【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-14】

winghyy

逻辑链~
53. 40s-infer
when a polygraph test is inconclusive, there is no reflection on the examinee. However, empolyers will reject a job applicant because of an inconclusive polygraph test.
选C

54. 45s-strengthen
Different local bowerbirds of same species construct bowers of different styles. Researchers have concluded that their building style are cultrally acquired, not genetically trasmitted.
Prephase: Baby male birds don't know how to build bower.
选B

55. 65s-weaken
The authority plans to finance the improvements to the main commuter rail line, because the improvment would increase ridership. Although the improvements are needed, the cost of the improvements should not be absorbed by the drivers who receive no benefit.
Prephase: Because of the toll, drives will choose another way.
选D

56. 55s-weaken
Crops can be sold on the future markets before they are harvest . If a poor harvest is predicted, the price will rise.  This morning it is predicted that much-needed rain will start tomorrow.  Therefore, the price of crop will drop because of the adequate moistrue.
Prephase: too much rain will lead to a poor harvest.
选D

ugly5552000

1/Background: a new anticollision has been installed on a number of airplanes for two years, in the same period, the problem that airplanes’ key information suddenly disappears from the controllers’ screen occurred increasingly frequently.
Premise: since the air traffic radar works at the same frequency as the anticollision device, the anticollison device is therefore responsible for the sudden disappearance of key information.
Prephrase: the sudden disappearance of key information often happens when planes come across storm or fly through the thick cloud.
D
A: no impact on the argument
B: support the argument
C: irrelevant
D:the effect has existed before the supposed cause occurs. The sudden disappearance of key information has occurred before the installation of the anticollision device, so the answer choice attacks the argument.
E: the argument has not referred to any information about the size of airports.
2/Background: an inconclusive polygraph test has no reflection on the examinee, because the test has failed to show whether the examinee was truthful or untruthful.
Premise: employers will sometimes refuse to hire a job applicant with an inconclusive polygraph test result.
Prephrase: the employers think that to a truthful applicant, the polygraph test result might be inconclusive, while to an untruthful applicant, the test result must be inconclusive.
C
A: the answer choice cannot explain why only some examinees were refused because of an inconclusive polygraph test result.
B: irrelevant
C: because some examinees were refused by the inconclusive test result which is even ineffective, the test results were probably used unfairly.
D: if it true, there is no reason to refuse examinees because of the results
E: irrelevant
3/Background: male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests.
Premise: researchers concludes that the bowerbird’s building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted.
Prephrase: the male bowerbirds which live alone since they were born are unable to construct decorated nests.
B
A: cannot support the conclusion
B: the answer choice shows that the young male bowerbirds are inept at bowerbuilding, they must learn the skill from the elders before they construct their own nests, it supports the building styles are acquired, not innate.
C: irrelevant
D: irrelevant
E: irrelevant
4/Background: the government plans to make certain improvements to the main commuter rail line, and to finance the improvements by raising automobile tolls on the two highway bridges along the route the rail line serves
Premise: because the drivers who use the highway bridges would not benefit from the improvements, it is unfair to force them to pay for the project, the plan should be rejected.
Prephrase: if the toll rises, most drivers will switch their way to evade the highway bridge.
D
A: the public hearing might accept the proposal
B: a private contractor will not cost much
C: even the rising toll is protested, it does not mean it will not be effective.
D: a large proportion of drivers has switched their way, then the raised toll is unable to finance the improvements
E: he is not the man who makes the final decision
5/Background: whether crops can harvest makes a direct influence to their price on the future market.
Premise: it is forecasted that much-needed rain is coming to the corn-growing region, so the process of corn futures will fall sharply.
Prephrase: the rain is forecasted to last for two or three days, which is not enough to guarantee the harvest.
D
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: it supports the argument
D: the disease determines the harvest is impossible, even there will be adequate moisture
E: irrelevant

balapupu

1.[25s]
P: The number of one device put on the airplane is increasing-? the key information of the plan become more and more often to lost-?C: the new device is operate at the same frequency as the radar, therefore, the new device is responsible for the disappearing information.
Weaken: the planes lost the key information are most those without the new device
A:
(A) The new anticollision device has already
prevented a considerable number of mid-air
collisions.-?irrelevant with the preventing collision
(B) It was not until the new anticollision device
was introduced that key information first
began disappearing suddenly from
controllers’ screens.-->support
(C) The new anticollision device is scheduled to be
moved to a different frequency within the
next two to three months.-->the passage already confirm the same frequency.
(D) Key information began disappearing from
controllers’ screens three months before the
new anticollision device was first tested.-->R
(E) The sudden disappearance of key information
from controllers’ screens has occurred only at
relatively large airports..-->irrelevant with the place.

