【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-14】

我心匪席

Time: 28”
Background Information: Airplanes equipped with a anti-collision device. During the same period, information about airplanes disappears on controllers’ screen.
Premise: Anti-collision device works on the same frequency as traffic radar.
Conclusion: Anti-collision device takes the responsible for the sudden disappearance of key information.
Prephase: Such scientists cannot do important new research work.
A-----irrelevant
B-----irrelevant
C-----irrelevant
D-----right weaken
E-----irrelevant
==============================================

Time: 27”
Premise: There is no reflection on the examinee, if a polygraph test is judged inconclusive. Such a judgment means no conclusion.
Conclusion: Employers will refuse to hire a job applicant because of an inclusive polygraph test result.
A-----irrelevant
B-----irrelevant
C-----right
D-----irrelevant
E-----irrelevant
=============================================

Time: 24”
Background Information: Male bowerbirds construct nests.
Premise: Different bowerbirds exhibit different building styles.
Conclusion: Building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted trait.
Prephase: Confirm the fact that building styles are a culturally acquired.
A-----irrelevant
B-----right support
C-----irrelevant
D-----irrelevant
E-----irrelevant
===============================================

Time: 47”
Background Information: Male Improve main commuter rail line would increase ridership. Higher tolls will be charged on two highway bridges to finance these improvements.
Premise: Higher toll will force drivers to absorb the entire cost of something from which they receive no benefit.
Conclusion: The plan will be rejected.
Prephase: Confirm the fact that building styles are a culturally acquired.
A-----irrelevant
B-----irrelevant
C-----irrelevant
D-----right weaken
E-----irrelevant
=================================================

Time: 24”
Background Information: Poor corn harvest cause rise in future prices of corn. Bountiful corn harvest cause fall in future prices of corn.
Premise: Needed rain will befall corn growing region tomorrow.
Conclusion: Prices of corn will fall sharply today.
Prephase: Pest will destroy the cron.
A-----support
B-----irrelevant
C-----support
D-----right weaken
E-----irrelevant

ElenW

54(29'9)
Bg:Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers
pre:different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles
con: researchers have concluded that the bowerbirds' building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait.
(strengthen)
Pre:The researcher can find the same style in the same place on other specise birds
Ans:C---correct answer is B
A--WEAKEN
C-NOT sufficient????有木有哪位好心人看到这个请分析一下这个答案好吗~~~~3Q油~~~~
D-irrelveant
E-no impact
啊糟糕!!!我刷新了一遍 都没有了前面做的!!!!!!!!啊!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!我无语了!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

srafcatt

精炼题
25s  weaken
the number of the plane with anti-collision increases
while key information will disappear constantly because of that device
weaken by me:the device always functions not just on the air traffic moment,so
if the data only disappear on that moment,it is not the device's fault.
choice:B
A irrelevant,the subject is the data and the device.
B correct,it says the plane without the device has the same problems.
C strenghten
D irrelevant
E irrelevant
逻辑链：
1.conclusion 15s
a test sometimes will be inconclusive,not examinee's fault
while employers sometimes not hire them
my conclusion: the examinee's honesty is important and cannot be easily known.
choice:C
A not true
B opposite to the question stem
C correct
D not mentioned
E not true
2.strenghten 24s
different population--different bird nests--style culturally acquired
strenghten by me: a young bowerbird cannot build a nest
choice:B

3.weaken 43s
authority plans to raise certain tax to finance commuter rail line
an opposite opinion:the drivers should not pay for this
weaken by me:maybe the project won't allow ..to do.
choice:E
A irrelevant
B irrelevant
C strenghten
D strenghten
E correct
4.weaken 27s
since rain falls--price fall sharply
weaken by me:maybe the insect that feed on corn become more.
choice
A irrelevant
B strenghten
C strenghten
D correct
E irrelevant

srafcatt

精炼和逻辑链第3个错误，这次的错误原因是：理解错误。两道题均是。我觉得我复习顺序安排错了。

zxppx

1.

