D) Correct

5.

Background: Crops can be traded on the futures market before they are harvested.  


Premise: If a poor corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures rise; if a bountiful corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures fall.


Conclusion: This morning meteorologists are predicting much-needed rain for the corn-growing region starting tomorrow.  Therefore, since adequate moisture is essential for the current crop's survival, prices of corn futures will fall sharply today.


(D) Correct

irenetopia

【精练】57s
1. The number of airplanes equipped with a new
anticollision device has increased steadily during the
past two years. During the same period, it has become
increasingly common for key information about an
airplane’s altitude and speed to disappear suddenly
from air traffic controllers’ screens. The new
anticollision device, which operates at the same
frequency as air traffic radar, is therefore responsible
for the sudden disappearance of key information.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument?
逻辑链：装了新的anticollision divice 的同时期，发生了air traffic
device和traffic的发生频率相同，所以是device引起了traffic
问削弱：选项认为两者无关，比如有因无果，有果无因

(A) The new anticollision device has already
prevented a considerable number of mid-air
collisions.——不相关
(B) It was not until the new anticollision device
was introduced that key information first
began disappearing suddenly from controllers’ screens.——support
(C) The new anticollision device is scheduled to be
moved to a different frequency within the
next two to three months.——说道next 无关
(D) Key information began disappearing from
controllers’ screens three months before the
new anticollision device was first tested.——bingo！有果无因！
(E) The sudden disappearance of key information
from controllers’ screens has occurred only at
relatively large airports.——无关


【PREP 训练】

53.   43S
When a polygraph test is judged inconclusive, this is no reflection on the examinee.  Rather, such a judgment means that the test has failed to show whether the examinee was truthful or untruthful.  Nevertheless, employers will sometimes refuse to hire a job applicant because of an inconclusive polygraph test result.

Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn from the information above?
逻辑链：测谎仪结果不准——但是雇主通常会因为测谎仪的结果来拒绝工作申请
问conclusion：就是可能雇主会犯错

(A) Most examinees with inconclusive polygraph test results are in fact untruthful.——谁说most，排除
(B) Polygraph tests should not be used by employers in the consideration of job applicants.——generate了，排除
(C) An inconclusive polygraph test result is sometimes unfairly held against the examinee.——不是polygraph unfair，其实是employer unfair
(D) A polygraph test indicating that an examinee is untruthful can sometimes be mistaken.——bingo！
(E) Some employers have refused to consider the results of polygraph tests when evaluating job applicants.——反了，跟结论反了

54.   40S
Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers.  Basing their judgment on the fact that different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles, researchers have concluded that the bowerbirds' building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait.

Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by the researchers?
逻辑链：B鸟搭房子——不同地区同种的鸟搭房子风格不同——因此研究人员认为是因为文化差异而不是基因
问加强：找到能含有文化影响搭房子风格的选项，或者削弱了基因无作用的选项

(A) There are more common characteristics than there are differences among the bowerbuilding styles of the local bowerbird population that has been studied most extensively.——weaken了吧
(B) Young male bowerbirds are inept at bowerbuilding and apparently spend years watching their elders before becoming accomplished in the local bower style.——bingo！说明是文化影响
(C) The bowers of one species of bowerbird lack the towers and ornamentation characteristic of the bowers of most other species of bowerbird.——不相关
(D) Bowerbirds are found only in New Guinea and Australia, where local populations of the birds apparently seldom have contact with one another.——weaken了
(E) It is well known that the song dialects of some songbirds are learned rather than transmitted genetically.——排除，song dialect是神马！

55.    1:12
According to the Tristate Transportation Authority, making certain improvements to the main commuter rail line would increase ridership dramatically.  The authority plans to finance these improvements over the course of five years by raising automobile tolls on the two highway bridges along the route the rail line serves.  Although the proposed improvements are indeed needed, the authority's plan for securing the necessary funds should be rejected because it would unfairly force drivers to absorb the entire cost of something from which they receive no benefit.

Which of the following, if true, would cast the most doubt on the effectiveness of the authority's plan to finance the proposed improvements by increasing bridge tolls?
逻辑链：政府要修路，要通过增加高速通道收费的钱来集资
这个集资plan会被拒绝因为机子的auto司机得不到任何好处
问support：思路，一定是加强了集资失败这个结果

(A) Before the authority increases tolls on any of the area bridges, it is required by law to hold public hearings at which objections to the proposed increase can be raised.——通过法律来挟制公众的反对意见？pass
(B) Whenever bridge tolls are increased, the authority must pay a private contractor to adjust the automated toll-collecting machines.——说的跟集资无关，排除
(C) Between the time a proposed toll increase is announced and the time the increase is actually put into effect, many commuters buy more tokens than usual to postpone the effects of the increase.——说的是已经开始运行的事情了，现在才开始集资，排除
(D) When tolls were last increased on the two bridges in question, almost 20 percent of the regular commuter traffic switched to a slightly longer alternative route that has since been improved.——bingo！不走高速通道了，加收费用也没用哟
(E) The chairman of the authority is a member of the Tristate Automobile Club that has registered strong opposition to the proposed toll increase.——反对流量不会影响