zz42050524

精练 weaken  31s 因果型结论
A new device that has the same frequency with airplane radar began to use in airplane two years ago. The airplane frequently disappeared from the controlling system screen from two years ago.
The new device is responsible for the problem.
Pre: device 和problem没有必然联系——无device还是出现了problem
(A) The new anticollision device has already
prevented a considerable number of mid-air
collisions.         Irrelevant
(B) It was not until the new anticollision device
was introduced that key information first
began disappearing suddenly from
controllers’ screens.    Support
(C) The new anticollision device is scheduled to be
moved to a different frequency within the
next two to three months.      Irrelevant
(D) Key information began disappearing from
controllers’ screens three months before the
new anticollision device was first tested.   Weaken 无因有果
(E) The sudden disappearance of key information
from controllers’ screens has occurred only at
relatively large airports.     Irrelevant

逻辑链2. must be true 34s
A polygraph test is inconclusive because it sometimes has no reflection. The test cannot suggest the statement is truthful or untruthful. Some employers reject applicants because of the test .result
Pre;
选D，这道题不知道该怎么推。

3.  support 36s
The nests of blower bird are different. Researcher says that their ability is culturally gain rather than genetically transmitted.
Pre: Before the bird built nest, it has watched a lot.
B
4. weaken  50s
这道题感觉怪怪的
前提： 道路局提出一个方案来改变路况，提高通行量。说要从两条路上收费。
结论：然后又说这个方案是不合理的则。
Weaken点是plan wouldn’t achieve its goal
D ,不知道这个结论在这里有什么用

以后每天只做精练， 逻辑链先放放 重心放在阅读上

风无衣

【精炼1-14】
weaken_45s
background information:planes with anticollision device become popular during the past 2 years
premise:during the same period, the key information about the planes' altitude.etc becomes increasingly disappear from air traffic controllers’ screens.
the anticollision device works at the same frequency with air traffic rader.
conclusion:the anticollision device is responsible for the disappearance of the key information
(A) The new anticollision device has already
prevented a considerable number of mid-air
collisions.——irrelevant
(B) It was not until the new anticollision device
was introduced that key information first
began disappearing suddenly from
controllers’ screens.——support
(C) The new anticollision device is scheduled to be
moved to a different frequency within the
next two to three months.——the information about the next two to three months has no effect on this issue
(D) Key information began disappearing from
controllers’ screens three months before the
new anticollision device was first tested.——correct
(E) The sudden disappearance of key information
from controllers’ screens has occurred only at
relatively large airports.——has no effect on this issue

哟西~今天的比较简单~

fox0923

精练 weaken  31s 因果型结论
A new device that has the same frequency with airplane radar began to use in airplane two years ago. The airplane frequently disappeared from the controlling system screen from two years ago.
The new device is responsible for the problem.
Pre: device 和problem没有必然联系——无device还是出现了problem
(A) The new anticollision device has already
prevented a considerable number of mid-air
collisions.         Irrelevant
(B) It was not until the new anticollision device
was introduced that key information first
began disappearing suddenly from
controllers’ screens.    Support
(C) The new anticollision device is scheduled to be
moved to a different frequency within the
next two to three months.      Irrelevant
(D) Key information began disappearing from
controllers’ screens three months before the
new anticollision device was first tested.   Weaken 无因有果
(E) The sudden disappearance of key information
from controllers’ screens has occurred only at
relatively large airports.     Irrelevant

逻辑链2. must be true 34s
A polygraph test is inconclusive because it sometimes has no reflection. The test cannot suggest the statement is truthful or untruthful. Some employers reject applicants because of the test .result
Pre;
选D，这道题不知道该怎么推。