The number of airplanes equipped with a new
anticollision device has increased steadily during the
past two years. During the same period, it has become
increasingly common for key information about an
airplane’s altitude and speed to disappear suddenly
from air traffic controllers’ screens. The new
anticollision device, which operates at the same
frequency as air traffic radar, is therefore responsible
for the sudden disappearance of key information.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument?

(A) The new anticollision device has already
prevented a considerable number of mid-air
collisions.

Even though it has some advantage, it still may be responsible for the sudden disappearance of key information.
(B) It was not until the new anticollision device
was introduced that key information first
began disappearing suddenly from
controllers’ screens.

Yes, this choice points out that before the new anticollision device was introduced, the key information had begun disappearing. BA

In fact, I mistake the meaning of the answer. It is the opposite answer, strengthening the argument, rather than weakening.

The meaning is:

Key information did not first begin disappearing suddenly from controllers’ screens, until the new anticollision device was introduced.

Or

Key information first began disappearing suddenly from controllers’ screens, when the new anticollision device was introduced.
(C) The new anticollision device is scheduled to be
moved to a different frequency within the
next two to three months.

The future plan about the new anticollision device is irrelevant.
(D) Key information began disappearing from
controllers’ screens three months before the
new anticollision device was first tested.

At first glance, it seems to be contender. But please note that it refers that before the new anticollision device was first tested, rather than equipped.

It is the right answer.
(E) The sudden disappearance of key information
from controllers’ screens has occurred only at
relatively large airports.

Because large airports may have equipped this new anticollision device, the answer choice does not weaken the argument.





55. (34557-!-item-!-188;#058&007575)
According to the Tristate Transportation Authority, making certain improvements to the main commuter rail line would increase ridership dramatically. The authority plans to finance these improvements over the course of five years by raising automobile tolls on the two highway bridges along the route the rail line serves. Although the proposed improvements are indeed needed, the authority's plan for securing the necessary funds should be rejected because it would unfairly force drivers to absorb the entire cost of something from which they receive no benefit.
Which of the following, if true, would cast the most doubt on the effectiveness of the authority's plan to finance the proposed improvements by increasing bridge tolls?
(A) Before the authority increases tolls on any of the area bridges, it is required by law to hold public hearings at which objections to the proposed increase can be raised.

Even though the objections can be raised in the hearings, it does not make sure the plan will be canceled.
(B) Whenever bridge tolls are increased, the authority must pay a private contractor to adjust the automated toll-collecting machines.

The private contractor cannot weaken the argument, if it is acceptable.
(C) Between the time a proposed toll increase is announced and the time the increase is actually put into effect, many commuters buy more tokens than usual to postpone the effects of the increase.

Even though drivers can postpone the effects, it does not make sure that the plan can be canceled. However, it seems like a contender.
(D) When tolls were last increased on the two bridges in question, almost 20 percent of the regular commuter traffic switched to a slightly longer alternative route that has since been improved.

Yes, if drivers chose another route, the plan would be highly weakened. BA

Please note that the first sentence reveals that making improvement to the main commuter rail line would increase ridership dramatically.Actually, the ridership decreases.
(E) The chairman of the authority is a member of the Tristate Automobile Club that has registered strong opposition to the proposed toll increase.

Only the chairman can not weaken the plan.



56. (34605-!-item-!-188;#058&007579)
Crops can be traded on the futures market before they are harvested. If a poor corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures rise; if a bountiful corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures fall. This morning meteorologists are predicting much-needed rain for the corn-growing region starting tomorrow. Therefore, since adequate moisture is essential for the current crop's survival, prices of corn futures will fall sharply today.
Which of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above?
(A) Corn that does not receive adequate moisture during its critical pollination stage will not produce a bountiful harvest.

The argument has pointed out that a much-needed rain will come tomorrow.
(B) Futures prices for corn have been fluctuating more dramatically this season than last season.

It cannot weaken the argument.
(C) The rain that meteorologists predicted for tomorrow is expected to extend well beyond the corn-growing region.

The same to B.
(D) Agriculture experts announced today that a disease that has devastated some of the corn crop will spread widely before the end of the growing season.