56.    31S
Crops can be traded on the futures market before they are harvested.  If a poor corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures rise; if a bountiful corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures fall.  This morning meteorologists are predicting much-needed rain for the corn-growing region starting tomorrow.  Therefore, since adequate moisture is essential for the current crop's survival, prices of corn futures will fall sharply today.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above?
逻辑链：玉米收成可以被预期
预期收的少——价格就高；预期收得多——价格就低
下雨了，对玉米收成有帮助
所以玉米价格要下降
问削弱：按一开始的逻辑，是要下降，除非出现一个改变rain带来的可能丰收的因素

(A) Corn that does not receive adequate moisture during its critical pollination stage will not produce a bountiful harvest.——这个是预期以后的事了，不管有没有得到丰收，预期影响结果
(B) Futures prices for corn have been fluctuating more dramatically this season than last season.——无关
(C) The rain that meteorologists predicted for tomorrow is expected to extend well beyond the corn-growing region.——support了
(D) Agriculture experts announced today that a disease that has devastated some of the corn crop will spread widely before the end of the growing season.——bingo！同样是预期！削弱！
(E) Most people who trade in corn futures rarely take physical possession of the corn they trade.——无关

cyndichiang

精练题：37‘’
premise:The number of airplanes equipped with a new anticollision device has increased steadily during the
past two years
premise: at the same time, some key information disappeared suddenly.
conclusion: anticollision device is responsible for this disappearance.
Q:Weaken;
prephrase: at the same time, other factors happened during the last 2 years that can influence the key information.
选项分析：
(A) The new anticollision device has already
prevented a considerable number of mid-air
collisions.-------irrelevant, this statement has nothing to do with the disappearance of the key information
(B) It was not until the new anticollision device
was introduced that key information first
began disappearing suddenly from
controllers’ screens.------opposite;this statement actually strengthen the argument because the coincidence.
(C) The new anticollision device is scheduled to be
moved to a different frequency within the
next two to three months.--------irrelevant; this statement talks about sth happen in the future and doesn't account for the disappearance of the key information
(D) Key information began disappearing from
controllers’ screens three months before the
new anticollision device was first tested.----correct; this statement shows the time gap between the two events ,thus leaving other possibilities to account for the disappearance.
(E) The sudden disappearance of key information
from controllers’ screens has occurred only at
relatively large airports.--------this statement may slightly weaken the conclusion because some reasons about the size may lead to the disappearance. But, the argument doesn't show sth about the size so this statement is irrelevant.

逻辑链：
1.25‘’
premise: employers will sometimes refuse to hire a job applicant because of an inconclusive polygraph test result
Conclusion:???
Q: must be true
prephrase: P test is not a good indicator

2.26''
premise: different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles
conclusion: bowerbirds' building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait.
Q: support
prephrase: the bird can't build bowers themselves without learning


3.1'
premise:raising automobile tolls would unfairly force drivers to absorb the entire cost of something from which they receive no benefit.
conclusion: this proposal should be rejected
Q:Weaken
prephrase: if these drivers actually don't pay for the toll?


4.51''
premise: if corn production are predicted high, the price of corns  will drop
premise: much-needed rain for the corn-growing region starts tomorrow and adequate moisture is essential for the current crop's survival
conclusion: the price of the corn will drop sharply today
Q:Weaken
Prephrase: even though the moisture is predicted,  it still far from enough for the high production.
      at the same time ,sth bad for the production is predicted today

simonleo

1.
Time:27s
P:new anticollision device equipped
key information disappear
C:device is responsible for disappearance of key information
Pre:C-->device-->information disappear
削弱：他因
C发生时，E不发生
E发生时，C没有发生
E-->C
数据
(A) The new anticollision device has already
prevented a considerable number of mid-air
collisions.无关
(B) It was not until the new anticollision device
was introduced that key information first
began disappearing suddenly from
controllers’ screens.加强
(C) The new anticollision device is scheduled to be
moved to a different frequency within the
next two to three months. 无关
(D) Key information began disappearing from
controllers’ screens three months before the
new anticollision device was first tested. 正解 E发生时，C没有发生还
(E) The sudden disappearance of key information
from controllers’ screens has occurred only at
relatively large airports.无关
1. D
2. 23s C
3. 55s B
4. 1:11 D
5. 40s D