3.  support 36s
The nests of blower bird are different. Researcher says that their ability is culturally gain rather than genetically transmitted.
Pre: Before the bird built nest, it has watched a lot.
B
4. weaken  50s
这道题感觉怪怪的
前提： 道路局提出一个方案来改变路况，提高通行量。说要从两条路上收费。
结论：然后又说这个方案是不合理的则。
Weaken点是plan wouldn’t achieve its goal
D ,不知道这个结论在这里有什么用

以后每天只做精练， 逻辑链先放放 重心放在阅读上

-- by 会员 zz42050524 (2011/12/4 16:20:12)

zz，这道题目的premise是说一个新的计划就是要给那个roads旁边的highway收费长钱，那么就可以让驾驶者在improved road驾驶的多起来。但是conclusion反对这个意见，因为这样的话，就是对驾驶员的不公平对待，因为他们并不能从这个措施里得到任何好处。
问weaken，那就是要找出可以说明这项措施对驾驶员是公平的，他们也从中获利。

(A) Before the authority increases tolls on any of the area bridges,
it is required by law to hold public hearings at which objections to
the proposed increase can be raised.-------------------------------------这个措施是否经过公共听审是无关选项。
(B) Whenever bridge tolls are increased, the authority must pay
a private contractor to adjust the automated toll-collecting
machines.---------------------------------------------------------------------官方是否付钱给contractor也属于无关选项。
(C) Between the time a proposed toll increase is announced
and the time the increase is actually put into effect, many
commuters buy more tokens than usual to postpone the
effects of the increase.-----------------------------------------------------这一点说明人们为了可以延长toll fee增长所以买更多的代币。这就是在support conclusion，证明人们并没有从中获益。
(D) When tolls were last increased on the two bridges in
question, almost 20 percent of the regular commuter traffic
switched to a slightly longer alternative route that has since
been improved.---------------------------------------------------------------在收了费以后，有20%的人转向那个improved road那边去开车了。这就是weaken conclusion了，证明措施有效了。
(E) The chairman of the authority is a member of the Tristate
Automobile Club that has registered strong opposition to the
proposed toll increase.------------------------------------------------------chairman是谁跟我们讨论的措施无关。

mahaofei001

bible上的讲解好细致啊……今天头回溜了一眼逻辑链的讲解……

balapupu

1.background information:The number of airplanes equipped with a new anticollision device has increased steadily during the past two years. During the same period, it has become increasingly common for key information about an airplane’s altitude and speed to disappear suddenly from air traffic controllers’ screens. premise: The new anticollision device operates at the same frequency as air traffic radar
conclusion:The new anticollision device is therefore responsible for the sudden disappearance of key information.
???
(A) The new anticollision device has already prevented a considerable number of mid-air collisions.
--irrelevant
(B) It was not until the new anticollision device was introduced that key information first began disappearing suddenly from controllers’ screens.
--support
(C) The new anticollision device is scheduled to be moved to a different frequency within the next two to three months.
--irrelevant
(D) Key information began disappearing from controllers’ screens three months before the new anticollision device was first tested.
--weaken--right
(E) The sudden disappearance of key information from controllers’ screens has occurred only at relatively large airports.
--irrelevant
2. background information:When a polygraph test is judged inconclusive, this is no reflection on the examinee. Rather, such a judgment means that the test has failed to show whether the examinee was truthful or untruthful.  
premise:employers will sometimes refuse to hire a job applicant because of an inconclusive polygraph test result.
conclusion:???
unfair to examinees with inconclusive polygraph
(A) Most examinees with inconclusive polygraph test results are in fact untruthful.
(B) Polygraph tests should not be used by employers in the consideration of job applicants.
(C) An inconclusive polygraph test result is sometimes unfairly held against the examinee.
--right
(D) A polygraph test indicating that an examinee is untruthful can sometimes be mistaken.
(E) Some employers have refused to consider the results of polygraph tests when evaluating job applicants.
3. background information:Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers.
premise: different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles
conclusion:researchers have concluded that the bowerbirds' building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait.
想不出来...
(A) There are more common characteristics than there are differences among the bowerbuilding styles of the local bowerbird population that has been studied most extensively.
--weaken
(B) Young male bowerbirds are inept at bowerbuilding and apparently spend years watching their elders before becoming accomplished in the local bower style.
--support--right
(C) The bowers of one species of bowerbird lack the towers and ornamentation characteristic of the bowers of most other species of bowerbird.
--???irrelevant?
(D) Bowerbirds are found only in New Guinea and Australia, where local populations of the birds apparently seldom have contact with one another.
--slightly strength?
(E) It is well known that the song dialects of some songbirds are learned rather than transmitted genetically.