Yes, this is an alternative cause that can increase the price of corn. BA
(E) Most people who trade in corn futures rarely take physical possession of the corn they trade.

It is outside the scope of the argument.

pennyz

1:31s
dweaken
phenomenon:new anticollision device increase rapidly
          plane often disappear from the screen
conclusion: it is the new device should be responsible for that
rephrase:maybe there is some other new factor that influence the disappearance
(A) The new anticollision device has already
prevented a considerable number of mid-air
collisions.-----out of scoupe
(B) It was not until the new anticollision device
was introduced that key information first
began disappearing suddenly from
controllers’ screens.-------strengthen
(C) The new anticollision device is scheduled to be
moved to a different frequency within the
next two to three months.------irrelevant
(D) Key information began disappearing from
controllers’ screens three months before the
new anticollision device was first tested.----weaken,the problem occur before the installment
(E) The sudden disappearance of key information
from controllers’ screens has occurred only at
relatively large airports.-----irrelevant

pennyz

1:28s
conclusion
c
premise:when p is inclusive, can not say truthful or not
      but, s employer refuse to inclusive p
conclusion: it is unfair
          p is important to employee

(A) Most examinees with inconclusive polygraph test results are in fact untruthful.-----irrelevant
(B) Polygraph tests should not be used by employers in the consideration of job applicants.----irrelevant
(C) An inconclusive polygraph test result is sometimes unfairly held against the examinee.-----correct
(D) A polygraph test indicating that an examinee is untruthful can sometimes be mistaken.----- irrelevant
(E) Some employers have refused to consider the results of polygraph tests when evaluating job applicants.
------irrelevant
1:26s strengthen
b
premise: cage bird same species ,but build different kinds of cages in the same area
conclusion: learn caging from culture not genetical skills
rephrase: it really has learning process
2:53s
b
toll to increase bridge tolls
can't understand

1:48s weaken
c
background:the price of crop in the future market
          no harvest ,price+
          harvest,price-
premise:need mositure now
      rain tommorrow----->price fall
rephrase:may be too much rain

CD用户825193

1. The number of airplanes equipped with a new
anticollision device has increased steadily during the
past two years. During the same period, it has become
increasingly common for key information about an
airplane’s altitude and speed to disappear suddenly
from air traffic controllers’ screens. The new
anticollision device, which operates at the same
frequency as air traffic radar, is therefore responsible
for the sudden disappearance of key information.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument?
30" (Weak)
P: A new anticollision device has been recently installed with most airplanes.
P: During the same period some key info of the plane's altittude and speed disappear on the controller's screen.P: The device has the same frequencey with the radar.
C: The device is responsible for  the key info missing.
Pre: The redar is not responsible for the altitude and speed info.
   Some other possible reason influence the radar or directly to the key info.

Answers:(A) The new anticollision device has already
prevented a considerable number of mid-air
collisions.
   No missing info mentioned, irrelevant.

(B) It was not until the new anticollision device
was introduced that key information first
began disappearing suddenly from
controllers’ screens.
   Kinda support.

(C) The new anticollision device is scheduled to be
moved to a different frequency within the
next two to three months.
   Irrelevant.

(D) Key information began disappearing from
controllers’ screens three months before the
new anticollision device was first tested.
   CORRECT: info started missing b4 the device was first installed.
(Didn't pre this reason...)

(E) The sudden disappearance of key information
from controllers’ screens has occurred only at
relatively large airports.

   Even only at some airports, it's still possible it's because of the new device.


53.  
When a polygraph test is judged inconclusive, this is no reflection on the examinee.  Rather, such a judgment means that the test has failed to show whether the examinee was truthful or untruthful.  Nevertheless, employers will sometimes refuse to hire a job applicant because of an inconclusive polygraph test result.

Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn from the information above?
27" (Conclusion)
P: An inconclusive result of a polygraph test: failed, without no useful info of the examinee.
P: Interviewers still wouldn't hire examinees with such test results.
C: Interviewers could make wrong decisions based on the inconclusive test result.
Pre:

Answers:
(A) Most examinees with inconclusive polygraph test results are in fact untruthful.
(B) Polygraph tests should not be used by employers in the consideration of job applicants.
(C) An inconclusive polygraph test result is sometimes unfairly held against the examinee.
   CORRECT
(D) A polygraph test indicating that an examinee is untruthful can sometimes be mistaken.
(E) Some employers have refused to consider the results of polygraph tests when evaluating job applicants.


54.
Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers.  Basing their judgment on the fact that different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles, researchers have concluded that the bowerbirds' building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait.

Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by the researchers?

33" (Support)
P: Adult bird decorates the nest, and birds from difference area do it in defferent ways
P:
C: Skills of the nest decoration is culturally heritaged rather than genetically.
Pre: baby birds don't know how to do it.
   adult birds didn't grow up with parents don't know how to do it.

Answers:
(A) There are more common characteristics than there are differences among the bowerbuilding styles of the local bowerbird population that has been studied most extensively.
(B) Young male bowerbirds are inept at bowerbuilding and apparently spend years watching their elders before becoming accomplished in the local bower style.
   CORRECT
(C) The bowers of one species of bowerbird lack the towers and ornamentation characteristic of the bowers of most other species of bowerbird.
(D) Bowerbirds are found only in New Guinea and Australia, where local populations of the birds apparently seldom have contact with one another.
(E) It is well known that the song dialects of some songbirds are learned rather than transmitted genetically.



55.
According to the Tristate Transportation Authority, making certain improvements to the main commuter rail line would increase ridership dramatically.  The authority plans to finance these improvements over the course of five years by raising automobile tolls on the two highway bridges along the route the rail line serves.  Although the proposed improvements are indeed needed, the authority's plan for securing the necessary funds should be rejected because it would unfairly force drivers to absorb the entire cost of something from which they receive no benefit.

Which of the following, if true, would cast the most doubt on the effectiveness of the authority's plan to finance the proposed improvements by increasing bridge tolls?
59" (Weak)
P: improve the condition of the traffice line will attract more riders.
P: a proposed plan is about to finance the bridge by charging riders more fee to pass it.
P: charging more is unfair to the riders
C: the plan should be postponed
Pre: riders using the bridge will save cost of petrol and time

Answers:
(A) Before the authority increases tolls on any of the area bridges, it is required by law to hold public hearings at which objections to the proposed increase can be raised.
(B) Whenever bridge tolls are increased, the authority must pay a private contractor to adjust the automated toll-collecting machines.
(C) Between the time a proposed toll increase is announced and the time the increase is actually put into effect, many commuters buy more tokens than usual to postpone the effects of the increase.
   CORRECT
(D) When tolls were last increased on the two bridges in question, almost 20 percent of the regular commuter traffic switched to a slightly longer alternative route that has since been improved.    CORRECT: commuters changed to improved route which is slightly longer than thier previous choice.
(E) The chairman of the authority is a member of the Tristate Automobile Club that has registered strong opposition to the proposed toll increase.


56.  
Crops can be traded on the futures market before they are harvested.  If a poor corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures rise; if a bountiful corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures fall.  This morning meteorologists are predicting much-needed rain for the corn-growing region starting tomorrow.  Therefore, since adequate moisture is essential for the current crop's survival, prices of corn futures will fall sharply today.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above?
" (Weak / Support)
P: Harvest influence the crops prices in the future market.
P: A rain for corn's better harvest has been predicted.
C: Price of corn will fall sharp in the future market.
Pre: It's just as usual years, so the price won't change.
   There's also something negative to the corn's harvest happening along with the rain.

Answers:
(A) Corn that does not receive adequate moisture during its critical pollination stage will not produce a bountiful harvest.
(B) Futures prices for corn have been fluctuating more dramatically this season than last season.
(C) The rain that meteorologists predicted for tomorrow is expected to extend well beyond the corn-growing region.
(D) Agriculture experts announced today that a disease that has devastated some of the corn crop will spread widely before the end of the growing season.
   CORRECT.
(E) Most people who trade in corn futures rarely take physical possession of the corn they trade.

Feelalive

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Extremo

每天都要坚持！