--irrelevant
4. background information:According to the Tristate Transportation Authority, making certain improvements to the main commuter rail line would increase ridership dramatically.  The authority plans to finance these improvements over the course of five years by raising automobile tolls on the two highway bridges along the route the rail line serves. premise: it would unfairly force drivers to absorb the entire cost of something from which they receive no benefit.
conclusion:the authority's plan for securing the necessary funds should be rejected
concession: the proposed improvements are indeed needed
格外的猜不出来......
(A) Before the authority increases tolls on any of the area bridges, it is required by law to hold public hearings at which objections to the proposed increase can be raised.
--irrelevant, or slightly weaken
(B) Whenever bridge tolls are increased, the authority must pay a private contractor to adjust the automated toll-collecting machines.
--irrelevant
(C) Between the time a proposed toll increase is announced and the time the increase is actually put into effect, many commuters buy more tokens than usual to postpone the effects of the increase.
--weaken--right
(D) When tolls were last increased on the two bridges in question, almost 20 percent of the regular commuter traffic switched to a slightly longer alternative route that has since been improved.
--???看不懂--right
(E) The chairman of the authority is a member of the Tristate Automobile Club that has registered strong opposition to the proposed toll increase.
--irrelevant--the question is about the effectiveness of the plan
5.  
background information:Crops can be traded on the futures market before they are harvested.  If a poor corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures rise; if a bountiful corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures fall.
premise:This morning meteorologists are predicting much-needed rain for the corn-growing region starting tomorrow. + adequate moisture is essential for the current crop's survival

conclusion:prices of corn futures will fall sharply today
are markets so sensitive?
(A) Corn that does not receive adequate moisture during its critical pollination stage will not produce a bountiful harvest.
--irrelevant
(B) Futures prices for corn have been fluctuating more dramatically this season than last season.
--irrelevant
(C) The rain that meteorologists predicted for tomorrow is expected to extend well beyond the corn-growing region.
--irrelevant
(D) Agriculture experts announced today that a disease that has devastated some of the corn crop will spread widely before the end of the growing season.
--the price will rise--weaken--right
(E) Most people who trade in corn futures rarely take physical possession of the corn they trade.

--irrelevant

-- by 会员 xeyyxzty (2011/12/3 14:53:30)

这几道题以前都做过了，看似小分队每天就几道题，但是时间积下来也是做了很多的题啊~~
不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江河啊！！！！！！！！！！！
我就来回答下熊熊的问题：
你要注意这个题的问题，措施木的型的问题方式有好多种，有什么问措施的弊端啦，措施达成需要考虑哪些因素啦，措施能否达到目的啦，这道题呢，问的是，措施“有效性的”的问题。所以我们看C，D：

(C) Between the time a proposed toll increase isannounced and the time the increase is actually put into effect, many commutersbuy more tokens than usual to postpone the effects of the increase.—》C这里说，人们买tokens来推迟涨价的影响，注意这里是推迟，如果过段时间以后，人们的tokens用完了，这个法律还是可以有效的实施的。

(D) When tolls were last increased on the twobridges in question, almost 20 percent of the regular commuter traffic switchedto a slightly longer alternative route that has since been improved.—》正确选项是20%的人会选择走另一条路，这么就意味着会有一部分人不会去遵循这个法律，所以影响到这个政策的有效性了。

balapupu

糊糊，道路这道题的问题是：Which of the following, if true, would cast the most doubt on the effectiveness of the authority's plan to finance the proposed improvements by increasing bridge tolls?
我觉得它weaken不是weaken结论，而是weaken这个政策，结论在一定程度上也在weaken这个政策。

zz42050524

糊糊，道路这道题的问题是：Which of the following, if true, would cast the most doubt on the effectiveness of the authority's plan to finance the proposed improvements by increasing bridge tolls?
我觉得它weaken不是weaken结论，而是weaken这个政策，结论在一定程度上也在weaken这个政策。

-- by 会员 balapupu (2011/12/5 10:35:11)

我又看了一遍，感觉和噗噗的意见一致啊，所以我就说找不到结论的作用。